34)Both sides of the negotiation should create conditions for the peaceful resolution of the issue, and _ from taking actions that would complicate the situation.A. refrainB. reflectC. far
Many years ago, I bumped into an old friend of mine. He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad. I thought of his dogged (顽强的) perseverance. Was it smart or foolish? What could he have achieved? Had he quit his dream of acting and moved on? Our culture does not look kindly upon quitting. Failure is perfectly acceptable as long as it eventually results in success. We chant (反复喊着) “Winners never quit” and “If at first you don’t succeed, try again. ” We lap up (欣然接受) stories of persistence, of the author who submitted stories for years before her novels were published or of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics. Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published. For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (无数的) others who trained every day of their lives and never made the cut. We all agree that doing the same things and expecting a different result is unwise. So why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good idea? We consider quitting in the face of failure to be weak. We believe that perseverance is the key to success. Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success. Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you “believe”. But not everyone can make it. Quitting when you’ re not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do. Obviously, if you enjoy a pursuit, regardless of its outcome, you should continue. If you knew your novel would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still train? Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else. Failure is not always the path to success. Sometimes, failure is the door to something new.【小题1】What do we know about the author’s old friend?A．He was dissatisfied with his acting performance.B．He switched his dream of acting to something else.C．He failed in acting because of a lack of persistence.D．He failed in all attempts to become a successful actor.【小题2】The author mentioned JK Rowling mainly to ______.A．explain how she achieved success in writingB．show that success doesn’t happen to everyoneC．prove that success favors those who are perseverantD．encourage readers to hold onto their dream until they succeed【小题3】What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in paragraph 4?A．Made out of their dreams.B．Met the required standard.C．Improved their performances.D．Promised to be good players.【小题4】What does the author advise us to do if we’ve failed many times?A．Make an effort to try new things.B．Stick to your goal until we succeed.C．Wait for the right time and good luck.D．Ask friends or family members for help.【小题5】What is the author’s attitude toward perseverance?A．It makes anything possible.B．It is not necessary for success.C．It is not the only part of success.D．It works well regards of outcome.
What do we think with only the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard, but not the whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, make proper connections, and send the messages through to their destination. For efficient service, the body must function as a whole. But where is the “mind”? Is it in the brain or perhaps in the nervous system? After all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not a thing, like a leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, twenty-three hundred years ago, observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the ax. When the ax is not in use, there is no cutting. So with the mind “Mind”, said Charles H. Woolbert “is what the body is doing.” If this activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. Observe how people go about the business of ordinary conversation. If you have never done this carefully, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost constantly in motion. Their heads are continually nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain. Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people, remember, are not making speeches. They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They are not conscious of movement. Their speech is not studies. They are just human creatures in a human environment, trying to adapt themselves to a social situation. Yet they converse, not only with oral language, but with visible actions that involve practically every muscle in the body. In short, because people really think all over, a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think. 1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Bodily Communication B．Spoken Language C．Bodily Actions D．Conversations 2．which of the following statements would the author agree which? A．Thinking is a social phenomenon. B．Thinking is solely a brain function. C．Thinking is a function of the nervous system. D．Thinking is the total sum of bodily activities. 3．In communication, it is essential not only to employ speech, but also ______. A．to speak directly to the other person. B．to use the variety of bodily movements. C．to be certain that the other person is listening. D．to pay great attention to the other person's behavior. 4．It can be inferred that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to ______. A．make the listener feel emotional B．make the speaker understood. C．intensify the speaker's spoken words. D．carry the speaker's implied meaning to the listener. 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The brain is compared to a telephone exchange. B．The mind is an activity of the nervous system. C．Some people remain still while talking to others. D．Many people move their bodies on purpose while talking.
As the manager of the company, he should feel ashamed for__ such irresponsible words.A. pursuingB. markingC. utteringD. forfeiting
3)New York ranked_in the production of apples,producing 850 million pounds this year.A. the secondB. secondC. the secondsD. a second
- -_people,if they were asked who first found America,would answer Columbus.A. Ninety-nine out of one hundredB. Ninth tenC. Nine toward tenD. Ninety-nitre percentage
The project's success will be evaluated in ______ of its impact on customer satisfaction.A. honorB. supportC. pursuitD. terms
She pursued a career in _______ because of her passion for storytelling and uncovering the truth. A. socialism B. communication C. service D. journalism
What does September 16 mark?A. The National Hispanic Heritage Day of America.B. The White House Day.C. The Independence Day of five South American countries.D. The Independence Day of Mexico.
七、Section B (总题数:1,分数:71.00)Essay -granding Software Officers Professors a Break [A] Imagine taking a college exam, and instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professoer a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with the exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. [B] Edx,the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Thnology(MIT) to offer courses on the Internet ,has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institutioons that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks. [C] The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of the automation education. Altough automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet provided widespread acceptance by educations and has many critics. [D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of Edx, predicted that the instant grading software would be a useful teaching tool,enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers . He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades.“Thers is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr.Agarwal said, “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.” [E] But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no matter for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman,has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human grades. [F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁) opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. [G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot ‘read’. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical (伦理)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.” [H] But EdX experts its software to be widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Geogetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools. [I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders 100 essay or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank. [J] Edx is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. there is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states — Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia — are using some form of the technology in second schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader”, to check the reliability of the human graders. [K] But the growing influence of the Edx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. [L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “it allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right, ” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera. [M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two 100,000 Prizes aimed at improving software that grades essay and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contents, Vik Paruchurt was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. [N] “One of our focus is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests”. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot of more time. [O] Mark D.Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology — though imperfect — has a place in educational settings. [P] With increasing large class, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. [Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine over could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.” (分数:71.00)(1).Some professors in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading.(分数:7.10) A. B. C. D. E. F. √ G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q.
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The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
Many people, including health professionals, hav assumed that e-cigarettes are-|||-safer than tradibonal egarettes, because e-core use heated liquid vapor(2汽)-|||-rather than burning tobacco leaves in a process that is likely to cause cancer.But-|||-safer" doesn`t mean "nsk-free Atroubling incr of acute lung disease among e--|||-cigarette users across 25 states makes us realize that there are still a lot of-|||-unknown health impheation of smoking e-cigattes.-|||-Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) took the unusual-|||-step of waming the public agalnst using any electronic cigarette devices until the-|||-agency concludes an investigation into the mystenous outbreak of lung disease.The-|||-CDC started a muln-state investgation i mid-August after receiving more than 150-|||-reports of senous respiratory distress (呼吸意迫)among e-cigarette users,many of-|||-them teenagers and young adults. Within a couple of weeks,dozens more cases-|||-were reported, including the death of one e-cigarette user in Illinois.-|||-Ultimately, It turns out that the outbreak of lung disease is caused by the illegal use of-|||-drugs in e-cigarette devices But even so,such a finding would not mean that users-|||-of commercial nicotine (尼古丁) e-cigarettes can breathe easter. There are some-|||-pretty unpleasant things floating in that liquid nicotine that may be harmful to our-|||-health.-|||-For longtime smokers,the danger of lung cancer may well outweigh the dangers of-|||-smoking e-cigarettes.But there s always the risk of breathing chemicals, and if-|||-there`s any good to come out of this lung disease outbreak, perhaps it will be to bnng-|||-that lesson home to teenagers and young adults considenng taking up the e-cigarette-|||-habit-|||-14.Why do most people assume e-orgarettes safer than-|||-traditional ones?-|||-OA.Because traditional eigarettes us cheap-|||-materials.-|||-OB. Because e-cigarettes use heated liquid vapor.-|||-C.Because tradinonal cigarettes con more-|||-chemicals.-|||-○D. Because e-ogarettes use processed tobacco-|||-leaves.-|||-15.What was the unusual step that CDC took last week?-|||-OA.Startng an investigation into the outbreak of lung-|||-disease.-|||-B.Concluding an investigation among the 150 e--|||-cigarette users.-|||-C.Reporting the research results of serious-|||-respiratory distress.-|||-O Waming the public against using any e-clgarette-|||-devices.-|||-16.What caused the outbreak of lung disease among e--|||-cigarette users?-|||-OA.The commercial liquid nicotin-|||-B.The unpleasant things floatin in Iiquid chemicals.-|||-○C.The frequent reuse of the same device.-|||-D.The illegal drugs in e-cagarette devices.-|||-17.Who are more likely to have the danger of lung cancer?-|||-OA.Adults using e-cigarettes.-|||-B.People with serious respiratory distress,
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for