题目

D In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history，the early postwar era，there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.Already today，less than forty years later，as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives，we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.People tend to be over trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority.Indeed，they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed，or that a computer may simply malfunction. Obviously，there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers，but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much part of good business as they were in pre­computer days.Maybe each computer should come with the following warning：for all the help this computer may provide，it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills. (1)．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To look back to the early days of computers. B．To explain what technical problems may occur with computers. C．To discourage unnecessary investment in computers. D．To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers. (2)．The author advises those dealing with computers to______. A．be reasonably skeptical about them B．check all their answers C．substitute them for basic thinking D．use them for business purposes only (3)．An “internal computer” is______. A．a computer used exclusively by one company for its own problem B．a person's store of knowledge and the ability to process it C．the most up­to­date­in­house computer a company can buy D．a computer from the post­war era which is very reliable (4)．The author suggests that the present­day problem with regard to computers is______. A．challenging B．dramatic C．psychological D．malfunctioning

D

In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history，the early postwar era，there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.Already today，less than forty years later，as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives，we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.People tend to be over trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority.Indeed，they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed，or that a computer may simply malfunction.

Obviously，there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers，but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much part of good business as they were in pre­computer days.Maybe each computer should come with the following warning：for all the help this computer may provide，it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

(1)．What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To look back to the early days of computers.

B．To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.

C．To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.

D．To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.

 (2)．The author advises those dealing with computers to______.

A．be reasonably skeptical about them

B．check all their answers

C．substitute them for basic thinking

D．use them for business purposes only

 (3)．An “internal computer” is______.

A．a computer used exclusively by one company for its own problem

B．a person's store of knowledge and the ability to process it

C．the most up­to­date­in­house computer a company can buy

D．a computer from the post­war era which is very reliable

 (4)．The author suggests that the present­day problem with regard to computers is______.

A．challenging 

B．dramatic

C．psychological 

D．malfunctioning

题目解答

答案

(1)解析：主旨题。纵观全文，作者批评了人们过去相信计算机这一现象，并且提倡人们应该多用自己内部的计算机(人脑)，由此可知D项是正确答案。

此题答案为：D

 (2)解析：细节题。文章倒数第二句提到，“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much part of good business as they were in pre­computer days”，由此可知，人们应对计算机持合理的怀疑态度，因此A项是正确答案。

此题答案为：A

 (3)解析：推理题。根据上下文判断，internal computer实际上指的是人脑具有存储信息并能对其进行处理的能力，因此B项是正确答案。

此题答案为：B

 (4)解析：推理题。psychological表示“心理的”。纵观全文，作者阐述了一种观点，就是人们越来越依赖计算机，认为计算机好像是不可能出错的，从而很少对计算机得出的结论进行检验；而这些都源于人们的看法，即属于心理范畴，因此C项是正确的答案。

此题答案为：C

解析

本题主要考查对文章主旨、细节以及推理能力的理解。解题思路如下：

  1. 对于第(1)题：
    • 首先通读全文，了解文章整体内容。文章开篇提到早期人们担心计算机会接管世界，接着指出如今人们面临的新问题是过度信任计算机且不愿质疑其权威性。
    • 然后分析各个选项，A选项“回顾计算机的早期时代”，文章虽提及早期，但这并非主要目的；B选项“解释计算机可能出现的技术问题”，文章重点不在技术问题上；C选项“阻止不必要的计算机投资”，文中未提及此内容；D选项“警告人们不要对计算机持有精神上懒惰的态度”，与文章中人们过度依赖计算机、缺乏质疑精神相契合，所以D选项正确。
  2. 对于第(2)题：
    • 定位到文章倒数第二句“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much part of good business as they were in pre - computer days”。
    • 这句话强调了质疑和常规的双重检查的重要性，意味着人们应该对计算机持合理的怀疑态度。A选项“对它们持合理的怀疑态度”符合文意；B选项“检查所有答案”，文中提到“Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers”，说明不需要检查所有答案；C选项“用它们替代基本思维”与文章中“it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills”相悖；D选项“仅用于商业目的”，文章未提及此限制，所以A选项正确。
  3. 对于第(3)题：
    • 根据文章“but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong”，这里的“internal computers”是与外部计算机相对的，结合常识可知，这里指的是人脑。
    • 人脑具有存储知识和处理信息的能力，B选项“一个人存储知识的能力以及处理这些知识的能力”符合这一含义；A选项“一家公司专门用于自身问题的计算机”、C选项“一家公司能买到的最先进的内部计算机”、D选项“战后非常可靠的计算机”都不符合“internal computers”的指代，所以B选项正确。
  4. 对于第(4)题：
    • 从文章整体来看，人们过度信任计算机，很少质疑其结果，这是一种心理上的依赖。
    • A选项“具有挑战性的”、B选项“戏剧性的”、D选项“故障的”都不能准确概括这种问题的本质，C选项“心理上的”符合文意，所以C选项正确。