2 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions below.obeypreciselybarelyprevaildistractionoccur toput simplytake shape1 In 2009, the city still attracted as many as 30,000 American spring breakers, but only two years later that number had dropped to only 500.2 You should monitor all beaches carefully and follow any local warnings before you plan to swim.3 As your ideas of a summer vacation form and develop, remember to be careful when making reservations online.4 In these challenging days of packing for airport security , one thing you could do is to keep any sample-sized bottles of product you have rarely for travel purposes.5 A friendly atmosphere became common among members of the tour group.6 Our travel handbook is helpful to anybody who travels because, in a word, travel is the same no matter who you are and how old you are.7 The countries that I had been previously to were either my home country or countries that just automatically gave visa on arrival, so it did not happen to me to apply for the visa.New Zealand has many worthy recreations , but it was the skiing that we came for and it was mostly skiing that we did.

as well as；at first；keep on；lie down；lift ...out of；name ...after；speak for itself；talk of；turn one's attention to；work on （1）Last year the city ____ the high school ____ the hero who sacrificed his life to save other people.（2） ____ ，I thought he was joking，but then I realized that he was very serious.（3）Young people play an essential part in the worldwide effort to ____ people ____ poverty for good.（4）The professor has been ____ an article about how to learn a foreign language more effectively.（5）We should move away from traditional energy sources，and begin to ____ cleaner forms of energy.（6）It was the first time she ____ how she became an architect rather than a lawyer in front of so many people.（7）John is very talented.He is a famous musician ____ a productive writer.（8）If you like table tennis and ____ practicing it，you will become very good at it.（9）Richard was very tired，so he ____ on his bed and fell asleep immediately.（10）I don't need to say more about how effective this new method can be.The results ____ .

A theme is emerging from the flood of recent corporate earnings reports: cost cuts are boosting profits. Investors are cheering, but they shouldn’t. Even in these tough times, more CEOs should be talking about how they are seeking out investments, developing new technologies and making acquisitions. That’s what will set their companies up for a stronger future. Intel Corp.’s former CEO Gordon Moore had it right when he said years ago that “you can’t save your way out of a recession.” He meant that even in the toughest times, companies have to spend money on new ideas. Recessions always end, Moore often said, and when they do, companies that embraced innovation (创新) during the downturn won’t be stuck with obsolete products and services. Instead, they’ll have new things to offer once demand picks up again. “Customers don’t come out of recessions spending the way they did before,” said Chunka Mui, who has studied how companies can capitalise on opportunities during crises at his Chicago-based consulting firm, The Devil’s Advocate Group. “They demand something different.” Surprisingly few companies are following Moore’s advice of innovating during recessions. Many have been weakened by the pullback in consumer and business spending as well as tight credit conditions, which is making it harder for companies to get loans to fund their operations. That’s driven some to hold cash and make drastic cost cuts. They’re slashing (大幅度削减) jobs and wages and closing stores and factories. The aggressive cuts have allowed companies to exceed Wall Street’s expectations for their earnings. In fact, the “good” news has sent the Dow Jones industrial average above 10,000 for the first time in a year. The problem is that too many companies are making widespread, not focused cuts. They’re telling every division to cut 10 percent of their work force or slashing marketing dollars by the same amount companywide. “That is a quick way to rid a company of costs. But it doesn’t help it get in a better position going forward”, says Cesare Mainardi, managing director at the consulting firm Booz & Co. and co-author of the new book Cut Costs , Grow Stronger , “and a downturn like this should force people’s hand”. 1 What does the author think companies should do during a recession? A Cut jobs and wages so as to save more money. B Seek ways to make the company go forward. C Try hard to get loans to fund their operations. D Motivate the employees by raising the salaries. 2 According to Gordon Moore, when the recession ends, companies that didn’t innovate will ____ . A enjoy faster development with the money saved B set up more factories as consumer demand grows C be hindered by out-of-date products and services D attract more customers with traditional products 3 How do consumers change after the economic crisis? A They lose confidence in the market. B They start to live within their means. C They have different ways of spending. D They try to avoid unnecessary expenditure. 4 What’s Cesare Mainardi’s opinion about companies’ large-scale cuts? A They do no good to companies’ future development. B They help the companies out of the crisis quickly. C They are the only way to get the expected profits. D They force the employees to work much harder. 5 What can be the best title for this passage? A Recession Not as Bad as Expected B Ways to Save You Out of the Crisis C Financial Crisis Spreading the World D Innovation Needed Even in Recessions

Match the following words in the left column with the corresponding meanings in the right column. （1）predecessor ____ （2）predict ____ （3）pretend ____ （4）precaution ____ （5）perception ____ （6）permanent ____ （7）pervasive ____ （8）perform ____ a） careful thought in advance to avoid riskb） existing in or spreading through every part of sth.c） sth.formerly usedd） play the part of；carry oute） say sth.will happenf） lasting for all time in the futureg） take on a false or misleading appearanceh） the state of being aware of sth.

The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against the notion most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with―and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,” says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.” Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “g”. Each study also included both identical twins, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to disentangle (分清) the contributions of genes and environment to their “g” scores. Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “Kids with high ‘g’ will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded.” Children with medium to low “g” may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasising their genetic legacy. Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn’t mean at all that there’s nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi. “From our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.” Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasised if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children’s natural abilities. “My inclination (倾向) would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees, “It shows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.” 1 Most people think the intelligence increases ____ . A are affected more by environment than the genetic legacy with age. B should be attributed more to the contribution that genes make with age. C are closely connected with the genetic legacy with age. D go against the implication of the education with age. 2 What information can we get from the previous studies about intelligence? A Genetic effect on intelligence goes down with age. B Cognitive ability grows with people aging. C Environment contributes more to one’s g scores. D Genetics in part leads to variations in intelligence. 3 What can be inferred from the calculation got by Plomin’s team? A The younger the people, the greater the role genes play in intelligence variations. B The genes play a greater and greater role in intelligence variations with age increasing. C The younger the people, the greater the variations in intelligence. D The older the people, the greater the variations in intelligence. 4 What can be known from the sixth paragraph? A The entertainment chosen by kids with low “g” may be less challenging. B Children want better environment to suit their genetic needs with age. C The older a child becomes, the better his cognitive ability is. D Kids with high cognitive ability stress genetic legacy more. 5 What does Susanne Jaeggi want to express by saying “the ones...lower IQ...after training”? A Children with lower IQ should be paid more attention to than those with high IQ scores. B Children with lower IQ can do nothing because of the evidence of strong heritability. C Children with medium to low “g” can chose challenging activities after training. D The medium or low “g” has close relationship with one’s IQ scores.

⑤ Complete the following sentences with proper phrases given below. Make changes where necessary.prepare oneself to be thrilled to start a new phase ofbe keen to give serious thought toset foot in look to be aware ofbecome part of come out far from1 Setting foot in college is to____ learning. Students have to____ the essence of learning, which is a lifelong journey without a fixed destination. Learning is a process through which we____ concentrate on the development and progress of society.2 Educators should____ help individuals to be mature and free, to flower fully in love and goodness, and to____ their responsibility to better society. They would____ bring about an integrated individual who is capable of dealing with life as a whole.3____ the academic community is one of the essential tasks for college students. Higher education is____ job training that gives students the knowledge and skills needed for the job market. The quality education we____ achieve has more comprehensive benefits: it develops individuals in ways that help build a society with broader vision, higher dignity, and better moral values.

二、 阅读理解（共 4 题）2. Recently, professor of philosophy (哲学)in the United States has written a book called Moneyand the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our daily life hasmore meaning than we usually think. One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to keep arecord of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they can seewhat they really value in life.He says our relations with others often become dearly defined (清晰的）when moneyentersthe picture. You might have wonderful relationship with somebody and you think that you arevery good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend some money. If hedoes, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before or it cansuddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn’t. This person may say that he has a certainfeeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be veryimportant. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book.Question: What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich, becauseyou are a self-made man?Answer: The most surprising thing is how people give me so much respect. I am nothing. Idon’t know much. All I am is rich.People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for? How much do Ineed for any given purposes in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an importantneed in modem society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end.Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happinessmay be missing the meaning of life.【1】According to the first paragraph, people have not realized .A.how important money is in their daily lifeB.how one spends money shows what is important to himC.that money is more important than their philosophy of lifeD.that their understanding of life is more important than money【2】The author seems to believe that asking your friend to lend you some money .A.is a good way to test your friendship B.will do harm to your friendshipC.will strengthen your friendship D.is a good way to break off your friendship【3】The underlined phrase “enter the picture” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “”.A.is used up B.is spent on picturesC.is paid in the right way D.is paid attention to【4】What can we learn about the millionaire from his answer in the interview?A.He doesn’t feel that he is well educated.B.He doesn’t think he is a very important person.C.He doesn’t consider himself to be very successful.D.He doesn’t think that being rich deserves so much attention. 3. I remember my mother as a strong woman. She came to America when she was 12—oldenough to remember her language, she achieved scores and grades high enough to be admitted toDuke University. With a degree in computer science, she finally became the manager of acompany in New York. My mother could give fluent speeches, say “wolves” correctly.It was my mother who always stressed the importance of language. From the time I was born,I was read to. I would fall asleep to the sounds of my parents’ voices, whether it was my dad’ssoftly accented, or my mother’s clear English. The flow of language was unbroken, andwhether in Chinese or English, the stream of communication flowed through our house.One October morning in sixth grade, after my mother had left to catch the train to the city, Ileft the house for the bus stop. I was surprised when I saw our car, the door hanging open. As Idrew closer, I saw my mother lying on the ground.In the hospital, it was hard to believe that the lady who lay before me was my mom. Mymother could not remember my name. As the leaves changed colors, it became clear thatthestrokehad created a wall between my mothers mind and mouth: her mind was not any lessdear, but the words she spoke were not what she meant.The battle my mother faced taught me the importance of language. Without it, identity doesnot exist; relationships cannot be formed; stories cannot be told; directions cannot be given,and knowing anything about anyone is impossible. Without language, communication cannottake place. Without language, one cannot express the beauty of a sunset or the kindness of astranger. The world would pass us by in silence.【1】From where might the author’s mom come to America?A.China B.EnglandC.Russia D.Canada【2】According to the last two paragraphs, the author’s mom was unable to .A.think clearly B.express herself wellC.speak D.open her mouth.【3】The underlined word “stroke” in the 4th paragraph most probably refers to .A.an accident B.a hitC.an illness D.a robbery【4】This passage is mainly about .A.a strong mother B.the importance of languageC.a family disaster D.the significance of teaching language 4. My friend Kathy and I were going to Colorado Springs for holiday. The only problem was, Ididn’t have any luggage to pack my belongings in.My friend Debbie offered to lend me a suitcase that belonged to her father, who had passedaway long ago. “I don’t know if you’ll want to use it,” she said so gently, “it’s very old, wornout, and such an ugly yellow color." I was so touched by her offer to lend something thatbelonged to her father, but I was also concerned about the possibility of it being damaged orlost. She insisted that I take it. So with the suitcase safely in hand, I boarded the train withKathy.We spent two days and one night on the train, sleeping in our seats. As we slept, we wereawakened at times, by the noises of the train pulling in and out of the stations.The next morning we eagerly awaited the announcement: Next stop, Colorado Springs. Butsuddenly, there came another announcement over the loud speaker. “During one of theovernight stops, many pieces of luggage were mistakenly removed from the train and left atthe wrong location.”Kathy and I just looked at each other, as I felt the disappointment swell. Could my worst fearbe coming true, was Debbie’s suitcase lost?Just then two train conductors passed our seats. One of them jokingly said to the other, “Didyou ever see such an old, ugly, brighter yellow, piece of luggage in all of your life?”Before the other conductor could answer, I screamed, “YES, MY SUITCASE MADE IT!”The two conductors stopped in their tracks! and, very red in the face, couldn’t seem toapologize enough for having insulted my suitcase.When I returned it, I couldn’t wait to get the suitcase back into Debbie’s safe hands. Sheasked, “Did everything go well on the trip?” Somehow. I just couldn’t resist telling her whathad happened. She laughed heartily.When I recall the golden suitcase, Fm reminded, that like the suitcase, we can see ourselves astoo old, useless, worn out, and of little value. Or, we can take a closer look and realize that weare one of God’s most valued creations -- unique, and holding inside our most valuablepossessions -- that of love, faith, hope, and wisdom.【1】Hearing the announcements, the author .A.was happy to reach the destinationB.felt angry at the service on the trainC.feared that the suit case might be lostD.asked the conductors to look for the suitcase【2】How did the two conductors feel when the author claimed her suitcase?A.Puzzled. B.Embarrassed.C.Astonished. D.Amused.【3】From the last paragraph we can learn that .A.a friend in need is a friend indeedB.God helps those who help themselvesC.inner beauty is more important than appearanceD.a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step【4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.The Golden Suitcase. B.An Unforgettable Trip.C.A Warm-hearted Friend. D.Two Impolite Conductors. 5. Adult Basic Education (ABE) PreparationTaskThe ABE Department serves a huge population of learners. Our task is to teach basic skillsand help learners to get more knowledge to function effectively as a family member, citizen,worker, and lifelong learner in a changing world.DescriptionABE Is a non-credit program of self-improvement designed to improve basic skills forstudents who are of different educational levels. Development of reading, writing, and mathskills are paid special attention to, as well as life skills, employability, and technology.Students without a high school diploma also have the opportunity to prepare for the GED(General Equivalency Diploma) exams in the five subject areas: writing, social studies,science, literature, and math.Prerequisites (条件)ABE classes are open to anyone 18 or over who desires to improve basic reading, writing, andmath skills at the pre-college level. Students who are 16 or 17 must obtain an officialpermission from high school before attending class.To be accepted, students must attend an Educational Planning Session. During the EducationalPlanning Session students will be given an overview of the ABE programs as well as PCCpolicies, fees, etc.Students will also have their reading, writing, and math abilities assessed ( 评估> during theEducational Planning Session. The results of their assessments will help the teachers developindividual programs of study for students to guide them toward their personal goals. Studentsneeding special help must get in touch with the Office for Students with Disabilities (503-977-4341) at least two weeks before the session is held.CoursesABE 0741: Beginning LiteracyABE 0742: BeginningABE 0743: Intermediate IABE 0744: Intermediate IIABE 0745: Secondary IABE 0746: Secondary II (Includes preparation for the GED Test)【1】The ABE Department serves an aim to .A.provide learners with basic knowledge and skills to fit in with societyB.help learners successfully get a job in a changing worldC.offer diplomas to those who fail to finish secondary educationD.provide students with opportunities to prepare for the GED exams【2】A 17-year-old student is not accepted to ABE classes only because he .A.is below eighteenB.can’t offer a high school diplomaC.can’t provide an official permission from high schoolD.is assessed as poor in learning【3】Different courses are offered to different students according to .A.their own choicesB.the assessments during the Education Planning SessionC.their performances in schoolD.how much they pay for the courses

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Thomas Alva Edison was awarded more patents on inventions than any other American.When he died in 1931，Americans wondered how they could best show their respect for him.One suggestion was that the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout.All electric power would be shut off in homes，streets，and factories.Perhaps this suggested plan made Americans realize fully what Edison and his inventions mean to them.Electric power was too important to the country.Shutting it off for even a short time would have led to complete confusion.A blackout was out of the question. On the day of Edison’s funeral，many people silently dimmed their lights.In this way they honored the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen’s fingertips. 56．This selection says that Thomas Edison ________. A．was the only important American inventor B．received the first American patent C．received more patents than any other American D．was the first American inventor 57．People decided to honor Edison when ______. A．he made the first electric light B．electric power was 100 years C．the country realized electricity’s importance D．he died in 1931 58．The suggested plan was to ________. A．turn off the lights in factories and schools B．observe a few minutes of total silence C．dim all electric lights D．shut off all electricity for a short time 59．Americans fully realized what Edison’s inventions meant when they ________. A．heard of his death B．heard of the plan to honor him C．first used electric power D．tried to carry out the plan B Kids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV，start their chores(杂事)，or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions.Before you know it，you’ve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments，clean their rooms，or take out the trash.Rather than saying ，“Do your chores now.”You’ll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed.So instead of arguing about starting chores，just say，“If chores aren’t done by 4 p．m.，here are the consequences.” Then it’s up to your child to complete the chores.Put the ball back in their court.Don’t argue or fight with them，just say，“That’s the way it’s going to be.” It shouldn’t be punitive(惩罚性的)as much as it should be persuasive.“If your chores aren’t done by 4 p．m.，then no video game time until chores are done.And if finishing those chores runs into homework time，that’s going to be your loss.”On the other hand，when dealing with homework，keep it very simple.Have a time when homework starts，and at that time，all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done.If your kids say they have no homework，then they should use that time to study or read.Either way，there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off. When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you’re trying to talk to him，make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you，he is disrespecting you.At that point，everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears.Don’t try to communicate with him when he’s wearing headphones—even if he tells you he can hear you.Wearing them while you’re talking to him is a sign of disrespect.Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing.Remember，mutual respect becomes more important as children mature. 60．According to the passage，it seldom happens that ________. A．kids turn a deaf ear to their parents’ requests B．parents’ directions sound like a broken record C．children are ready to follow their parents’ directions D．parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids 61．Parents will be able to deal with their children more effectively if they ________. A．avoid direct ways of punishment B．make them do things at their request C．argue and fight with their children D．allow their children to behave in their own way 62．When the kid is doing his homework，parents ________. A．should provide him with a good learning environment B．can do whatever they like C．can stay aside watching TV D．must switch off the power 63．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．parents should take off his headphones when trying to have a talk with their child B．it will make no difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents C．parents shouldn’t give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect D．kids’ purposely talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and control C Qiao is a sixth grader at Yuhui Primary School.He is only 12 years old but has been smoking for three years.Liu,15，is a Junior 2 student at Chicheng No.2 Middle School.He began smoking four years ago.“Smoking is part of my life，” Liu said.Qiao and Liu are not those boys’ real names.But their problem，smoking，is a very real problem.In many countries，smoking is becoming a bigger problem for young people.Most smokers start in their teens (years of a person’s age from 13 to 19) or earlier. A study of 8,000 Beijing students last May told us that smoking is a problem for many Chinese kids.More than 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils said they smoked. “If young people start smoking early，they will probably get addicted to nicotine.And it will be very hard to give up later on，” said a professor. Every year，about four million people die because of smoking.And if people keep smoking，that number will go up to about 10 million a year by 2030，the World Health Organization (WHO) says.So we have to learn and tell others about the dangers of smoking. 64．The sentence “Smoking is part of my life” probably means “________”． A．I don’t smoke very often B．Smoking is very important to me C．I don’t smoke at all D．I’m going to give up smoking 65．What will probably happen if a person starts smoking early? A．He will surely die early. B．He cannot stop smoking. C．It will be difficult for him to give up smoking. D．He will become lazy soon. 66．The study in the passage shows that ______. A．smoking is a serious problem among Chinese students B．there are more and more smokers in China C．some student smokers have already been seriously addicted D．most of smokers are young students 67．The main idea of this passage is that ______. A．smoking is becoming a bigger problem for young people B．many people die because of smoking every year C．WHO asks young people to give up smoking D．nicotine makes people addicted D I will always remember my mother’s last few days in this world. On February 14th,2000，my class went on a field trip to the beach.I had so much fun.When we returned to school，my teacher told me to go to the headmaster’s office.When I got into the office，I saw a police officer.Suddenly I realized something was wrong.The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up.After that，we went to the hospital and waited.Time went slowly.Finally，we got to see our mother.It was terrible. The next day，the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happened.I was taking a test that day.I knew it had something to do with my mother.I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better.How I wished that she had gotten better.When my teacher took me outside，my sister ran up to me.she started crying，“She’s gone，Teresa，mommy’s gone.She’s dead.”I couldn’t believe it.We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital.Most of my family were there.The silence was terrible.I knew I had to say goodbye. Today when I look back，I still miss my mother very much，but I know that I will live.My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart.My mother was an angel walking on the earth.I will always remember her as living.When someone is asked who their hero(英雄)is，they usually say someone famous，like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears.When someone asks me who my hero is，I tell them，my mother.My mother lives every day.That is what makes her a true hero. 68．Where was the writer when she learned her mother was very ill? A．On the beach. B．At the hospital. C．At school. D．At home. 69．Who brought the writer the bad news that her mother was ill? A．Her sister. B．The headmaster. C．Her teacher. D．The police officer. 70．What did the headmaster tell the two teachers the next day? A．Her mother had been very ill. B．Her mother had been dead. C．Her mother had gotten better. D．Her sister came to see her. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you want to keep fit, please refer to the following： Move More Make it a daily to find ways to move your body.__71__Climb stairs instead of taking the elevator.Walk your dog; play with your kids. It doesn’t have to be an hour in the gym or a 45－minute dance class. But that’s great when you’re up to it.At the same time, move more. Quit Smoking Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products. Just recently, we’ve seen more and more teens smoking. Could it be the Hollywood influence? __72__Take care! Warn your children against smoking. __73__ While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease, more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney(肝肾) disease and cancer. Reduce Stress Easier said than done, stress comes in many ways. __74__Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like such as walk on the beach or in a park, read a good book, visit a friend, listen to relaxed music and watch a funny movie. Protect Yourself from Pollution If you can’t live in a smog－free environment, at least avoid smoke－filled rooms. __75__Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is good. A. Avoid Excessive Drinking B．There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs. C．Think carefully about what you will do. D．Exercise outside when the smog rating is low. E．It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes. F．Keep a Positive Mental Outlook G．Some techniques given by experts are thought to be positive thoughts.