The rise of multinational corporations （跨国公司），global marketing，new communications technologies，and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．Surprisingly，since modern PR was largely an American invention，the U．S．leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries．Ten years ago，for example，the world"s top five public relations agencies were American-owned．In 1991，only one was．The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative．A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate （公司的） planning activities，compared to about one-third of U．S．companies．It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？First，Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs．Knowledge of world geography，for example，has never been strong in this country．Secondly，Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts （相对应的人） in knowing a second language．Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall"s U．S．employees know two languages．Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage．Conversely，some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language．Finally，people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs．In the financial PR area，for instance，most Americans read the Wall Street Journal．Overseas，their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist，publications not often read in this country．Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）．Turner recently announced that the word"foreign"would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts．According to Turner，global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign．88．According to the passage，U．S．leadership in public relations is being threatened because ____ A．an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB．shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesC．the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U．S．D．increased efforts of other countries in public relations89．London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ____ ．A．British companies are more ambitious than U．S．companiesB．British companies place more importance on PR than U．S．companiesC．British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesD．Four of the world"s top public relations agencies are British-owned90．We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ____ ．A．speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB．are ignorant about world geographyC．are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsD．enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications91．What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN？ ____ A．American PR companies should be more internationally-minded．B．The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies．C．People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages．D．People involved in PR should avoid using the word"foreign"．

The little ______ most of us carry around are so powerful that they change not only what we do but also who we are.A. toolsB. instrumentsC. devicesD. equipments

C "Fast-food companies must be a thick-skinned bunch." Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy. Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such “trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as 1 menus and cheap combination meals. But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back. Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not fire. Last year Burger King franchisees(特许经营人) sued(起诉) the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for 1 when they cost 1.10 to make. Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice(引诱) consumers away from 1 specials. KFC, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around 5. And in May Burger King introduced barbecue pork ribs at 7 for eight.1. In paragraph 2, "Traffic was boosted in America" probably refers to the idea that _____.A: Transportation firms gained considerable profits.B: The number of customers for fast-food firms increased visibly.C: American's public transport system was improved consistently.D: Fast-food firms made a lot of money by selling high-price items.2. In severe recessions, Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr. _____.A: suffered great negative impacts of economic declineB: increased their spending on advertising by more than 7%C: used McDonald's over its double-cheeseburger promotionD: had great advantages compared with their global giant competitors3. What can we learn from the passage?A: Burger King will continue to use its low-price strategies.B: Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.C: Many people eat out more often to save money in times of recession.D: During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.4. We can probably read this passage in _____.A: a research reportB: a traffic magazineC: a promotional planD: a commercial advertisement

Part II Reading Comprchension 30%,2%×15)-|||-Direction: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions.For each of-|||-them there are four choices marked A.,B.,C.,and D..You should decide which ONE is the best answer.-|||-Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer card with a pencll.-|||-Passage One-|||-Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:-|||-Air is all around you.You cannot see it,smell it,or taste it,but you can feel the wind blow You-|||-can see the wind move waves on the water,clouds in the sky,and tree branches.Wind is moving air.-|||-Without air you could not breathe.There could be no living plants or animals. Because sound-|||-travel through air,without air there would be silence,the movement of invisible air can support a-|||-large heavy airplane.Air makes up a precious blanket of atmosphere wrapped around the earth-|||-Beyond this blanket lies airless space,men must carry their own air supplies to be able to live and-|||-work when they travel in spaceships through this airless spacc.-|||-Air is a mixture of gases and water vapor.The most important gases in the air are nitrogen and-|||-orygen.About 78 percent of the air is made up of nitrogen and about 21 percent of orygen.The-|||-remaining one percent is mostly argon (盆),plus very tiny amounts of some other gases.Almost all-|||-living things use the oxygen in air.Fire cannot buru without oxygen.-|||-21.You can feel the air when it __-|||-A.is still B.is around you-|||-C.moves D.keeps quiet-|||-22.You_ __ sound if there is no air.-|||-A.can hear B.can`t hear any-|||-C.can make D.are still able to hear-|||-23.All air around the earth is called __-|||-A.atmosphere B.blanket-|||-C.space D.air supplies-|||-24.Living things depend mostly on the __ air.-|||-A. uitrogen B.argon-|||-C.hydrogen D.oxygen-|||-说明:1.试题间不留答题空间,不得超出边框:-|||-2.,学生作答时,所有答案均按蹊号顺序写在答题纸上:-|||-算10 18页

Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small （6） ______ （carrot） and was about to throw them away．But something made her look closer，and she noticed a（57） ______ （shine） object．Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring． Pahlsson screamed（58） ______ loudly that her daughter came running from the house．"she thought I had hurt（59） ______ （I），"says Pahlsson． Sixteen years（60） ______ （early），Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring（61） ______ （cook）a meal．When she wanted to put the ring back on later，it was gone．She suspected that one of her three daughters-then ten，eight，and six-had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn't．Pahlsson and her husband（62） ______ （search） the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing．"I gave up hope of finding my ring again，"she says．She never replaced it． Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got（63） ______ （sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，（64） ______ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it．For Pahlsson，its return was（65） ______ wonder． (1) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (2) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (3) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (4) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (5) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (6) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (7) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (8) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (9) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J (10) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I. I J. J

A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to_____together in research activities.A. involveB. specializeC. participateD. const

Satellites Forecast the WeatherNow satellites are helping to forecast (预报) the weather.They are in space,and they can reach any part of the world. The 1.__________take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成).They send these pictures to the 2.station.So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will change. Today,nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can 3.__________satellite pictures.4.__________they receive the new pictures,they compare (比较) them with the earlier ones.Perhaps they may find that the clouds have 5.__________during the last few hours.This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change,too.In their next weather 6.__________,they can tell people about it.So the weather satellites are of a great 7.__________to the scientists at the station.In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours 8. ________.Now they can make good forecasts for three 9.__________five days. Soon,perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather 10.__________a week or more ahead.

Molly had fought and ___ her fear of flying.A. overcomeB. hitC. sweepD. moderate

Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct form of the words given in brackets.1. Unfortunatel, there are many boaters on the water having great difficulty____ their boats.(dock)2. Several projects are already underway and many more are in their phases.(prepare)3. He said he____ a debt of gratitude to his father, who described his son as a clever, open and positive young man.(owe)4. The journey (soul) took about two and a half days, but this time, due to the wet weather, it would take over three.(normal)5. A robot capable of____ human movements using a 5G network was displayed at the opening ceremony.(simulation)6. A football match was temporarily____ because of smoke from wildfires in the rainforest nearby.(halt)7. During the 26-minute flight, the plane____ to a height of about 300 meters and made a number of routine tests.(ascend)8. The goal of any doctor should be how to best help a patient while____ as little pain as possible.(inflection)

Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable(音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to sneak phonics teaching materials into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong. The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were proficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam. America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol-sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch), known as phonics. Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of a cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by the EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix called “balanced literacy”. This combination of methods is ineffective. “You can't sprinkle in a little phonics,” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reading at Mississippi's education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.” Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once notorious for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013. Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains. Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 29th on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam. In 2019 it was the only state to improve its scores. For the first time since measurement began, Mississippi's pupils are now average readers, a remarkable achievement in such a poor state. Mississippi's success is attributed to implementing reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 Congress requested the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Department of Education to convene a National Reading Panel to end the “reading wars” and synthesize the evidence. The panel found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best. Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is a proficient reader, literacy seems like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis (潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms. 51. What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms?A) It is ill reputed.B) It is mostly misapplied.C) It is arbitrarily excluded.D) It is misrepresented. 52. What has America been witnessing for decades?A) An obsession with innovating teaching methodologies of reading.B) An enduring debate over the approach to teaching children to read.C) An increasing concern with many children's inadequacy in literacy.D) An ever-forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading. 53. Why does Tenette Smith think a combination of teaching methods is ineffective?A) Elementary school children will be frustrated when taught with several methods combined.B) Phonics has to be systematically applied and clearly taught to achieve the desired effect.C) Sprinkling in a little phonics deters the progress of even adequately motivated children.D) Balanced literacy fails to sustain children's interest in developing a good reading habit. 54. What does the author say Mississippi's success is attributed to?A) Convening a National Reading Panel to synthesize research evidence.B) Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.C) Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.D) Obtaining support from Congress to upgrade teaching methods. 55. What have advances in statistics and brain imaging proved ineffective?A) The teaching of symbol-sound relationships.C) Efforts to end the reading wars.B) Explicit instruction in phonemic awareness.D) The immersive approach.