Marketing is all around us. We are surrounded by businesses, like Apple Computer Inc., that carry good products grown or manufactured and prepared for sale. We also see many businesses that offer services, benefits or satisfactions that improve the personal appearance, health, comfort, or peace of mind of their users. Some products are used to make services available, such as the tools an auto-mechanic uses in servicing a car. Marketing starts with people. Marketing businesses find out what customers want and work to supply those goods and services. Getting products from farms and factories to the people who will use them involves marketing at each step. Suppose a farmer recognizes the need for popcorn and decides to grow some. When the popcorn is harvested and ready for marketing, it may go to one of many places, depending on whether it is to be stored or used right away. Marketing occurs at each step: when the farmer sells it, for example, to a storage warehouse and when the warehouse in turn sells it to a supermarket or amusement park. Marketing occurs most obviously, perhaps, at the movie theater where patrons are greeted with the sight, sound, and aroma of freshly popped corn as they pass into the theater. The popcorn is a product. The movie theater where the popcorn was sold provides a service― the opportunity to see a movie. Other business marketing services include beauty salons, insurance agencies, driving schools, emergency care centers, and the telephone companies. Services are marketed as products. Services vary from other products in several ways. They are intangible and perishable. You cannot keep a plane flight, for example, nor can the airline gain income from an unsold seat. Services also vary in quality. One business-class flight may serve a hot meal while another offer only sandwiches. Finally services cannot be separated from the organization or person giving the service. You cannot buy a plane ride from a railroad. For these reasons, it is important that service businesses use marketing skills to find out what customers want and then supply it. Marketing involves many special activities. Among them are marketing research, product planning, advertising, and selling. These activities and others make up the world of marketing―a world of people, product, action and ideas. Thus, marketers respond to the needs of people. To prove the statement "Marketing is all around us", we need only take a quick imaginary tour of your community. Your first glimpse of marketing on our imaginary tour may be a store that sells food. It could be a small grocery store on the corner of your block, or it could be a large supermarket. Of course, these are not the only places that sell food. There are also meat markets, bakeries and if you live in the country, roadside fruit stands. Some stores feature one special kind of food such as health foods, cheeses, or barbecued chicken. As we continue our tour, you may see at least one department store and stores specializing in things such as shoes, jewelry, sporting goods, furniture, stationery, and flowers. You may also see businesses that sell both goods and services. Many service stations, for example, sell not only gasoline, oil, and other goods but also lubrication and repair services. And you will surely come across restaurants and snack bars that provide food and food service such as Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger King. The businesses where you and your family buy goods and services are known as retail stores or retailers. A retailer is a business that sells goods and services to the people who use them. But marketing consists of more than the retail businesses found in all communities. Marketing is also activities you cannot buy and the people who engage in them. Some of these activities are promoting, pricing and distributing all the activities that help put the goods and services you want and need into your hands. As you continue touring your community, the billboards on highways or streets may encourage you to "Try 7 Up" or "Disneyland". Large signs above retail stores and attractive displays in store windows invite you to stop. If you turn on your car radio, you are sure to hear the announcer tell you why you should buy a certain product. Drive back to town and you may see a new car-wash business, with a huge sign, "Grand Opening Today―Half Price", and many cars lined up to take advantage of the bargain. Pass a newsstand and you can buy many kinds of newspapers and magazines which contain a wide variety of advertising. Visit a computer store and a well-informed salesperson shows you how various computers work and answers your questions about them. Many forms of promotion are an essential part of marketing. On our trip through town you may see friends buying gasoline for their cars, or a student purchasing a book. These activities are business transactions. All business transactions involve the exchange of one thing for another. In modern societies a transaction involves the exchange of goods or services for money. The amount to be paid is its price. Many things influence prices including the number of suppliers, the number of customers, and the amount of the product available. People are involved in marketing in many ways. They may be salespeople in department stores, cashiers in supermarkets, ticket sellers in movie theaters, service-station attendants, real estate agents, florists, or automobile dealers. These people are directly involved in marketing. Many others who you may not see are also a part of marketing. This group includes receiving clerks in a large store, designers of window displays, artists preparing posters, copywriters preparing newspaper ads, and so on. Now let us try to define marketing. Although marketing is sometimes called "distribution", the terms actually have different meanings. Distribution is the total process of moving, handling and storing goods on the way from producers to consumers. Marketing, in contrast, is much broader. The American Marketing Association issued this definition after a year’s study: marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Note the wide range of this definition which includes the following major points. Marketing exists to create exchanges that satisfy the goals of individuals and organizations. To reach these goals, marketing begins with planning and follows through with pricing, promotion, and distribution. Ideas as well as goods and services are marketed. Non-profit organizations as well as profit-making ones employ the marketing process.Which of the following offers only service A．Bakeries.B．Department stores.C．Theaters.D．Kentucky Fried Chicken.
A local media report says that projects--------due to funding shortage will resume this year.A. accomplishedB. haltedC. inflictedD. utilized
二、 阅读理解（共 4 题）11. At the beginning of the century there was a big farm called Hollywood Ranch. It was near LosAngeles in California. A few years later Hollywood was one of the famous places of the world.From 1910s to the 1950s Hollywood was the film center of the world. Every family knew thenames of its film stars Charlie Chaplin, Grete Garbo, Bergman and hundreds more.The reason why people went to Hollywood to make films was the sun. At first people madefilms in New York on the east coast of the United States. But then they heard about LosAngeles where there are 350 days of sun every year. As they made all the films by sunlight,the west coast was a much better place to work.Also near Hollywood you can find mountains and sea and desert. They did not have to travelfar to make any kind o filmWhen TV became popular in the 1960s, Hollywood started making films for television. Thenin 1970s they discovered people still went to cinema to see big expensive films. After twentyyears they are still making films in Hollywood and people watch them all over the world.【1】Hollywood used to be a .A.cinema B.big farmC.park D.market【2】Who was not mentioned as a film star in the passage?A.Charlie Chaplin. B.Marilyn MonroeC.Ingrid Bergman D.Greta Garbo.【3】People went to Hollywood to make films because .A.it was a beautiful place B.you could find many film starsC.there was a lot of sunlight there D.it was a famous place【4】Which statement is true?A.The west coast was a better place to make films.B.There are no mountains near Hollywood.C.People no longer went to the cinema after television became popular.D.Hollywood began to make films for television before the First World War. 12. Coca-Cola has created a publicity stunt (作秀) in Singapore — a vending machine (自动售货机) which gives out free cans of Coke in return for (作为对…回报) hugs. Thewhackyidea is partof the company’s Open Haziness campaign (运动) designed to attract young people in Singapore.Students at the National University of Singapore were surprised to find that the soft drinkscompany had placed the machine in the schoolyard. But instead of the drinks brand’s logo (标志), the words “Hug Me” are written across its red-and-white logo. Instead of paying money,customers have to hug the drinks machine to receive a free can of Coke.Public displays of affection are uncommon and have long been discouraged in Singapore, butare on the rise among young people. The move is part of a campaign created by advertisingfirm Ogilvy & Mather, intended to let the youth to see the brand as a non-threatening (无威胁的) friend.Leonardo O’Grady, leader of the campaign, said, “Happiness is contagious ( 传染的). TheCoca-Cola Hug Machine is a single idea to spread some happiness. We want to spreadhappiness in an unexpected, creative way to attract not only the people present, but theaudience at large.”He hopes that it will encourage consumers to bring positivity, optimism (乐观) and fun intotheir lives and to open a Coke, sharing a little happiness.The machines haw been such a success that there are plans to roll them out across Asia. Mr.O’Grady added, “The reaction was amazing — at one point we had four to five peoplehugging the machine at the same time as well as each other! In fact, there was a long line ofpeople looking to give hugs.”【1】The underlined word “whacky” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”.A.free B.strangeC.uncertain D.traditional【2】What was the purpose of the campaign?A.To help sell more Coca-Cola drinks.B.To display the famous logo of Coca-Cola.C.To tell the young Coca-Cola is their friend.D.To show Coca-Cola is especially generous. (慷慨的)【3】Leonardo O’Grady thinks that .A.the Coca-Cola Hug Machine is the best advertisementB.the Coca-Cola Hug Machine can spread happinessC.the Coca-Cola Hug Machine should be open only to the studentsD.people who enjoy the campaign would buy more Coca-Cola drinks【4】What can we infer from the passage?A.The campaign has achieved good results.B.The campaign has cost Coca-Cola much money.C.The Coca-Cola Hug Machines will be seen worldwide.D.Coca-Cola concentrates more on (更加关注) sharing happiness than on sales. 13. You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses (跌倒) on the sidewalk. Do you stopto help? In astudy of by-standers, it was found that some peopleavert their gazeand keep on walking ratherthan stop and get involved. “There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.” says apsychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into (进入) your mind often keep you from offeringhelp. In order to take action, you have to work against them.” Here are some commonthoughts that might prevent you from helping.◆ Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent ( 有能力的) person in thiscrowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offerassistance (帮助).◆ What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no onewants to risk looking foolish in front of others.◆ No one else looks concerned-this must not be a problem. We can follow the people aroundus, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.“If you spot (发现) trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop andevaluate the situation instead of walking on,” says the psychologist. “Then retry to involveother people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimesit’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, “It looks like we should dosomething.” Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one.Once you take action, most people will follow you.”【1】Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?A.I’m not the very person capable of setting the problem.B.It looks like we should do something.C.It can not be a problem as no one else is concerned.D.The doesn’t really need my help.【2】According to a study of by-standers, what will some people do when a man ahead fallsdown on the sidewalk?A.They will call for help and then walk away.B.They will stop and offer help.C.They will look in other direction and go on walking.D.They will risk laughing at the helper.【3】The undefined words “avert their gaze” in Paragraph 1 probably means .A.fix their eyes on (关注) somethingB.pay close attention to somethingC.stare at (盯着看) somethingD.turn their eyes away from something 14. Nearly all of us have a bad habit, whether we know it or not. Some people say they want to getrid of (去除) it but don’t know the proper ways. Here’s some advice on how to get rid of badhabits.Make a list. Write down all the reasons why you want to stop a certain behavior, how it’shurting you and why to get rid of it, this will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.Join in other activities. It’s wise of you to do something else when you want to stop your badhabit. If you get angry easily, for example, you can practice having a deep breath or going fora walk.Give yourself a present. Before you take action against a bad habit, decide what you’ll do tocelebrate it if you reach your goal.Keep off bad habits. If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house.If you are a heavy smoker with coffee, turn to tea and keep away from friends who likesmoking.Be patient. Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won’t be able to get rid of themquickly. In fact, people often give up several times before being successful, so you should bepatient.Find support. Don’t be afraid to ask for support from friends, family or other people who havethe same bad habits as you. When you talk to others, they might be able to provide advice orencouragement that you usually wouldn’t get from yourself.【1】The writer gives us pieces of advice in the passage.A.four B.fiveC.six D.seven【2】If you want to lose weight, you should .A.drink more coffeeB.refuse the junk foodC.find support from friendsD.find a heavy smoker【3】Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?A.It’s not easy to get rid of bad habits in a short time.B.You can write down all the reasons for getting rid of bad habits.C.When talking to others, you can get what you can’t get from yourself.D.When you want to stop your bad habits, don’t do anything.【4】From the passage you can learn .A.how to get rid of bad habitsB.why we have some bad habitsC.what to do to have a bed habitD.where to find some support
Babies should sleep in their mother's bed until they are at least three years old.The controversial advice comes from a paediatrician（儿科专家）. The paediatrician found that two-day-old babies who dozed（打瞌睡） on their mother's chest slept better than those who （1） ____ （ place） in cots（幼儿床）. Sleeping alone makes （2） ____ harder for mother and child to bond and damages the development of the brain， （3） ____ （ lead） to bad behaviour as the child grows up，researchers fear. Dr Nils Bergman，at the University of Cape Town，South Africa，says that for ideal development，healthy newborns （4） ____ sleep on their mother's chest for the first few weeks.After that，they should stay in the mother's bed （5） ____ they are three or even four years old. Sixteen infants were studied while they slept on their mother's chest and in a cot by her bed.It （6） ____ （reveal） by monitoring that the baby's heart was under three times as （7） ____ （much） stress when he or she slept alone. Being in a cot also affected sleep，with the babies' brains less likely （8） ____ （make） the transition between two types of sleep called active and quiet. In the cots，only six out of the sixteen had any quiet sleep and its quality was far （9） ____ （ bad）. Making this transition is thought to be the key （10） ____ the normal development of the brain.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.-|||-16.A)Whether a country`s educational level is linked to women`s rights.-|||-B) Whether women`s rights are making good progress around the world-|||-C)Whether a country`s protection of women`s rights is related to its public health.-|||-D)Whether women`s rights are more often overlooked in less developed countries.-|||-17.A)Their people still have better health if women`s rights are respected.-|||-B)They must make efforts to increase women`s access to health care.-|||-C)Their people tend to attach importance to women`s rights.-|||-D)They need to invest more in hospital staff and facilities.-|||-18.A)Their link with a country`s public health-|||-B)Their potential impact on social progress.-|||-C)Their value to a country`s international image.-|||-D)Their positive effect on economic development.
Passage(1) (单选题)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.It is mainly based on a society's religion.B.It is interpreted differently in different times.C.It is a code of conduct based on laws and ethics.D.It is a moral principle to guide people's behavior.(2) (单选题)17.A.It may lead to misunderstanding despite good intentions.B.It assumes that human beings are all good-natured.C.It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.D.It fails to consider the complexity of human relationships.(3) (单选题)18.A.The golden rule is often in conflict with certain laws and ethical principles.B.The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.C.Failure to follow the golden rule may lead to violation of laws and ethics.D.Observing the golden rule is the first step to becoming a responsible citizen.(4) (单选题)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.Many of them find it rather difficult to manage.B.They have not seen as much diversity as desired.C.Many of them have an increasingly diversified staff.D.They have not quite grasped the concept of diversity.(5) (单选题)20.A.Initiatives to achieve diversity in large corporations.B.Advantages and disadvantages of a diversified team.C.People's attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.D.Innovative ideas and solutions resulting from diversity.(6) (单选题)21.A.People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.B.Employers attach great importance to their corporations’diversity.C.Employers differ, from employees in their perspectives on diversity.D.oubts about the practicability of diversity are gradually disappearing.(7) (单选题)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.Choosing the best time for signing a business contract.B.Changing one's form of communication from time to time.C.Laying equal stress on written and spoken communication.D.Using different forms of communication appropriately.(8) (单选题)23.A.They are regarded as seriously binding.B.They are seldom honored by business partners.C.They are taken as memos of understanding.D.They are to be confirmed in written form.(9) (单选题)24.A.It has reached the highest level of evolution.B.It places a high value on written contracts.C.It regards written contracts as unalterable.D.It has seen a decline in verbal agreements.(10) (单选题)25.A.Its details cannot be renegotiated.B.It has to be carried out to the letter.C.It strengthens business partnerships.D.Its terms may not be strictly binding.A. primary schoolB. high schoolC. college
Extremely open people are more ______ to paranoia and delusions because they may actually see reality differently. A open B ready C likely D prone
The trainer usually gives the animal a piece of candy or fruit_____.A. when it is hungryB. before it plays a trickC. when it starts to play a trickD. after it has done the trick
I became interested in exploring ideas triggered ____ by real events, through the medium of photography.
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The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for
1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription