Max Weber was one of the most important German intellectuals of his day. He believed that sociological explanations must derive from an understanding of why people choose the actions they do. This belief differed sharply from Durkheim's view that society and individuals should be studied at different levels. Weber acknowledged that there are social facts that must be analyzed using scientific methods, but he argued that social facts are the total result of individual actions. The stress on individual action led Weber to look beyond objective behavior and to focus on people's subjective beliefs, attitudes, values, and motives. According to Weber, sociologists must interpret, not just observe. They must try to see actions from the point of view of the actor. This approach he called verstehen, which in German means emphatic understanding. Weber stressed that verstehen could be systematic. It did not reduce sociological knowledge simply to matter of opinion. But explanations, in his view, had to go beyond the objective counting of who in society has which social attributes (社会属性). Explanations, according to Weber, must consider the subjective thoughts and feelings that lead to particular actions. Like Marx and Durkheim, Weber wanted to understand the rapid social changes occurring in his time. To Weber the most fundamental trend in the modem era was an increasing rationalization (理性化) of social action and social institutions. More specifically, Weber saw the history of Western society in terms of a shift from traditional orientations, to more rational orientations. Weber believed that the general trend toward increased rationalization could be seen in many aspects of social life. One was the rise of science as the principal method of acquiring knowledge. By the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries people were increasingly coming to believe in science, to consider its rational, systematic methods superior to simple intuition and common sense. Increased rationalization could also be seen in the growth of government bureaucracies (官僚制度), where laws are the basis of authority. A third area where the rise of rationalization could be seen was in the development of capitalism. Capitalism requires people to analyze markets, maximize the efficiency of production, calculate returns on investments, and create financial institutions to support economic expansion, all things that demand a logical, reasoned approach to the world.1 What is the passage mainly about?A Presenting the sociological theory of Max Weber.B Giving a brief biography of Max Weber.C Explaining the importance of the term "verstehen" in Weber's theory.D Showing several areas of social life in Weber's theory.2 In which aspect does the author imply that Max Weber was different from Durkheim?A Weber believed society and individuals should be studied differently.B In Weber's view the social changes must be studied carefully.C Weber placed more emphasis on the motivation of people's actions.D Weber thought individual actions are the result of society.3 According to Weber, what characteristic should explanations of individual actions have?A They should relate with none other than social attributes.B They should consider the person's thoughts and feelings.C They should involve a lot of systematic observation.D They should be carried on at different levels of study.4 What is one of the reasons for the increase of rationalization?A Government had more authority than ever.B Intuition played a more important role in action.C Capitalism developed quickly.D Economy grew rapidly.5 What is the author's attitude towards Weber's theory?A Praising.B Criticizing.C Unclear.D Objective.

完形填空-|||-I`m a big fan of pop music and I enjoy listening to-|||-music quite a lot.Although people can listen to 1 -|||-music on their music players when they are travelling,-|||-working or studying,music festivals and concerts are-|||-becoming more and more 2 This is because I-|||-believe they offer two main 3 -|||-The first one is that the sound is much 4 at-|||-live concerts where the music and voices come 5 -|||-from the musicians.This makes it a much more-|||-emotional(有感染力的) 6 because you have direct-|||-contact with the 7 and you react (回应)to them-|||-and they react to you.-|||-The second advantage is the atmosphere (气氛).-|||- 8 listening to a recording alone on your personal-|||-music player,at a concert you are 9 with a huge-|||-crowd of people and 10 the music together.This-|||-means it is a 11 as well as an artistic experience.-|||-The main 12 is that you cannot listen to live-|||-music whenever you would like you can on a personal-|||-music player.Besides,the 13 from the audience-|||-sometimes 14 the quality of the sound.-|||-In my opinion,however,the best way to enjoy-|||-music is the wonderful atmosphere of a live concert.It-|||-is more exciting because you are surrounded by other-|||-who are dancing with you happily.-|||-1.A.recorded B.live-|||-C.soft D.loud-|||-2.A.special B.difficult-|||-C.successful D.popular-|||-3.A.questions B.advantages-|||-C.challenges D.results-|||-4.A.higher B.lower-|||-C.worse D.better-|||-5.A.quickly B.directly-|||-C.frequently D.suddenly-|||-6.A.example B.experience-|||-C.lesson D.talk-|||-7.A.performers B.audience-|||-C.producers D.strangers-|||-8.A.According to B.Instead of-|||-C.Except for D.Along with-|||-9.A.listening B.playing-|||-C.working D.singing-|||-10.A.writing B.providing-|||-C.studying D.enjoying-|||-11.A.personal B.practical-|||-C.social D.physical-|||-12.A.reason B.problem-|||-C.purpose D.worry-|||-13.A.danger B.pain-|||-C.alarm D.noise-|||-14.A.improves B.damages-|||-C.values D.forms-|||-15.A.teams B.classes-|||-C.volunteers D.fans

5. Mom's encouraging words still _ in my ears.A. keepB. ringC. runD. go

一、 华语族（从48题，100.0分）22. （单选题，7.1分）The Zhuang____ minority is China's largest minority group with a long history and glorious culture.A. orientalB. decorativeC. ethnicD. small

五、阅读理解阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a largecirculation. The “quality” newspapers are often held up as an example of impartial journalism but theDaily Mirror and the Daily Express usually impress newspapermen even more because they both sellabout four million copies every day. British families generally buy a newspaper every morning andfrequently take two or three on Sundays, but the vast circulation figures obtained are not only due to theEnglishman's thirst for news. Because the newspapers are all published nationally, copies can be deliveredeverywhere at the same time.Though people abroad often know the names of the national papers, they seldom realize that there isanother branch of the British press which sells so many copies. Local newspapers have a weekly circulationof 13 million. Almost every town and country area has one. Nearly all of them hold their own finance andmany of them are very profitable.These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local events - births, weddings,deaths, council meetings and sports - but the content is naturally influenced by the kind of communitythey serve. Editors prefer to rely on a small staff of people who all know the district well. A great deal oflocal news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in the neighborhood and it does not get out of date asquickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week's edition, an item can sometimes be helduntil the following week.The editor must never forget that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. He is usuallyanxious to keep the good will of local businessmen for this reason. Butif the newspaper is well written andthe news items have been carefully chosen to attract local readers, the businessmen are grateful for theopportunity to keep their products in the public eyes.Local newspapers do not often comment on problems of national importance and editors rarely holdwith taking sides on political questions. But they can often be of service to the community in expressingpublic feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to providebetter shopping facilities, improve transport in the area and preserve local monuments and places ofinterest.1. The Daily Mirror impresses newspapermen more becauseA. it has a larger circulation than many other famous papersB. it is of better quality than many other papersC. it is sold nationallyD. it is delivered everywhere in Britain2. Local papers are preferred by readers whoA. are interested in newsB. are much interested in local eventsC. want to obtain news as quickly as possibleD. work in churches and clubs3. According to the text, businessmen would like to advertise in papers ifA. the papers are well writtenB. the papers can promote (推广) their productsC. they like to be in the newsD. the papers are popular and can attract readers4. The last paragraph implies thatA. local papers never comment on politicsB. local papers can sometimes influence policy makingC. local papers are more concerned about their own communitiesD. local papers do not take sides on problems of national importance5. Newspapers in Britain have a large circulation becauseA. British families read two or three papers every dayB. British families like to read news and papers are available nationallyC. newspapers are sold everywhere in BritainD. the papers are impartial and people like to read them

阅读理解Mr. Smith lived in a small village. She was born with a silver spoon. When her parents died, they left her a lot of money. After that, she lived on her own. Unfortunately, she became blind after a serious illness. She went to see lots of famous doctors, but nobody was able to cure(治愈)her eyes. She felt very sad.One day, a man named Tom came to the village where Ms. Smith lived. Ho heard about her illness and came to her house. He told Ms. Smith that he had much experience. He was sure to cure her eyes, but she must pay him a large amount of money. Ms. Smith agreed. "But you can't get a penny if you fail," said the lady.During the treatment, Tom found Ms. Smith was very rich. There were plenty of good things in her house. He stole many valuable things from the house. Several weeks later, Tom cured Ms. Smith. The lady could really see with her eyes. When Tom asked for money, Ms. Smith refused. She said, "You haven't cured my eyes. Before I was blind, I could see all the things in my room. ________." Hearing that, Tom stood there and couldn't say a word.(1)The underlined sentence "She was born with a silver spoon." most probably means ________.A.she had poor parentsB.she was born in a rich familyC.she had meals with a very expensive spoon(2)Tom came to visit Ms. Smith for the first time because he ________.A.wanted to steal her moneyB.wanted to help her for freeC.wanted to cure her illness in order to make money(3)After Ms. Smith was cured, ________.A.Tom paid her a lot of moneyB.she refused to pay Tom any moneyC.she paid Tom lots of money at once(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Ms. Smith was born blind.B.Many valuable things were stolen from Tom's house.C.It took Tom several weeks to cure Ms Smith.(5)"________" can be the missing sentence in the passage.A.What a colorful world!B.ut now I can't see any of them.C.Thank you for curing my eyes.I don't think all household chores are boring. But some really are. Every day after breakfast I have to clean the table. On weekends, I have to clean the bathroom and do the dishes after dinner. There are two things that I hate most in life—cleaning the bathroom and doing the dishes.Mom often says, "Amy, clean your bedroom. It's a mess(杂乱)." I don't think it's really messy. But Mom just checks my room every day and tells me to clean up "this mess". Of course I promise her each time that I will clean it up when I have time.My brother, Mark, doesn't have to do very much at home. Sometimes, he helps Dad wash the car and water the plants. Those are not boring chores at all. I usually have to remind(提醒)him to help me do the dishes, but after he passes the dishes, he will run back to his computer.(1)From the passage we know that Amy hates ________.A.watering the plants and washing the carB.cleaning her room and watering the plantsC.cleaning the bathroom and doing the dishesD.taking out the trash and cleaning her bedroom(2)The most interesting thing her brother Mark likes to do is ________.A.surfing the InternetB.helping Dad water the plantsC.doing the dishes for his sisterD.cleaning up his bedroom(3)What does the underlined word "promise" mean?A.忘记 B.答应 C.厌恶 D.拒绝(4)Does the writer like playing computer games?A.Yes, she does. B.No, not at all. C.No, she does. D.We don't know.(5)How many people are mentioned in the article except the author?A.2. B.3. C.4. D.More than 3.Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their personalities(性格)?The Germans(德国人)are very quiet and they always keep calm. They don't like to speak many words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of entertainment. The Germans are very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their house clean.In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite(礼貌的), so we often hear they say "Thank you" or "Sorry". The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.The French's holidays are very long. They like traveling and usually spend their long holidays staying in other countries. The Frenchmen are more outgoing than the Germans. It is very easy to make friends with them.Compared(与……相比)to the Frenchmen, the Americans are more outgoing. And they are even more open than all of the Europeans. They don't like to depend on others. So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. And in Americans' eyes, success is an important part in their life.(1)Who are the most open of the four?A.The Germans. B.The Englishmen. C.The Americans. D.The Frenchmen.(2)What can we know from the passage?A.The Germans are richer than other Europeans.B.Kids in America don't like to go to school.C.Europeans are easier to make friends with.D.Englishmen and Germans have a lot in common.(3)What is the passage mainly about?A.Foreigners' hobbies.B.Who are more outgoing.C.Personalities of the foreigners.D.Success is an important part in Americans life.Winter is coming and the weather is getting colder. Eating some hot food can make us feel warmer. But what will happen if we swim in a "hot pot(火锅)"?Chongqing is famous for its delicious hot pot and lots of hot springs. Now, a place in that city becomes popular because it brings the two things together. In October, a "hot pot" swimming pool was open in Chongqing. The special pool is as big as a common swimming pool, and it also looks like a hot pot. The pool is full of red water. People use special medicine to make the water red, and it is good for visitors' health.The visitors in the pool might feel like they are the foods in a hot pot. Some toy(玩具)fruits and vegetables are also in the pool. When the visitors are swimming in the pool, the water is cooking at a high temperature. But don't worry! The temperature is good for your physical health. "There are many 'foods' in the pool, but you can't eat them," one visitor said.(1)The "hot pot" swimming pool in Chongqing brings ________ together, so it becomes popular.A.the hot pot and hot springs B.fruits and vegetables C.red water and medicine(2)The water in the swimming pool becomes red because of the ________.A.special medicine B.toy fruits C.vegetables(3)Which of the followingis TRUE according to the passage?A.The visitors can eat the "foods" in the swimming pool.B.It's dangerous for the visitors to swim in the "hot pot" swimming pool.C.Swimming in the "hot pot" swimming pool is good for our health.(4)The underlined words "hot springs" in the second paragraph mean ________.A.火山 B.温泉 C.江岸阅读下面的短文,然后根据短文内容回答问题。"Mirror, mirror on the wall, what will I look like in ten years? Will I look pretty if I eat junk food and don't exercise?"To get the answers, you might need a special mirror. French scientists have invented(发明)one. In this mirror, you won't see what you look like today. You will see what you'll look like in the future."The mirror looks just like the one in your bathroom, but with two differences," says Martin Ally, one of the scientists.First, it has a camera to take your pictures. You also need to tell the mirror what you eat and how you exercise. Then, with that information, special software(软件)in it will create a future vision(幻象)of you on the mirror.What can had habits do to you in five or ten years? This mirror may just show you. If you don't want it to become real, give up your bad habits right now!(1)What will people see from the mirror?(不超过10个词)________(2)How many differences does the mirror have from a common mirror?(不超过5个词)________(3)Can people use the special mirror to help them keep healthy?(不超过5个词)________.

（2013广东，B, 10分） Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is. However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it. When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway. Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into. 31. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about　　　.　 A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success C. the standards of success D. the importance of success 32. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to　　　.　 A. being good at something　　　　B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time　　　　D. succeeding in life 33. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because　　　.　 A. work makes one feel pain　　　　B. one tends to enjoy his work C. one gives up his work easily　　　　D. it takes a lot of time to succeed 34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Successful people like to show their great skills. B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent. C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life. D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success. 35. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Having a goal is vital to success. B. Being good is different from being great. C. One cannot succeed without time and practice. D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.

Mental Health Staffing Shortages―a Real Headache Mental health has come out of the shadows, creating bright new job opportunities in an industry working hard to attract and retain fresh recruits. "Since 1999, the mental health project has been exploring best practices in workforce development," explains Brian Keefer, program manager with the California Mental Health Planning Council, Human Resources Project. "The purpose is to expand the capacity and diversity of the public mental-health force in order to provide recovery-based practices. " The council provides assistance to individuals with serious mental illness and children with emotional disturbances. "The mental health community is short of professional workers," he reports, "and there are many entry points into this diverse field. You could begin as a volunteer and then as an outreach (外展) worker. This is someone who is hired with a certificate in human services or case management. "School Graduate a Must Keefer advises anyone thinking of working in the mental health industry to become licensed. Students can earn undergraduate degrees in a variety of courses, but they should really hone (磨练) in on graduate school. Licensing is generally attained three years after completion of a bachelor’s degree. The reason for licensing is a matter of dollars and job opportunities. Licensing is required by insurance companies to approve treatment costs. "There are opportunities for non-licensed mental health workers," Keefer reports, "but the majority of demand is for licensed and certified staff. " Salaries reflect the disparity (差距): Entry-level jobs for non-licensed mental health workers range from 25,000 to 35, 000 a year, while licensed professionals can earn as much as 75, 000 annually. "In comparison, people that work in summer recreational camps make 40, 000 a year," he points out. "In fact, a manager at a national fast-food chain makes the same as an entry-level case manager. "However, most people don’t go into mental health work to make a lot of money. Most have had a personal connection with the work, and that experience touched their life in some way and compelled them to pursue a career in the field. " Rusty Selix, executive director of the Mental Health Association in California, sees tremendous shortages in the mental health field for two reasons. First, there is a new public recognition of the importance and widespread need for mental health services. "People from all social levels are seeking help," he contends. "Those in the prison system need special attention because many professionals believe mental illness is to blame for much of their behavior." Secondly, the interest in exploring that care has not drawn an increased number of people to the field. The top four professions in the mental health field are child psychiatrists (精神病学家), adult and child psychologists, marriage and family therapists, and substance abuse services.Supply Shy of DemandThe mental illness of prisoners should be taken special care of, so that ______. A. they can be released out of the prison earlier B. they will no longer hurt any other prisoners C. the public can recognize their importance D. much of their behavior can be prevented All levels of professional care, from public and private facilities to prisons and the welfare system, are competing for qualified personnel. With shortages everywhere, all areas have a surplus of opportunities. Selix advises job seekers to explore marriage and family counseling, social work, psychiatry or bachelor-level work in counseling and nursing. All are related but very different in scope. Of course, shortages are the greatest in fields where more education is required."Mental health work is not the highest paying field, but it’s among the most satisfying," he contends. "People don’t retire; they work late because they enjoy what they are doing―helping another human being to overcome a problem. "If candidates are willing to work in the public community stage of mental health, there are allowance programs available from colleges and universities."I would encourage passionate people to ’ go for it’ because of the amount of job choices available," he declares. "It’s a growing field and the demand for staff is much larger than the current supply. "Nancy Kincald, spokeswoman for the California Department of Mental Health agrees. "We’re always recruiting qualified people," she reports. "But I don’t think that is exclusive to mental health; all trades including nursing and law enforcement are having difficulties. Seventy-six million baby boomers are marching toward retirement and that is a huge wave of the workforce to replace. "Generations ApartIt’s been more difficult to recruit into the social services, she adds, because a generation of young people believes the push is toward college and a future that is more financially secure."This philosophy is so different from the 1960s," she observes. "Young people were motivated to help others because of President Kennedy and the Peace Corps and other philosophies. But that’s not in the middle of today’s radar screen."I think young people today want to carry a briefcase and work for Google. "However, for those looking for a meaningful career in the mental health field, there is a fast track to a good paying job without years of schooling. The Mental Health Department has been working closely with community colleges to bring people into the system.Cuesta College, for example, offers a psychiatric technical program where students attend classroom instruction and gain hands-on experience at the Atascadero State hospital."We help graduates of the program to get their state license so they can begin working in the hospital," Kincaid explains. " These technicians work as a treatment team alongside nurses and physicians to help with mentally ill patient evaluation and treatment. Students could be hired to work as a state employee in the hospital while they are in the program. "The best place to investigate careers in the mental health field, she advises, is a career counselor’s office at your local community college. Job shadowing is one of the best ways to learn what a day in the life of a psychiatric technician is really like.Kincaid sums it up as a very rewarding challenge. "When I speak with staff in the mental hospitals, they tell me the work is not easy because people are in crisis. However, they also tell me the most rewarding part of the job is to be part of a treatment that turns someone’s life around.

We shall fully know that a ship in a seaway will follow six separate and distinct motions. What's the motion in this picture?A. Pitch.B. Surge.C. Roll.D. Heave.

按要求完成句子。(1)按要求完成句子。(2)按要求完成句子。(3)按要求完成句子。(4)按要求完成句子。