* 本题备选项需点击原文空格处获取，在列表上点选即可。 Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel (26)_____ become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25°C unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists (27)_____ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive (28)_____. Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the (29)_____ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships (30)_____ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank. Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have (31)_____ to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel. Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical (32)_____. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming. The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is (33)_____ to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive. Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of (34)_____ needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with (35)_____ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

The hungry children are going to have a midnight _ at the camp.A. feastB. celebrityC. banquetD. festival

Recent history shows reduction of pollution, once seemingly impossible, can actually be accomplished.Saving Our PlanetF) Social and environmental activists, scientists and indigenous groups have called the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2015 insufficient, weak, or compromised. To some extent, they are right: climate change has already destroyed tens of thousands of livelihoods, and the situation will worsen in the near future for millions of mostly poorer people, who will join the ranks of those who have already been displaced by climate change and extreme weather events. But the Paris Conference nevertheless marked a historic step toward the recognition of the need for action on climate change, the cutting of carbon emissions, and world cooperation. There were 195 nations that came to the table in Paris and agreed to limits on emissions. Historically, nothing comparable had happened prior to this. Before the 20th century, a handful of scientists had been interested in the theoretical relationship between greenhouse gases and climate change, but only the empirical evidence accumulated since the late 20th century established a clear connection between the burning of fossil fuels and a vastly accelerated rise in global temperatures.G) The current crisis is not the first that humans have encountered, and a look at the struggles with pollution in recent history reveals transformations that once seemed unimaginable. The “London fog” that came to define the capital through British novels and thrillers is in reality smog or smoke, a legacy of industrialisation. After a century of ignorance, London was hit by the Great Smog of December 1952—the worst air-pollution event in the history of the United Kingdom which caused the deaths of approximately 12,000 people. Shortly thereafter, public initiatives and political campaigns led to strict regulations and new laws, including the Clean Air Act (1956). Today, London has effectively reduced traffic emissions through the introduction of a Congestion Charge Zone in 2003, and an Ultra Low Emission Zone in 2019.H) Scientific evidence that we are living in an era of climate change, resource exhaustion and potential ecological disaster is overwhelming. How do we motivate a public exhausted by never-ending scenarios of doom and disaster, when the challenges seem so huge and so impossible to solve? Statistics about extinction and the gloom of decline will not in themselves get us out of our often self-created ecological traps: instead, they are more likely to result in paralysis and inaction.I) We need stories and histories of change and transformation: ecological stories that make us confront the fact that human power is potentially destructive, and that the survival of our species on this planet depends on the preservation of soil and water, and the habitats and ecological systems.J) It is time that we showed successes and accelerations in ecological awareness, action and restoration: stories that include past successes and future visions about the rise of urban gardening and of renaturalised riverscapes, of successful protests against polluted air and water, of the rise of regional markets and slow food, and the planting of trees around the globe, of initiatives and enterprises that work towards ecological restoration. The reality of ecological curses seems far greater than the power of the hopes left at the bottom of Pandora’s box. But if we believe that nothing can be changed, then we are giving up our opportunity to act.K) Today’s saving powers will not come from a deus ex machina (解围之神). In an ever-more complex and synthetic world, our saving powers won’t come from a single source, and certainly not from a too-big-to-fail approach or from those who have been drawn into the whirlpool of our age of speed. Hope can work as a wakeup call. It acknowledges setbacks. The concept of slow hope suggests that we can’t expect things to change overnight. If the ever-faster exhaustion of natural resources (in ecological terms) and the“shrinking of the present” (in social terms) are urgent problems of humans, then cutting down on exhaustive practices and working towards a “stretching of the present” will be ways to move forward.A、A) In the long view, the human relationship with forests has been one of brutal destruction, but even it carries elements of slow hope. In the Middle Ages, there was no shortage of timber in most parts of the world, and few saw cutting down forests as a problem. Yet in 1548 the people of Venice estimated that an important timber supply would last only 30 years at their current rate of usage—but different forest management would make it possible to meet the demand for many centuries to come. The idea of preserving resources came out of a concern for the future: a fear of using up resources faster than they could be replenished (补充).B、B) Economic interests were at the core of this understanding of trees and forests. It would take more than three centuries before scientists began to understand that timber production is not the only, and possibly not the most important, function of forests. The late 19th and early 20th century saw an increasing recognition that forests serve as habitats for countless animal and plant species that all rely on each other. They take over protective functions against soil erosion and landslides (塌方); they make a significant contribution to the water balance as they prevent surface runoff; they filter dirt particles, greenhouse gases and radioactive substances from the air; they produce oxygen; they provide spaces for recreation and they preserve historic and prehistoric remains. As a result, forests around the world have been set aside as parks or wilderness areas.C、C) Recent years have seen a big change in our view of forests. Peter Wohlleben’s book The Hidden Life of Trees (2015), an international bestseller, suggests that trees can warn each other of danger through a “wood wide web” of roots and fungi (真菌). They support each other through sharing of nutrients and information, and they even keep ancient stumps alive by feeding them solutions of sugars. Such insights have made us aware of deep ecological relationships between humans and the more-than-human world.D、D) Awareness of ecologies is a recent phenomenon. It was not until the 1940s that the concept of the “environment” embracing all living and nonliving things developed. In the 1970s, the term “environment” gained currency, becoming widely adopted in the English and Romance languages, and as “Umwelt” (“surrounding world”) in German. The emergence of the idea led to the rise of environmental agencies, regulations and environmental studies, and to environmental science as new, integrated academic disciplines. It was in 1956 that the very first bachelor of science in environmental studies was awarded, at the State University of New York College of Forestry at Syracuse. Since the 1970s—with the rise of “environmentalism”—environmental studies programmes have sprung up at hundreds of universities. There is (slow) hope in the fact that scholars from many different disciplines have adopted the term “environment” over the past decades. They are exploring intricate connections within and between complex ecologies, as well as the impact that human environment-making (through techno-industrial, economic and other manipulative developments) has had on the biosphere.E、E) The rise of the idea of the environment and a scholarly understanding of ecological processes has influenced new technologies and also politics. We have come to ask questions about vulnerability and risk, world ecologies, and the relationship between nature and power. The search for an adequate response to climate change occupies centre stage in international diplomacy.

Ricky Gervais’s new film, The Invention of Lying, is about a world where lying doesn’t exist, which means that everybody tells the truth, and everybody believes everything everybody else says. "I’ve always hated you," a man tells a work colleague. "He seems nice, if a bit fat," a woman says about her date. It’s all truth, all the time, at whatever the cost. Until one day, when Mark, a down-on-his-luck loser played by Gervais, discovers a thing called "lying" and what it can get him. Within days, Mark is rich. famous, and courting the girl of his dreams. And be cause nobody knows what "lying" is, he goes on, happily living what has become a complete and utter farce. It’s meant to be funny, but it’s also a more serious commentary on us all. As Americans, we like to think we value the truth. Time and time again, public-opinion polls show that honesty is among the top five characteristics we want in a leader, friend, or lover; the world is full of woeful stories about the tragic consequences of betrayal. At the same time, deception is all around us. We are lied to by government officials and public figures to a disturbing degree; many of our social relationships are based on little white lies we tell each other. We deceive our children, only to be deceived by them in return. And the average person, says psychologist Robert Feldman, the author of a new book on lying, tells at least three lies in the first 10 minutes of a conversation. "There’s always been a lot of lying," says Feldman, whose new book, The Liar in Your Life, came out this month. "But I do think we’re seeing a kind of cultural shift where we’re lying more, it’s easier to lie, and in some ways it’s almost more acceptable." As Paul Ekman. one of Feldman’s longtime lying colleagues and the inspiration behind the Fox TV series "Lie To Me," defines it, a liar is a person who "intends to mislead," "deliberately," without being asked to do so by the target of the lie. Which doesn’t mean that all lies are equally toxic: some are simply habitual ―"My pleasure! "―while others might be well-meaning while lies. But each. Feldman argues, is harmful, because of the standard it creates. And the more lies we tell, even if they’re little white lies, the more deceptive we and society become. We are a culture of liars, to put it bluntly, with deceit so deeply ingrained in our mind that we hardly even notice we’re engaging in it. Spam e-mail (垃垃圾邮件), deceptive advertising, the everyday pleasantries we don’t really mean―"It’s so great to meet you! ""I love that dress"― have. as Feldman puts it, become "a while noise we’ve learned to neglect." And Feldman also argues that cheating is more common today than ever. The Josephson Institute, a nonprofit focused on youth ethics, concluded in a 2008 survey of nearly 30,000 high school students that "cheating in school continues to be spreading, and it’s getting worse." In that survey, 64 percent of students said they’d cheated on a test during the past year, up from 60 percent in 2006. Another recent survey, by Junior Achievement, revealed that more than a third of teens believe lying, cheating, or copying can be necessary, to succeed, while a brand-new study, commissioned by the publishers of Feldman’s book, shows that 18-to 34-year-olds―those of us fully reared in this lying culture―deceive more frequently than the general population. Teaching us to lie is not the purpose of Feldman’s book. His subtitle, in fact, is "the way to truthful relationships." But if his book teaches us anything, it’s that we should sharpen our skills― and use them with abandon. Liars get what they want. They avoid punishment, and they win others’ affection. Liars make themselves sound smart and intelligent, they attain power over those of us who believe them, and they often use their lies to rise up in the professional world. Many liars have fun doing it. And many more take pride in getting away with it. As Feldman notes, there is an evolutionary basis for deception: in the wild, animals use deception to "play dead" when threatened. But in the modern world, the motives of our lying are more selfish. Research has linked socially successful people to those who are good liars. Students who succeed academically get picked for the best colleges, despite the fact that, as one recent Duke University study found, as many as 90 percent of high-schoolers admit to cheating. Even lying adolescents are more popular among their peers. And all it takes is a quick flip of the remote to see how our public figures fare when they get caught in a lie: Clinton keeps his wife and goes on to become a national hero. Fabricating author James Frey gets a million-dollar book deal. Eliot Spitzer’s wife stands by his side, while "Appalachian hiker" Mark Sanford still gets to keep his post. If everyone else is being rewarded for lying, don’t we need to lie, too, just to keep up But what’s funny is that even as we admit to being liars, study after study shows that most of us believe we can tell when others are lying to us. And while lying may be easy, spotting a liar is far from it. A nervous sweat or shifty eyes can certainly mean a person’s uncomfortable, but it doesn’t necessarily mean they’re lying. Gaze aversion, meanwhile, has more to do with shyness than actual deception. Even polygraph machines are unreliable. And according to one study, by researcher Bella DePaulo, we’re only able to differentiate a lie from truth only 47 percent of the time, less than if we guessed randomly. "Basically everything we’ve heard about catching a liar is wrong." says Feldman, who heads the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Universily of Massachusetts. Amherst. Ekman, meanwhile, has spent decades studying micro-facial expressions of liars: the split-second eyebrow arch that shows surprise when a spouse asks who was on the phone; the furrowed nose that gives away a hint of disgust when a person says "1 love you." He’s trained everyone from the Secret Service to the TSA, and believes that with close study, ifs possible to identify those tiny emotions. The hard part. of course, is proving them. "A lot of times, it’s easier to believe," says Feldman. "II takes a lot of cognitive effort to think about whether someone is lying to us." Which means that more often than not, we’re like the poor dumb souls of The Invention of Lying, hanging on a liar’s every word, no matter how untruthful they may be.Junior Achievement has found that more than one third of the teenagers believe that ______. A．most teachers are trustworthyB．the issue of ethics is out-of-dateC．deceiving is essential for successD．personality is related to education

Things you should know about your library card Library cards Cards are free to all library users. Cards are renewed annually. Your library card enables you to register at other public libraries across the city. Responsibility Users are responsible for returning all materials borrowed on their card by the date due (到期的)and for any charges on items that are overdue, lost or damaged. Please report your lost card immediately. Items borrowed on the card are still your responsibility. Charges for lost or damaged materials are based on the cost and include handling fees. Renewals(续借) Most items can be renewed twice unless someone has requested them. There are no renewals on DVDs, videos, or CD-Roms. Fines Borrowing is free if materials are returned by the due date. If your materials are returned late, fines (罚款)are charged: ―30 cents per day for most adult items ―10 cents per day for most junior materials ―1 per day for adult DVDs ―50 cents for junior DVDs.According to the passage, the library card can be registered at ______. A. the library only in your neighborhoodB. other public libraries in the cityC. college libraries onlyD. all online libraries

【题目】Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Most of them are poor at numeracy.B)Most of them have no customer awareness.C) Many of them are unqualified for thriving in the workplace.D) Many of them have no clear occupational planning.6. A) Making training plans for employees in her company.B)Recruiting young qualiied graduates for her company.C) Doing remedial training for new employees in her company.DRunning numeracy lessens for employees in her company.7.A)Offering high-qualified teaching.C)Helping students achieve all-round development.B)Developing students'numeracy skillD)Being strict with students' academic achievement.8. A) The poor teaching quality of schools nowadays.B)The decreasing number of graduates nowadays.C)The reduction of cost in business payroll nowadays.D) The reduction of funding for further education nowadays.

Section C-|||-Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-16.A)How to control emotions in daily life. C)How to study grammar efficiently-|||-B)How to think and act optimistically. __ D)How to deal with emotions under pressure.-|||-17.A)By advising yourself to think in different perspectives.-|||-B)By slowing down your reaction to stress gradually.-|||-C)By keeping a psychological distance between you and your emotions.-|||-D)By distracting your attention from the thing that makes you stressful-|||-18.A)His own experience of being nervous during a flight.-|||-B)His desire as a mental health expert to help patients.-|||-C)His failure in curing people suffering from depression.-|||-D)His new strategies for controllin emotions under pressure.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.-|||-9.A)They had declined for almost two decades. C)They had declined for five years.-|||-B)They had risen for almost two decades. __ D)They had risen for five years.-|||-10.A)It did not examine teens'use of smartphones.-|||-B)It involves many other possible influencing fact-|||-C)It proves the serious influence of social media on teen suicide.-|||-D)It provides weak evidence for social media influencing teen suicide.-|||-11.A)They are the main factors influencing teen suicide.-|||-B)They are being unfairly criticized-|||-C)Kids should be forbidden to use them.-|||-D)Kids'use of them should be reasonably limited.

35If you’ve ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are you’ve seen the term “natural flavors”. But have you taken a 26 to consider what these natural flavors actually are?Most of us might think that “natural flavors” are, well, naturally good for us. A recent study in the journal Appetite found that when the word “natural” appears on packaging, people 27 that the food within is indeed healthier. In truth, natural flavors do not 28 much, at least chemically speaking, from their flavor-boosting 29: artificial flavors. Both can be made in a lab by trained flavorists, but artificial flavors use chemicals to give a product a 30 smell or taste.Natural flavors come from plant or animal 31, like fruit, vegetable, meat, fish or milk that is then processed or refined in some way. In short, natural flavors are 32 from plants and animals to create specific flavors for processed foods. But that does not 33 make it easier to tell what is really in your food. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not 34 the term, companies can use it to refer to pretty much anything derived from a plant or animal. And natural flavors can also include a variety of chemical additives, such as preservatives. The FDA doesn’t require companies to reveal what additional chemicals a specific item 35.So if you want to know for certain what you’re getting with your groceries, you might want to stick to the farmer’s market.A、acknowledgeB、chanceC、containsD、counterpartsE、definedF、differG、especiallyA.extractedB.impliesC.necessarilyD.particularE.perceiveF.secondG.sourcesH.strange

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-19.A)Two. B)Four. C)Six. D) Twelve.-|||-20.A)The ability to cope well with long term mental and emotional problems.-|||-B)The ability to collect the needed information from the space.-|||-C)The ability to make maps of the planets being studied.-|||-D)The ability to adapt well to the living structure in the space.-|||-21.A)It takes 20 minutes for a radio signal to travel from Mars to Earth.-|||-B)It is a method of training the crew members`patience.-|||-C)It takes 20 minutes to prepare for communication-|||-D)It is essential for making sure the content of communications is clear.-|||-22.A)The one in Hawii includes women research subjects.-|||-B)The one in Hawii is conducted in a special structure.-|||-C)The one in Hawii lasts for nearly three years.-|||-D)The one in Hawii provides an environment most like Mars.