题目
两平行放置的偏振片的偏振化方向之间的夹角为 a,当 a=30^circ时,观测自然光1;当 a=60^circ时,观测自然光2,两次测得透射光强度相等,则两自然光的光强度之比 I_1: I_2为() A. 3:1B. sqrt(3):1C. 1:3D. 1:sqrt(3)
两平行放置的偏振片的偏振化方向之间的夹角为 $a$,当 $a=30^\circ$时,观测自然光1;当 $a=60^\circ$时,观测自然光2,两次测得透射光强度相等,则两自然光的光强度之比 $I_1: I_2$为()
- A. $3:1$
- B. $\sqrt{3}:1$
- C. $1:3$
- D. $1:\sqrt{3}$
题目解答
答案
设自然光1的光强为 $I_1$,自然光2的光强为 $I_2$。通过第一个偏振片后,光强变为原来的一半。
- 对于自然光1($a=30^\circ$):
\[
I_{\text{透射1}} = \frac{I_1}{2} \cos^2 30^\circ = \frac{I_1}{2} \times \frac{3}{4} = \frac{3I_1}{8}
\]
- 对于自然光2($a=60^\circ$):
\[
I_{\text{透射2}} = \frac{I_2}{2} \cos^2 60^\circ = \frac{I_2}{2} \times \frac{1}{4} = \frac{I_2}{8}
\]
由于透射光强度相等:
\[
\frac{3I_1}{8} = \frac{I_2}{8} \implies 3I_1 = I_2 \implies I_1 : I_2 = 1 : 3
\]
答案:$\boxed{C}$In a triangle $ABC$, the sides $a$, $b$, and $c$ are opposite to angles $A$, $B$, and $C$ respectively. Given that $a = 1$, $b = 2$, and $\cos C = \frac{1}{4}$, find the value of $\sin B$.
在三角形 $ABC$ 中,边 $a$,$b$,$c$ 分别对应角 $A$,$B$,$C$。已知 $a = 1$,$b = 2$,且 $\cos C = \frac{1}{4}$,求 $\sin B$ 的值。
A. $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{10}}{4}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{10}}{16}$
D. $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{16}$
\[
\boxed{B}
\]
**解析:**
1. **求边 $c$:**
由余弦定理 $c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C$,代入已知值:
\[
c^2 = 1^2 + 2^2 - 2 \times 1 \times 2 \times \frac{1}{4} = 1 + 4 - 1 = 4 \implies c = 2
\]
2. **求 $\sin C$:**
利用 $\sin^2 C + \cos^2 C = 1$,得:
\[
\sin^2 C = 1 - \cos^2 C = 1 - \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2 = 1 - \frac{1}{16} = \frac{15}{16} \implies \sin C = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
3. **求 $\sin B$:**
由正弦定理 $\frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}$,代入已知值:
\[
\frac{2}{\sin B} = \frac{2}{\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}} \implies \sin B = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
1. **余弦定理求 $c$:**
$c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C = 1 + 4 - 1 = 4$,得 $c = 2$。
2. **正弦定理求 $\sin B$:**
$\frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}$,其中 $\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$,代入得 $\sin B = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
由余弦定理求边 $c$:
\[
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C = 1 + 4 - 2 \times 1 \times 2 \times \frac{1}{4} = 4 \implies c = 2
\]
由 $\sin^2 C + \cos^2 C = 1$ 求 $\sin C$:
\[
\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
由正弦定理求 $\sin B$:
\[
\frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C} \implies \sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
\[
\boxed{A}
\]
**解析:**
1. **余弦定理求 $c$:**
$c^2 = 1 + 4 - 2 \times 1 \times 2 \times \frac{1}{4} = 4$,得 $c = 2$。
2. **求 $\sin C$:**
$\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
3. **正弦定理求 $\sin B$:**
$\sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
1. **余弦定理求边 $c$**:
\[
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C = 1 + 4 - 2 \times 1 \times 2 \times \frac{1}{4} = 4 \implies c = 2
\]
2. **求 $\sin C$**:
\[
\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
3. **正弦定理求 $\sin B$**:
\[
\frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C} \implies \sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}
\]
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
1. **余弦定理求 $c$:**
$c^2 = 1 + 4 - 2 \times 1 \times 2 \times \frac{1}{4} = 4$,得 $c = 2$。
2. **求 $\sin C$:**
$\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
3. **正弦定理求 $\sin B$:**
$\sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
1. **余弦定理**:
$c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C = 1 + 4 - 1 = 4$,得 $c = 2$。
2. **求 $\sin C$**:
$\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
3. **正弦定理**:
$\sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
1. **余弦定理求 $c$:**
$c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C} = \sqrt{1 + 4 - 1} = 2$。
2. **求 $\sin C$:**
$\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
3. **正弦定理求 $\sin B$:**
$\sin B = \frac{b \sin C}{c} = \frac{2 \times \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
由余弦定理得 $c = 2$,由 $\sin C = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 C} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$,利用正弦定理求得 $\sin B = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
余弦定理求得 $c = 2$,由 $\sin C = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$,正弦定理得 $\sin B = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**解析:**
余弦定理求边长,正弦定理求 $\sin B$,结果为 $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$。
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed{A}$
**答案:** $\boxed