2.Society is knit together by certain commonly held beliefs (belief).

The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps ().A. on one sideB. without movingC. shallowlyD. intermittently

1、What does the phrase “confirming reception of the sent messages” mean in Paragraph 1?A.To make sure that the messages are sent to the right receivers.B.To make sure that the messages are fully understood.C.To make sure that the messages are correctly understood by the right receivers.2、In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably was right in the communication chain?D.Conceiving.E.Sending.F.Receiving.3、What is Chinese whispers?G.Who whispers in Chinese.H.A game to pass messages around in a whisper.I.Chinese people who don’t normally talk very loudly.4、When does “allocative success” happen?J.The right information goes to the right place.K.A company gathers information from understaffing departments.L.The correct information will be sent by the right department.5、According to the last paragraph, what result will be caused by human failure?M.Increasing creativity across departments.N.Inadequate communication between departments.O.Increasing customer complaints.

判断选判断句子中括号里的介词使用是否恰当。She knows it will be hard to leave her boyfriend(behind)because she has been with him many years.A. trueB. false

假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友JACK要在暑假期间回国，打算为他妈妈准备几件富有特色的礼物，特来向你咨询．请你给他回复一封邮件．内容包括：1．建议礼物旗袍（cheongsam）和中国结（the Chinese knot）；2．说明礼物原因；3．表达祝福．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear Jack，Yours，Li Hua

Part IV. Cloze (15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.People who speak or perform before the public sometimes may suffer from "Stage Fright". Stage fright makes a person 66 . In the worst case it can make one's mind go back and 67 what one might say or to act. People taking up a variety of occupations such as actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, 68 radio show hosts have suffered from stage fright at one time or another.Diana Nichols who is an expert in helping people 69 from stage fright, works at a medical center in New York City. She spares no efforts to help actors learn to 70 themselves. Miss Nichols says some people, on many occasions, have been afraid to perform before the audience. Others, she says, are very likely to develop stage fright after a 71 experience.Up till now, she has offered them 72 to have a control over the fear One effective way is to smile before going onto the 73 . Taking two deep breaths is always of great benefit 74 deep breathing helps you to get control of your body." 75 " Miss Nichols also persuade her parents to tell themselves that their speech or performance does not have to be perfect. Without any doubt, it's 76 to make a mistake.She tells them they should not be too careful while they are performing What really matters is that they should 77 to perform while she is helping them. After each performance,they will have a heated discussion about what on earth has happened and 78 "What advice, help or advice does not, as they perform more and more, they tend to fear less and less. Miss Nichols says the goal is only to reduce stage fright, not to 79 it completely. This is because a little stage fright really has a positive effect, making a person more careful, and thus 80 the performance.66.A. excitedB. tiredC. nervousD. angry67.A. rememberB. knowC. ignoreD. forget68.A. evenB. stillC. butD. like69.A. sufferB. learnC. benefitD. frighten70.A. protectB. controlC. devoteD. fearful71.A. joyfulB. wonderfulC. medicinesD. methods72.A. jobsB. waysC. filmD. court73.A. thoughB. unlessC. becauseD. while74.A. On the contraryB. To begin withC. In additionD. As a whole75.A. inevitableB. unbelievableC. impossibleD. outstanding76.A. saysB. refuseC. continueD. like77.A. take overB. find outC. go onD. set aside78.A. add up toB. put up withC. make up forD. get rid of80.A. destroysB. neglectsC. improvesD. enjoys

阅读理解。 (共5题;共48分)17. (10分)Almost every child in cities has the chance to go to school, but not all children in the countries are so lucky.There is a girl called Xiao Fang. She is eight years old and lives in a small village in Guangxi. When she was young, she wanted to go to school. But she could not, because her family was too poor to afford the school fees for her, so her parents had to keep her at home. Instead of studying, Xiao Fang worked in the fields with her parents every day. Then Project Hope heard about Xiao Fang. It agreed to help Xiao Fang to go to school. Her wish of study came true, and now she is studying in a school.Unluckily there are many thousands of children who can not go to school. You can join in Project Hope and help these children. You know all the good work needs money. Project Hope needs your help.If you give Project Hope￥300 each year, it can pay for one child to go to school for a whole year. With more money, Project Hope can build new schools, buy good desks, chairs, blackboards and books. Let’s help the children together and give them a chance to have a good start in life.(1)________________ can go to school.A . Almost every child in the worldB . Almost every child in ChinaC . Almost every child in big citiesD . Almost every child in small villages(2)Xiao Fang didn’t go to school when she was young because_________.A . her family was too poorB . she didn’t like to go to schoolC . there was too much work for her to doD . she could learn nothing at school(3)With ￥300, _________.A . one child can go to school for nine yearsB . a new school can be builtC . many children can go to schoolD . a child can go to school for a whole year(4)Project Hope helped Xiao Fang because__________.A . she went to ask for helpB . it heard about herC . she knew someone working thereD . she wrote a letter to the newspaper(5)Which of the following is TRUE?A . Project Hope helps the poor children to go to school.B . Project Hope helps to build new schools.C . Project Hope helps schools to buy desks, chairs, books, etc.D . All the above.18. (10分)(2015•山东莱芜)Here are four letters to their headmasters from students in different placesLi Xue, 14, f'rom JiangsuI will give some suggestions about our school uniform. In our school, we have to wear school uniform every day. But the yellow and green sports uniform looks really dark and old. It can't stand for young and lively spirit. We can add some red or orange color and make a new type of uniform. Liu Hua. 14, from FujianI have two suggestions for my headmaster. First, I think we should have more hobby classes in science, such as plane model making class and computer programming（编程）class. And second, I hope' we can have more PE lessons or more time for physical exercise.Han Bo,15, from ShanxiI'd like to say thanks to my math teacher. About one week ago, I got a bad cold af'ter playing basketball. My math teacher came to me after he knew about it. He took care of me until my parents came. I really want to thank him for that.Zhao Fei, 14, from HebeiI want to talk about the possibility of personal classes. Now many middle schools are trying the "personal class" system. Students don't have regular (普通的) classes in their schools. They can choose lessons they want to take. They don't have to stay in one classroom all the time. I think it is more effective. And it is also good for exercise.(1)The underlined phrase“stand for" means in Chinese.A . 树立B . 忍受C . 代表D . 站立(2)Liu Hua advises her headmaster to .A . set personal classes they want to takeB . change the color of their school uniformC . take care of the students when they are sickD . give more hobby science classes and PE lessons(3)In Han Bo's letter, he wants to show to his math teacher.A . hobbiesB . thanksC . illnessD . collections(4) have the similar suggestions to their headmasters.A . Li Xue and Liu HuaB . Li Xue and Han BoC . Liu Hua and Zhao FeiD . Zhao Fei and Han Bo(5)From these letters, we can infer(推断) .A . Liu Hua is interested in science and sportsB . students don't have regular classes in Zhao Fei's schoolC . Li Xue likes to wear the yellow and green sports uniformD . Han Bo's headmaster looked after him until he was well again19. (10分) A man is going to open a shop selling hats. He wanted a good sign to put over his shop. He wrote:JOHN BROWN HATTERMakes and Sells Hatsfor Ready MoneyThe first friend gave him the advice that the word “hatter” wasn't needed. So John crossed out the word “HATTER” . Then he came to another friend for advice. This friend said that it was not polite to say “for ready money”. So he crossed out “for ready money”. The sign now said:JOHN BROWNMakes and Sells HatsOne day a friend was passing his shop. He saw this sign and said that when a man bought a hat, he didn't care who made it. So John crossed out that word, too.But when another friend saw “ John Brown Sells Hats”, he said , “ Of course you sell hats. No one thinks you give them away for free.” So, at last the sign read:JOHN BROWN(1) “ For ready money” means ___________________.A . pay for the hat here when you buy itB . if you buy the hat you can pay for it in a few daysC . hats here are only for the people with much money(2)How many friends gave John some advice on how to write the sign?A . ThreeB . Four.C . Two.(3)___________________was crossed out first.A . “ John Brown Sells Hats”B . “Hatter”C . “for Ready Money”(4)Each friend has___________________thought.A . noB . the sameC . his own(5)This story tells us that _____________________.A . it isn't possible to please everybodyB . it's easy to sell hatsC . sellers must please everybody20. (10分)根据材料内容,选择正确答案。(B)More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that's why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit(受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don't even have to ride all the way.Folding(折叠) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike call be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But he sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travellers.Health Benefits of Bicycling:It helps to prevent heart diseases.Bicycling helps to control your weight.A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood(心情). Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving.(1)From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming very .A . surprisingB . excitingC . expensiveD . popular(2)When you are riding your bicycle around your neighborhood, you may .A . pollute the environment aroundB . find something you didn't noticeC . go everywhere and use a little oilD . get off your bike and begin to work(3)If you travel with a folding bike, you can fold it and .A . get out of the carB . take it onto a trainC . put it in your purseD . go on airline websites(4)One of the benefits from bicycling is that .A . you can fold the bicycleB . you will be friendly to othersC . you will be more relaxedD . you may get fatter and fatter(5)Which is TRUE according to the passage?A . Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people.B . Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes.C . Riding a bike pollutes your neighborhood.D . Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.21. (8分)阅读理解On the first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. We soon fell asleep. In the morning, I was surprised to find the bag of food had been open.“Bears,” said Joe, “we should hang the food in a tree tonight.”Later that day we stopped in a beautiful field by a river. We put up the tent and fell asleep. During the night the bears came again. This time they took the food from the tree.“Bears can climb trees. They can smell food from a long way away,” said Ben.“We must keep the camp clean. Bears must think our rubbish is food,” I said. “And we should make lots of noise, too. If they know where we are, they may not come any closer,” said Joe.“But if you see a bear,” said Ben, “you mustn't make any sudden moves or make a sound, and you mustn't run either. No one can run faster in the forest than a bear. And remember we don't have a gun to keep us safe.” That night, we went to sleep ... or we tried to.The next day, while the others were resting, I went for a walk in the forest. Suddenly, I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones. He looked so soft and friendly, and I thought, “If I reach out, I can just touch him.”There was a loud noise behind me.I didn't dare to move, not even turn my head. There was another loud noise. The baby bear looked up, and ran towards me. I turned pale and he ran past me into the woods.I couldn't turn round until a few minutes later. Then I saw the baby bear and his huge mother walking away.I ran back to my friends. I have never run so fast.For the next 10 days, every time there was sudden noise, my blood went cold.(1)Who moved the food bag on the first night?A . Joe.B . Ben.C . The writer.D . A bear.(2)In Ben's opinion, which is the right way to protect ourselves when we see a bear?A . We mustn't move suddenly.B . We should make lots of noise.C . We can touch him softly.D . We should run as quickly as we can.(3)What was the loud noise behind the writer?A . It was the wind. The weather changed in the forest.B . It was another baby bear. He wanted to play with stones, too.C . It was the baby bear's mother. She was coming to find her baby.D . It was the writer's friends. They were ready to fight with the bear.(4)Why did the writer run back fast to his friends?A . He was really scared.B . He thought his friends were in danger.C . A bear ran after him and wanted to catch him.D . He had some good news to share with his friends.

Why do some birds fly in groups when migrating, according to the speaker?C To stay safe选词填空The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops, for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a _____(26)recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a _____(27)ingredient in residue(残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots, funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapes of the containers _____(28)they were used to brew, filter, and store beer.They may be ancient “beer-making toolkits,” and the earliest _____(29)evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To _____(30)that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried _____(31)inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like millet and barley(大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, _____(32)likely, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t become a _____(33)food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they suggest barley may have _____(34)in the region not as food, but as_____(35)material for beer brewing beer.The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花),for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a (26)_______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_______ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest (29_______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦),and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_______lily,which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a (33)_______food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have (34)_______ in the region not as food, but as (35)_______material for beer brewing.A. Arrived B. consuming C. direct D. exclusively E. including F. infrom G. raw H.reached I.relatively J.remains K.resources L.staple M.surprising N.suggest O.Test 参考答案: I,由空格前的a和空格后的recent,可以判定空格处缺副词,所以在D和I里面选择,根据语义,应该选I,relatively。 N,由空格后的ingredient,可以判定空格前缺形容词,根据语义,选N,surprising。 M, 由空着前的container和空格后的they,可以判定空格处缺谓语动词,根据语义,选M,suggest。 ,由空格前的earliest和空格后的evidence,可以判定空格处缺形容词,根据语义,选C,direct。 O,由空格前的to和空格后的that,可以判定空格处缺动词原形,根据空格后的的hypnosis,选O,test,意为“为了验证这个假设” J,由空格前的dried可以判定空格处缺名词,根据语义,选J,remains(剩余物/沉淀物) bits of roots,以及空格后的lily,可以判定选E,including L,由空格前的a和空格后的food,可以判定空格处缺形容词,根据语义,选L,staple ,由空格前的may have和空格后的in the region可以判定空格处缺Ved,根据语义,选A,arrived ,由空格前的but as和空格后的material可以判定选项词为形容词,根据意义,选G,raw。 翻译 啤酒配方随着时间而改变。例如给许多现代啤酒带来苦味和柑橘味的啤酒花,是相对较晚被添加到啤酒中的成分,在九世纪与酿酒相关的史料中首次被提及。现在,研究人员在5000年前的酿酒制品残留物中发现了惊人的成分。在中国中原地区两个考古坑进行挖掘的期间,科学家们发现了来自 陶罐、漏斗、双耳陶罐和火炉的陶制碎片(火炉碎片如图)。研究人员今天在《国家科学院院刊》网络版中报告称,容器的不同形状表示它们曾被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒,它们可能是古代的“啤酒制作工具包”,也是最早的有关中国啤酒酿造的直接证据。为了检验这一假设,研究小组检测了容器内暗黄干燥的残留物。其中发现的淀粉颗粒中约有三分之一或凹或胀,或折叠或扭曲,这些变形会在酿造啤酒所需的麦芽处理和麦芽浆制作的过程中发生。科学家们表示,这些谷粒中的大多数,约80%,来自小米和大麦这样的谷类作物,同时10%左右来自块茎植物,包括山药和百合,它们给这些啤酒增添了甜味。研究人员表示,大麦是一个意外的发现:这种农作物在欧亚大陆西部种植,直到大约2000年前才成为中国中部地区的主食。根据这一时间点,研究人员表示大麦当时可能是作为酿造啤酒的原料,而不是一种食物被引入中国中原地区的。 段落匹配 period of radical professional change some of us will seek it out:for other it will feel like an unwelcome intrusion into otherwise stable career Either way,we have choices about how we respond to it when it comes. We recently caught up with yoga entrepreneur Lcah Zeccaria,who put herself through the fire of change to completely reinvent herself.In her search to live a life of purpose .Leah left her high-paying accounting job,her husband,and her home.In the process.she built a radically new lift and career.Since then she has founded two yoga studios.met new life partner,and formed a new community of people.Even if your personal reinvention is less drastic,we think there are lessons from her expericence that apply Where do the seeds of change come from?The Native American Indians have a saying:”Pay attention to the whispers so you won’t have to hear the screams”Often the best ideas for big changes come from unexpected places-----it’s just matter of turning in.Great leaders recognize the weak signals or slight signs that point to big changes to come.Leah reflect on a time she listened to the whispers:”About the time daughter was five years old.I started having a sense that ‘this isn’t right’”She then realized that life no longer matched her vision for it followed traditional measures of success.After graduating with a degree in business and accounting.She joined a public accounting firm,married,bought looked successful,”she says,Leah easily could have fallen into a trap of feeling content,instead, her energy sparked a period of experimentation and renewal. need to change.Leah start playing with future possibilities by exploring her interest and developing new capabilities.First trying physical exercise and dieting.She lost some weight and discovered an inner strength.”I felt powerful because I broke through my own limitations.”she recalls clarity right then and there. Yoga is saving my life.Yoga is waking me up.I ‘m not happy and I want to change and I’m done with this,”In that moment of clarity Leah made an important leap,conquering her inner resistance to change and making a firm commitment to take bigger steps the future you want is a lot casier if you are ready to exploit the opportunities that come your way.When Leah made the commitment to change,she primed herself to new apporiunities she may otherwise have overlooked.She recalls h opened her first yoga studio,but success was not instant. I was working 60 hours a week and running a studio.so I wasn’t getting very much sleep. But it was good for me,”she says.Soon after,she knew she had to make a bold move to fully commit to her new future.Within two years,Leah shed the safety of her accounting job and made the switch complete.Such drastic change is not casy. J. “Be yourself”Leah says.”Quit being the person people think you’re suppose to be.Find a way to dig deep into your into your couragcous self to be who you are.Whatever that means as far as exploring your emotions,your identity,your profession.find one version of you that you are always and everywhere.”It was this sense of purpose that would carry Leah through the storms of change K.Steering through change and facing obstacles brings us face to face with our fears Leah reflects on one incident that triggered her fears, when her investors threatened to shut her down:”I was probably up against the most fears I’ve ever had”she say.”I had spent two years cultivating this community,and it had become successful very fast.but within six months I was facing the prospect of losing it all” l and strong that I wasn’t going to let fear just take over. I was thinking,OK,guys,if you want to want to try to shut me down,shut me down.And I knew it was a negotiation scheme,so I was able to say to myself.””This is not real”By naming her fears

Which one cannot be used as a suitable criterion to brain death?A. Cardiac arrestB. Dilated or fixed pupilsC. Irreversible comaD. The absence of brain stem reflexesE. The cessation of spontaneous respiration

Directions:There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked-|||-A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and put the corresponding-|||-letter on the Answer Sheet.-|||-The first name for the Open University was TThe University of the 36 The idea was to Teach-|||-on the air`,in other 37 on radio and television . Most of the teaching is done like this .Radio and-|||-television 38 brought the classroom into people`s 39 But this,on is own,is not 40 for-|||-a university education.The Open University 41 also receives advice at one of 283 study centers in-|||-the country.Thirty-six weeks of the year he has to send 42 work to a `tutor`,the person who-|||-guides his 43 He must also spend three weeks every summer 44 a full-time student.The-|||-tutors and students meet and study together,as in other universities,At the end o the Open University`s-|||-first year,the results were good.Three out of every four students 45 their examinations. If they do-|||-this very year,they will finish their studies in four or five years.-|||-36.A.Air B.Radio C.Television D.Open-|||-37.A.way B.places C.words D.expression-|||-38A.are B.is C.have D.has-|||-39A.families B.homes C.factories D.offices-|||-40.A.good B.bad C.much D.enough-|||-41.A.president B.professor C.teacher D.student-|||-42.A.writhing B.written C.lost D.missing-|||-43.A.studies B.teachings C.works D.examinations-|||-44.A.on B.for C.as D.to-|||-45.A.took B.failed C. D.passed enjoyed