In today's headlines, Scotland's transport minister has warned of potentially extreme weather conditions as heavy snow is forecast across the country later this week. Orange warnings are in force for many areas for Wednesday and Thursday. The transport minister advised people in parts of Scotland covered by the orange alert to avoid travel on Wednesday. The head of road policing said, "I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads for their journeys. Drivers should make sure they're prepared for their journey with warm clothing, food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone."Q: What were people in parts of Scotland advised to do?听音频并回答音频中的问题A、Watch the weather forecast.B、Evacuate the area with the orange alert.C、Avoid travel on Wednesday.D、Prepare enough food and drink.

For a moment nothing happened. Then ________ all shouting together.. A、 voices had comeB、 came voicesC、 voices would comeD、 did voices come

We（ ）you more help, but we're very busy.A. should giveB. should have givenC. should be givenD. should be giving

2003年Directions:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)________Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and“logos”the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)________Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)________Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)________________________________This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)________________________________________________________________________精美译文：人类无时无地不在探究他们所居住的这个世界，并且惊叹于他们所处的地方。人类有思想、有创造性，而且具有难以满足的求知欲。________________________因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的广泛性与多样性进行研究，是至关重要的。我们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共存。“人类学”一词起源于希腊语anthropos（人类）和logos（对于…的研究）。顾名思义，人类学包含了对全人类的研究。人类学属于社会科学。________________________社会科学包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学等学科。社会学的每一学科都包含一门与人类学密切相关的分支或专业。一切社会科学都以研究人类为核心。人类学是一门以实地考查为导向的学科，在研究中需要广泛地运用比较法。________________________人类学的研究在很大程度上取决于文化观念。爱德华•泰勒先生提出的文化概念是十九世纪杰出的理论成就之一。________________________________________________________这一概念虽然简洁，但却含义深刻，它为认识和理解人类生活开创了一条崭新的道路。泰勒关于文化的定义暗示出这样一个概念，即文化是后天习得的、与他人共享的和形成固定模式的行为。________________________________________________________________________________________题目解析：(61)________结构分析：________________________________________________________________________________________________词义推敲：furthermore：而且，此外modify the environment in which they live：改变他们的生存/所居住环境modify：to change in form or character; alter变更，在形式或特征上改变，修改they：指代“humans”subjecting all other life forms to让所有其它形态的生命服从……other life forms = other forms of life其它形式的生命peculiar：独特的，特有的fancy：imagination, especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature想象，尤指有异想天开或空想的特性的，喜好参考译文：（而且/另外/并且/更进一步来说/甚至/不仅如此/此外），人类还有能力（改变/改善/改进/改造）自己的生存环境，从而使所有（其它形态的生命/其他生命形式/其他生命形态/其他形式的生命）（服从于/承受/都符合/按照……来改变/将……进行改造/与……一致/适应）人类自己独特的想法和想像。得分重点：定语从句，固定短语(62)________结构分析：62)主句Social science / is / that branch of / intellectual enquiry /定语从句which / seeks to / study / humans and their endeavors /方式状语in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner /定语从句that natural scientists / use /目的状语for the study of / natural phenomena.词义推敲：Social science社会科学intellectual enquiry知识探究enquiry = inquiry：探究，探索seek to：试图，设法humans and their endeavors人类及其行为endeavor：努力in…manner以……方式，用……方法reasoned理性的orderly有序的dispassioned冷静的natural phenomena自然现象参考译文：社会科学是知识探索/探究/探寻的一个分支，它力图/试图/致力于/寻求像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的/推理的、有序的/有规律的/有条理的/有秩序的、系统的和冷静的/客观的/不受情绪影响的）（方式/方法）研究人类及其行为。得分重点：定语从句(63)________结构分析：63)主语The emphasis on / data /后置定语gathered first-hand, / combined with / a cross-cultural perspective / brought to / the analysis of / cultures / past and present, /谓语makes / this study / a前置定语unique and distinctly important social science.词义推敲：The emphasis对……的强调，对……的重视data gathered first-hand搜集的第一手资料first-hand：直接地，第一手地combined with加上a cross-cultural perspective跨文化视角参考译文：（强调/注重/重视/对于……重视/对于……强调）（搜集/采集/收集）第一手（资料/数据），（加上/结合/连同）在分析（过去和现在的文化（形态）/古今文化/过去和现在的文化现象）时采用（跨文化/文化交汇/交叉文化）（视角/视点/观察），使这一研究成为一门（独特/独一无二/与众不同）并且（非常重要的/极为重要的/特别重要的/有特殊重要性的）社会科学。得分重点：多重定语结构(64)________________________________结构分析：64)主句Tylor / defined culture as /直接引语"...引语的主句that complex whole /定语从句which / includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, / and any other capabilities / and habits /后置定语acquired by man / as a member of society."词义推敲：Tylor人名，按照音译“泰勒”。defined culture as将文化定义为that complex whole一个复合体which：指代“whole”，译作“它”。morals道德acquire：取得，获得man as a member of society人作为社会成员/作为社会成员的人参考译文：泰勒（把文化定义为/为文化下的定义是/是这样定义文化的）“……一个（复合整体/复合体/综合体/集合体/统一体/复杂整体/组合体），（它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯/它包括（信仰/信念）、艺术、（道德/伦理）、法律、风俗（习惯）以及人作为社会成员所（获得/获取）的其它能力和习惯）。”得分重点：定语从句，后置定语(65)________________________________________________________________________结构分析：65)状语结构Thus, /主语多重定语the anthropological concept of / "culture," /插入结构举例like /多重定语the concept of / "set" / in mathematics, /谓语is / an abstract concept /定语从句which / makes倒装结构/ possible /前置定语immense amounts of / concrete research and understanding.is seen as：被动结构，可以翻译成主动结构——“把哪一方看成”the driving force驱动力参考译文：政府究竟是以（减少对技术经费的投入/牺牲技术作为代价）来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。得分重点：主语从句，并列结构，宾语从句，被动结构

Passage Two（题干） Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted？ Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.” Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career. At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. What does the author say is the problem with women？A.They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B.They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C.They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D.They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy？A.They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B.They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C.They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D.They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. What is important to a good leader？A. dominant personality. B.The ability to delegate. C.The courage to admit failure D.A strong sense of responsibility. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A.women tend to be easily satisfied B.men are generally more persuasive C.men tend to put their personal interests first D.women are much more ready to compromise What may hinder the future prospects of career women？A.Their unwillingness to say “no”. B.Their desire to be considered powerful. C.An underestimate of their own ability. D.A lack of courage to face challenges.

We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like "he went pale and begin to tremble" suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, "he opened his eyes wide" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese "surprise" can be described in a phrase like 'they stretched out their tongues!' Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. 【小题】(1) According to the passage, __________.A.we can hardly understand what people's gestures meanB.we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gesturesC.words can be better understood by older peopleD.gestures can be understood by most of the people while words can not【小题】(2) People's facial expressions may be misunderstood because __________.A.people of different ages may have different understandingB.people of different countries speak different languagesC.people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different wayD.people have different cultures【小题】(3) In the same culture, __________.A.people have different ability to understand and express feelingsB.people have the same understanding of somethingC.people never fail to understand each otherD.people are equally intelligent【小题】(4) From this passage, we can conclude __________.A.words are used as frequently as gesturesB.words are often found difficult to understandC.words and gestures are both used in expressing feelingsD.gestures are more efficiently used than words【小题】(5) The best title for this passage may be __________.A.Words and FeelingsB.Words, Gestures and FeelingsC.Gestures and FeelingsD.Culture and Understanding

Scientists are trying to find more ______ ways to make full use of solar energy.A. disrespectfulB. casualC. efficientD. punctual

In 1970, when I was 20, I got married and moved out of my parents' modest place into a housing project. Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to plague the projects. Some of my friends went to jail. Some were killed. My wife Verllen was 18 and nobody gave our marriage a chance. But we believed in each other and our faith made us strong. Q: What does the speaker say about the housing project?听音频并回答音频中的问题A、He moved out and divorced.B、It was plagued by drugs and gang violence.C、He lived there for 20 years.D、His parents would move into his new house.

According to the first paragraph, a contract of employment ________.A. must be a written oneB. could be in an oral formC. should be signed by a trade unionD. ought to be a workplace agreement

Tony Zhang teaches kungfu in San Francisco not only to ________ a living, but also to promote Chinese culture.A. takeB. makeC. breakD. bake