7. There is evidence that this kind of new medicine has no side ___ on the patient.A. infectB. affectC. defectD. effect

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letters A, B, C or D in the brackets.1.——Did you hear what she said? ( )——Well, I heard her say something, but I ______. So I don't know exactly what she said.A. would not listen B. were not listening________D. shouldn't listen2. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun ______. ( )A. shone B. shinesC. has shone________3. The building suddenly collapsed while it ______ down. ( )A. pulled B. had been pulled________D. was pulled4. Most of my saving ______ in stocks. ( )________B. is being investedC. have invested D. have been invested5. The manager insisted that the chief engineer ______ testing the new model immediately.（）________B. startsC. started D. will start6. Great asNewtonwas, many of his principles ______ and modified by contemporary scientists today. ( )A. are to challenge B. may be challengedC. are challenging________7. Mary ______ have been invited to the party, but she wasn't.A. must________C. can D. would8. Mr. Smith isn't here yet. I think he ______ about the meeting.A. should have forgot B. ought to forget________D. may not forget9. , It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you really ______ it.A. needn't do B. shouldn't have done________D. mustn't have done10. I couldn't help ______ when I saw that. ( )A. laugh B. laughed________D. to laugh11. I saw lying on his doormat a letter ______ to him from theU.S.A.( )A. addressing________C. to address D. being addressed12. The key ______ the puzzle will be given in tomorrow's paper. ( )A. of B. for________D. about13. The surgeon was expected to finish the operation ______ noon. ( )A. in________C. till D. on14. What was it ______ caused the forest fire? ( )A. who________C. this D. whom15. This is the school ______ I studied for six years. ( )A. which________C. when D. whom16. His sister, ______ you met at the airport yesterday, is a famous basketball player. ( )A. that________C. which D. when17. She would stay with her parents ______ .( )A. for a couple of days once a month after she got married________C. after she got married for a couple of days once a monthD. once a month after she got married for a couple of days18. All the applicants will be assessed ______ an interview.( )________B. through the way ofC. by the way of D. by the method of19. ______ my bank lent me the money, I would have bought a new house.( )________B. IfC. Be D. Would20. ______ guilty, I'd rather be tried in Florida.( )A. When B. AsC. Since________二、选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.21.were, was, had, animal, animalsSmall amounts of land________used for keeping________.22.has, have, its, their, theirsThe committee________reached________decision.23.more, more of, most, as, like, thanBill is________a fool________John.24.qualified, a teacher; qualifying, teachers; qualify, teachingSusan is________as________as Mary.25.be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall bea. That the man kissed his love in the street on the Valentine Day________a hot topic for tonight's TV show.b. Neither his voice nor his donation to the funding organization________forgotten in the days to come.26.have, has, had, will have, shall havea. She is the only one of the factory who________been laid up.b. This is the only family in the community who________different opinions while making up the mind.27.be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be, has, have, hada. She is one of the girls who________been to the Sentosa Beaches.b. This is the only one of the houses which________newly built up in this area.28.physics, gentry, binoculars, bronchitis, bacteria, stimulusa. Singular only:________b. Plural only:________三、填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.A.Fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. I think I've lost that green scarf of mine; I can't find it________.30. ——"I'd like some more cheese."——"I'm sorry there's________left."31. I'm trying to persuade him to come but I'm getting________.32. Satellite technology offers the opportunity, as________before, for continuous television coverage of major international events.B.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:33. Primary distillation, which yields several fractions,________(carry) out in the main column of the crude distillation unit.34. It is time we________(think) about drawing up a detailed plan for the project.35. Halloween was originally a religious holiday, but its religious character________(lose) in theUnited States, and now it is celebrated mostly as a children's day.36. When________(question) the boy, the policeman felt a little sorry for him.37. Three years later,________(realize) that he was not as well prepared as he should be, either materially or psychologically, Mackenzie returned to Britain to get ready for his next journey.C.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:38. The train doesn't go toNanjing. We'll have to change________Shanghai.39. Unless the hunters are very careful, they may fall________death when climbing the mountains.40. The man sitting in the corner reminds me________my uncle Tom.41. I think it isn't good________children to get everything they want.42. It was between 1830 and 1835________the first newspaper in the world was born.D.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun or adverb:43. Deserts are found________rain never falls or falls in only a few weeks' time for a whole year.44. That was the proposal she put forward at the board meeting but________was turned down by all the other members.45. The treatment,________is being tried by doctors at these hospitals, has proved to be effective for patients.46. Mrs Taylor,________came on holiday with us, is now inShanghai.E.Fill in the blank with the proper form of the adjective given:47. Of the two sisters, which is the________(old)?F.Fill in the blank with the adjectives in brackets in correct order:48. She had a________skirt. (beautiful, real, red, silk)四、改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. Don't use your plate as ashtray.→________50. Julie spent the all of the summer at home.→________51. WholeLondonwas talking about her affairs.→________52. Both of children have gone to bed.→________53. Have you heard this new idea of the boss?→________54. She's got a parrot on the shoulder.→________55. —"Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?"—"I'm afraid either day is possible."→________56. She got married atSt. Joseph.→________________________五、改句(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.A.Turning the following imperative into the YES-NO question form:57. Bring me some paper please.→________B.Using a modal auxiliary:58. It is not even barely possible that he made that mistake.→________C.Using the nonfinite verb form:59. When the reports arrived, we began to assess them.→________D.Using extraposition:60. To see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes breaks my heart.→________E.Using passive voice:61. All the students who are applying for the government loan must observe this rule.→________F.Combining the two sentences by using subjunctive mood:62. She has little knowledge about the country. But she talked in a way that made people believe the country.→________G.Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:63. He tried many companies. They all rejected his application.→________64. It rained heavily last night. All the flowers are gone.→________H.Combining the two sentences by using a relative clause:65. Philip bought an English-Chinese dictionary last week. He found it very useful.→________66. Heavy storms occurred in the area this summer. It caused serious damage to the crops.→________I.Rewrite the following sentences using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:67. If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. Keeping a collection of necessities pre-packed will give you time to pare the nonessentials.→________68. I inherited these skills from my father. Those skills have been put to the test.→________69. I learned to pack light early in life. I had to pack light early in life.→________六、名词解释(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples.70. Predicative modal auxiliaryModal auxiliary which is in a use indicating speaker's assumption or assessment of probability.eg. Even in summer it________be very cold here.71. anaphoric referenceAnaphoric reference is used to retreive information from the foregoing context.eg. I have read that book.________is not very interesting.七、简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions.72. What is the system of two tenses and two aspects?Answer: Two tenses are past tense and present tense; two aspects are perfect aspect and progressive aspect.73. What are the senses conveyed in the premodifying-ed participles?Answer: If the verb is transitive, its premodifying-ed participle convey the sense of passiveness or completeness or both; if the verb is intrnasitive, its premodifying-ed participle convey only the sense of completeness.74. What is given information and what is new information?Answer: The given information is what is assumed to be familiar to the receiver, while the new information is what is assumed to be unfamiliar to the receiver.2010年4月全国自考现代英语语法真题

Children may not be stashing coins in piggy banks (储钱罐) for much longer; with the move towards a cashless society, pocket money is moving digital. To reflect this trend, a flurry of mobile budgeting apps for children has sprang up worldwide: GoHemy, Osper and Gimi to name a few.These apps offer a simple money management service for children, often for a monthly subscription free paid by the parents. Parents can add money to children's accounts, set limits and monitor transactions while children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card that works like a debit card. The apps suggest minimum ages ranging from six to nine for the prepaid card.The companies behind the apps argue that in an increasingly cashless society, they can be a valuable way of teaching young children about money. Two thirds of adults globally are financially illiterate, according to Standard & Poor's Global Financial Literacy Survey, and one in four teenagers are unable to make even simple decisions on everyday spending.These apps aim to overcome this, claiming to teach children financial concepts, such as budgeting, interest rates and income. For instance, the Swedish app Gimi-with 1.2 million users globally—has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money; parents can pay children interest as they save; and there is a chores feature, where parents can pay children for completing household tasks.The account is attached to a prepaid card that is currently available in Sweden only, but expected to launch elsewhere in Europe in 2020.But Catherine Winter, managing director of financial capability at The London Institution of Banking and Finance, warns that while digital tools can help, there needs to be a more structured approach to financial education.The area should "have regular classroom time and ideally should be taught as a separate subject." She says, "Children would then have the right context and foundation to get the most out of both the apps and their money."The growth of digital banking has affected how parents dole out pocket money, with one in three parents in the United Kingdom doing it digitally, according to a recent report by the financial comparison website Money.co.uk. One concern is that introducing digital money apps to young children could help encourage irresponsible spending habits."If children don't have a good foundation in financial capability, there's a risk that money apps could be seen as just another game," says Winter. "There's a risk that they won't learn about the real value of money and might develop bad money habits." However, Philip Haglund says children are protected from this as parents can monitor their spending habits and none of the services offer an overdraft so children can not go into debt.Plus, it is important for kids to learn and make mistakes, says Guichard. "We want to he help kids and teenagers gain financial skills for life, and the earlier you do that the better, because if you're going to make a mistake of ￡ 10 at eight, it's better than making a mistake of ￡ 1,000 when you're 28," he says.1、 What is the major role of mobile app? ______A.Buying favorite goods.B.Paying fees for parents.C.Managing pocket money.D.Keeping an eye on children.2、 According to the passage, the Swedish app Gimi can ______.E.guide parents to manage companiesF.give children basic ideas of financeG.guide children to do their homeworkH.teach parents how to invest their money3、 What can we infer from Philip Hag words? ______I.A degree in economics guarantees the capability of managing money.J.Gyberspace is the best medium for children to get financial knowledge.K.The app Gimi helps children develop positive attitudes towards money.L.Cash transactions are abstract and difficult for most people to understand.4、 What does Catherine Winter suggest regarding financial education? ______M.It should be well organized.N.It should be done in cyberspace.O.It should be provided by parents.P.It should be a self-taught subject.5、 What is the passage mainly about? ______Q.A new way of saving money at a local bank.R.A new way of teaching children about money.S.A new course on gaining financial knowledge.T.A new method of maintain online transactions.

Making a speech is an art which is constantly used, and it has to be learned and practiced.A. 演讲是一门难得一用的艺术，所以有机会就要学习和锻炼。B. 演讲是一门普遍运用的艺术，需要学习和训练才能掌握。C. 演讲是一门常用的艺术，而且需要学习和实践。D. 演讲这门艺术经常使用才能学会并用于实践。

An ECDIS can be connected to various shipboard equipment and sensors, including the following EXCEPT.A. GPSB. AISC. echo sounderD. rudder angle indicator

Developing a good relationship with your parents is very important if you want to create a strong foundation of trust, love and understanding that will help you build your own life. Here are some key steps you can take to nurture this special bond. Firstly, communication is important. You should talk openly and honestly with your parents, expressing your thoughts and feelings while listening to their point of view. Effective communication will help you to understand each other and will help you to have a deeper connection. Respect is another important part of a healthy parent-child relationship. Show respect for your parents' opinions and choices even if you do not always agree with them. Try to treat your parents with kindness and show you appreciate them. Little acts like messaging them to tell them you are going to be late home, or making them a cup of tea when they get home from work, can go a long way. Finally, spending quality time together is essential. Suggest regular activities or outings that you can enjoy as a family. This could involve having meals together, going for walks or exploring a new hobby together. Shared experiences will create lasting memories and deepen family bonds. 1 Why is it important to build a good relationship with your parents, according to the text?() A. Because your parents will always want the best for you.B. Because they are the two people who love you the most.C. Because by doing so they can continue to support you in achieving your goals.D. Because it can create a strong foundation on which to build your life. 2 What is the writer's opinion about communicating with your parents?()A. You should only tell them what they want to hear.B. You should listen to your parents, but not say too much.C. You should be honest with your parents.D. You should hide your true feelings from them. 3 Which of the following does the writer NOT suggest as a way of showing respect?()A. Buying your parents expensive gifts.B. Treating your parents with kindness.C. Making your parents a cup of tea when they get home from work.D. Messaging your parents if you're going to be late. 4 Why is it important to do fun things with your family, according to the text?()A. To relax and forget about everyday worries.B. To avoid having serious conversations.C. To show them that you care about them.D. To create memories that will last forever. 5 The passage is mainly about how to ________()A. break bad news to your parentsB. develop a good relationship with your parentsC. forgive your parents if they have upset youD. help your parents around the house

【题文】Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.【小题1】What does the passage mainly discuss?A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.C．Responses from the medical world.D．How to use the mind against disease.【小题2】What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.【小题3】The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that.A．the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without itB．the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cellsC．the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changedD．the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them【小题4】It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to.A．help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseasesB．help the patients with chronic diseasesC．help change some bad habitsD．help cure patients of insomnia【小题5】According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?A．The value of mental therapy.B．The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.C．The working principle of suggestion therapy.D．The importance of psychology in medical treatment..

Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfiniTask 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.Thank you for your interest in Calibre Cassette library. This letter tells you about our service. With it we are sending you an application form, so that you can join if you would like to try it.Calibre library aims to provide the pleasure of reading to anyone who cannot read ordinary printed books because of sight problems. We currently have over 7,000 books available for reading for pleasure, including 1,000 specially for children. All our books are recorded cover-to-cover on ordinary cassettes and can be played on any cassette players. They are sent and returned by post, free of charge.When we receive your application, we will send you a book and an information tape. They will explain how to use the service. The easy way to use Calibre library is to tell us what sorts of books you like, and we will keep you supplied with books we think you will enjoy. Or you can send us a list of books you would like to read, and we will then send you books from this list whenever possible. In that case you will need to use our website, or buy one or more of our catalogues(目录).According to the first paragraph, the library sends the application form. to the readers so that they canA．read ordinary booksB．order cassette playersC．buy Calibre cassettesD．use the library service

The (long) ________ Charles has lived in this city， the more he likes it.

The new flexible working time system will enable the (employ) ______ to work more efficiently.