设函数z=z(x,y)具有二阶连续偏导数, (partial^2z)/(partial x^2)=(partial^2z)/(partial y^2),且满足z(x,3x)=x², z'_(1)(x,3x)=x^3,则z''_(12)(x,3x)=()A. (5)/(4)x^2-(1)/(12)B. (5)/(4)x^2+(1)/(12)C. (4)/(5)x^2-(1)/(12)D. (4)/(5)x^2+(1)/(12)
A. $\frac{5}{4}x^{2}-\frac{1}{12}$
B. $\frac{5}{4}x^{2}+\frac{1}{12}$
C. $\frac{4}{5}x^{2}-\frac{1}{12}$
D. $\frac{4}{5}x^{2}+\frac{1}{12}$
题目解答
答案
解析
本题主要考查偏微分方程的条件应用和链式法则的综合运用。关键点在于:
- 利用已知条件构造方程:通过将函数沿曲线$y=3x$代入,结合链式法则对条件求导,建立关于偏导数的方程。
- 联立方程求解:结合题目给出的$\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x^{2}}=\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial y^{2}}$,联立多个方程,消元求解混合二阶偏导数$z_{xy}$。
步骤1:求$z_y(x,3x)$
已知$z(x,3x)=x^2$,对$x$求导得:
$z_x \cdot \frac{\partial x}{\partial x} + z_y \cdot \frac{\partial y}{\partial x} = 2x \implies z_x + 3z_y = 2x.$
代入$z_x(x,3x)=x^3$,解得:
$z_y = \frac{2x - x^3}{3}.$
步骤2:对$z_x(x,3x)=x^3$求导
对$x$求导得:
$z_{xx} \cdot \frac{\partial x}{\partial x} + z_{xy} \cdot \frac{\partial y}{\partial x} = 3x^2 \implies z_{xx} + 3z_{xy} = 3x^2.$
步骤3:对$z_y(x,3x)=\frac{2x - x^3}{3}$求导
对$x$求导得:
$z_{yx} \cdot \frac{\partial x}{\partial x} + z_{yy} \cdot \frac{\partial y}{\partial x} = \frac{2 - 3x^2}{3} \implies z_{yx} + 3z_{yy} = \frac{2 - 3x^2}{3}.$
由$\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x^{2}}=\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial y^{2}}$,即$z_{yy}=z_{xx}$,代入得:
$z_{xy} + 3z_{xx} = \frac{2 - 3x^2}{3}.$
步骤4:联立方程组
联立:
$\begin{cases}z_{xx} + 3z_{xy} = 3x^2 \\z_{xy} + 3z_{xx} = \frac{2 - 3x^2}{3}\end{cases}$
将第一式乘以3,减去第二式:
$8z_{xy} = \frac{30x^2 - 2}{3} \implies z_{xy} = \frac{5}{4}x^2 - \frac{1}{12}.$