_______, high pressure pipe and injectors need to be closely matched to provide optimum fuel injection. A The fuel injection pump B The fuel feed pump C The fuel transfer pump D The fuel booster pump

The heat picked up by these cooling fluids is transferred to _ in heat exchangers and thus rejected to the sea. ()A. oilB. sea waterC. waterD. fresh water

[单选] Two important considerations for the proper lubrication of a diesel engine include the delivery of the oil in sufficient amount and the （）。A. cetane numberB. pour pointC. viscosity temperatureD. quality of the oil

Most large, low-speed, main propulsion diesel engines use duplex lube oil strainer to （）decrease the time required between cleanings removes all large and small foreign objects ensure a positive flow of oil at all times ensure that all lube oil has been treated twice

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.46-50参考答案及解析:(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.考点:there be句型、定语从句、状语从句、词义选择结构分析:含有定语从句和状语从句的复合句。句子主干为:There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense. in the medical journals为介词短语作状语修饰主干内容,其中名词journals又带有一个由which引导的定语从句,which 指代nonsense, 而定语从句中又含有一个由when引导的状语从句,从句层层包裹,形成复合句,翻译时注意理清从句间的关系。[A] opposing views on it. [B]possible solutions to it. [C]its alarming impacts. [D]its major variations.Text 2A. new survey B. y Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform. C. m the media giant. D. 参考译文:医学期刊中由很多类似的无稽之谈,这些说法一旦被广播公司和新闻媒体报道,就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。 E. n required for the same post only 10 years ago. F. 考点:分词短语作定语、被动语态、比较结构 G. research post”为现在分词短语作定语修饰anyone,“that would have een required for the same post only 10 years ago”为定语从句修饰papers, “twice the number of…”为比较结构。 参考译文:如今,任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。 ttempts have een made to urb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. 考点:被动语态、插入语、介词短语作状语、词义选择、语序调整 ttempts have een made….其中,“to urb this tendency”和“by…”分别为不定式短语和介词短语作状语修饰句子主干内容。 参考译文:人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势,例如,将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中。 t were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. 考点:状语从句、虚拟语气、同位语从句 t scientists can…”为that引导的同位语从句解释说明fact内容。“arrange to cite ….“和”get associates to do so…“为动宾结构并列和前面名词scientists构成主谓宾结构。 参考译文:如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己,或者让同事为他们这样作以换取类似的好处,这将是合理的。 If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 考点:状语从句、宾语从句 t…其中,“if we are serious about…”为条件状语从句,“ensuring that …”为现在分词结构作介词宾语;“…that our institutions encourage that kind of science”为ensure引导的宾语从句。 参考译文:如果我们确实要保证我们的科学既有意义又可再生,那么我们必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学的进步。 Section Ⅲ Writing

Consumers may create "earned" media when they are____ The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media — such as television commercials and print advertisements — still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media — for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.A、obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B、inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C、eager to help their friends promote quality products.D、enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.

[单选] The figure that the volume of air at BDC is divided by the volume of air at TDC is termed as（）.A. ignition ratioB. power ratioC. compression ratioD. injection ratio

Just before _ fuel is injected into the cylinder by the fuel injector.A. TDCB. LDCC. EDCD. BDC

The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its ______.A. ignition qualityB. acid contentC. heating valueD. viscosity

Scavenging occurs as the incoming air sweeps out the exhaust gases, a process which is likely to be more effective in a/an _______, especially in cylinders of high stroke-to-bore ratios. A direct-scavenged B uniflow-scavenged C loop-scavenged D cross-scavenged

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