1. Doctors consider it their ____ duty to protect and save the lives of their patients.A. scaredB. secretC. scarceD. sacred

六、Section B (总题数:1,分数:71.00)Can societies be rich and green? [A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution. [B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm. [C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago. [D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread. [E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two. [F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible. [G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards. [H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them. [I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor. [J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt. [K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation. [L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner. [M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials. [N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world. [O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.(分数:71.00)(1).Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.(分数:7.10) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. √ J. K. L. M. N. O.

Investors need that the risk taken by the company is acceptable to them.A. insureB. assuranceC. insurance 1921D. assure

In recent years，there have been many films about robots trying to take over the world.Studies show that up to 20 million factory jobs worldwide could be taken by robots in the next 10 years.Some people are worried about what might happen in the future. On 8th September，2020，the Guardian printed an article written by a robot called GPT-3.It wrote that "robot" comes from the Greek word for "slave" （奴隶） and humans have nothing to fear from robots，which are only here to help humans.However，the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy.Where is the robot technology heading？Can robots and humans work together peacefully？ YES-they're here to help humans! Robots are created by humans for humans.Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves.Although robots might take some people's jobs，they will create new types of work，and they will possibly create more jobs than they take away.Besides，robots are not influenced by feelings，so they are more reliable than humans. NO-humans should not trust robots! Robots are already taking over the world.Jobs that used to be done by human beings are now being taken by robots.Although robots are under our control now，that might not always be the case.An experiment in Switzerland found that some robots had learnt how to lie to each other.With the development of AI （人工智能），robots could start to act in their own interests.Wherever possible，human should do things themselves. What's your opinion on this matter？（1）How do some people feel when learning that GPT-3 wrote an article to argue for robots？ ____ A.Excited.B.Proud.C.Angry.D.Nervous.（2）What is the advantage of robots for humans？ ____ A.Working with rich feelings.B.Acting in their own interests.C.Developing AI technology.D.oing unsafe work for humans.（3）What are some people worried about？ ____ A.Smart robots will take over the world in the next 10 years.B.Humans will create more new jobs than robots take away.C.Robots will be out of the control of humans in the future.D.More films about robots taking over the world will come out.（4）What's the best title for the passage？ ____ A.Will Robots Become More Creative？A.Will Roberts Become More Creative？B.Should Humans Believe in Robots？C.ould Robots Do more for Humans？D.Must Humans Do Things Themselves？

If we ________ early in the morning, we should reach the coast before dark．A. take offB. set offC. set upD. take up

阅读理解We know health is important in everyone's life. Here are some ways to keep healthy.•Eat a balanced diet. Eat a lot of fruit and vegetables, some grain(谷物)and a little meat.•Exercise twice or three times a week.•Get enough sleep. It is best to get eight hours' sleep a day.•Keep yourself busy. This is good because it stops you from having bad habits. To keep yourself busy, you can walk around the house, spend time with your pet, do sports, or has a hobby.•Go out and make friends. Spend time and have fun with them. Talk with them, but try not to talk about anything bad. You should stay with the people who are healthy.(1)How often should you exercise if you want to get health?A.Every day.B.Twice a day.C.Three times a month.D.Twice or three times a week.(2)How many hours do you need to sleep every day?A.Seven. B.Eight. C.Nine. D.Ten.(3)The underlined word "it" refers to(指)______.A.eating a balanced diet B.exercising more C.keeping yourself busy D.making friends(4)Which of the following is NOT true?A.We can eat a lot of meat to keep healthy.B.We need to exercise.C.It's good to make some friends.D.We can spend our free time doing sports.(5)What's the best title for this passage?A.Eating Habits B.Playing Sports C.Making Friends D.How to Get HealthA lot of people like taking a trip with no plans. They think it is very exciting and has more fun. But in fact, it is not good. Making vacation plans is very important.First, a vacation plan can make sure that everything goes well. If you visit a place but you don't book a hotel, you may have no place to stay at night.Second, you have lots of things to take with you for a vacation. You need to plan what things you have to buy and what things you need to put in bags. For example, you want to visit one place, but when you arrive at the airport(机场), you forget to bring your plane ticket! You may be late for the plane.Third, making a vacation plan can help you save a lot of money. No one wants to spend more money than they want to. If you surf the Internet before you go on a vacation, you may find some cheap plane tickets and hotel rooms.Next time when you go on a vacation, try to write down some plans. They can help you have more fun in your vacation.(1)The writer thinks that taking a trip with no plans is ______.A.interesting B.relaxing C.bad D.exciting(2)From this passage we can know it's very important to ______.A.make a vacation planB.take a trip by planeC.surf the InternetD.visit a place with more money(3)______ can make sure that everything goes well during the vacation.A.Bringing your plane ticketB.ooking a cheap hotel roomC.Taking many things with youD.Making a vacation plan(4)The underlined word "book" in the passage means "______" in Chinese.A.装修 B.预订 C.扩建 D.推荐(5)The passage mainly tells us ______.A.why we must make a vacation planB.it's important to have more funC.how we can make a vacation planD.what we must take during the vacationMost people work or study from Monday to Friday. The weekend is usually a time of rest. Today's Chinese teenagers can hardly rest during the weekend.According to a survey, 24% of the Grade 8 students in Beijing have classes at the weekend. Over 40% of the middle school students have less than eight hours' sleep each night because of study. And this isn't only in Beijing. Ji Chunying is a Grade 9 student in Guangzhou. The 14-year-old girl has to get up at 6:45 am on Saturday. Then she has a whole day of classes. On Sunday, she goes to extra classes for maths and physics. But Ji doesn't complain. She says her classmates all work very hard.However, some students are much luckier. They don't have to go to school on weekends. Ding Yi, a Grade 8 student from Jinan, Shandong, is one of them. And she's a top student. During the weekend, Ding usually gets up at 8 am. Then she spends some time doing homework. After that she is free to go shopping or watch TV.Ding said her mother once wanted her to try extra classes. But when they asked Ding's teacher about it, the teacher said it was unnecessary. "My teacher said I didn't need to push myself too much. Learning well at school is enough," Ding said. "I feel pretty lucky."(1)Over 40% of the middle school students have less than eight hours' sleep each night because of ______.A.playing computer games B.playing with friends C.busy study D.watching TV(2)How many students are mentioned in this passage?A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5(3)We can learn from the passage that ______.A.some middle school students can enjoy their weekendsB.all the students in China are busy studying on the weekendC.every student in China has to go to extra classes on the weekendD.all the students complain about their busy weekends(4)What does the underlined word "extra" mean in Chinese in this passage?A.额外的 B.非常的 C.特别的 D.特大的(5)The passage may be a ______.A.story of science B.school notice(通知) C.short play D.news report

47)Just as the letter says,please _ , as it will be difficult for you to see what is behind you.A. look backB. watch your backC. answer backD. keep your back

Hongyagu glass bridgeMain featuresthe world’s 1) ___________ and the most transparent glass bridgeOpening date2) ______________________Length3) ______________________Construction duration4) ______________________Width5) ______________________Material6) ________________glass panels which are four centimeters thickNumber of visitorsIt can support up to 7) ___________ people, but only 8) ___________ visitors are allowed to walk on it at the same time.

A ) indications B ) expressions C ) disturbances D ) evidence E ) conflicted F ) compromised G ) resolved H ) ensured l ) indicated J ) erodes K ) identify L ) justify M ) involved N ) exhausted O ) significant Stress sets off an alarm in the brain and the nervous system is aroused to sharpen the senses, quicken the pulse, deepen breathing and tense the muscles. Infrequent periods of stress pose little risk. But when stressful situations continue without being 11 ) _, the body is kept in a constantly active state , which increases the harm to biological systems . Finally, the body becomes 12 ) _ and its ability to repair and defend itself can be seriously 13 ) _ . As the body’s self-defense power 14 )__ away , the risk of injury or disease increases. In the past 20 years, many studies have 15 ) __the relationship between job stress and a variety of illnesses . Mood and sleep 16 )___ , upset stomach , and headache are examples of stress-related problems that are quick to develop and are commonly seen in these studies . These early 17 ) _ of job stress are usually easy to recognize . But the effects of job stress on chronic ( 慢性的 ) diseases are more difficult to 18 )___ because chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many factors other than stress. Nevertheless, 19) _ is rapidly increasing to suggest that stress plays a ( n ) 20 ) _ role in several types of chronic health problems - especially cardiovascular ( 心血管的 ) disease , and psychological disorders.

Next time you’re filling up the cavernous fuel tank of the gas-gulping family jalopy, imagine getting 230 miles per gallon. Better yet, how about never buying another gallon of gas After years o hope and hype, electron-powered driving finally appears to be on the verge of reality. In the next three years, at least a dozen pure electric or plug-in hybrid cars are slated to hit the market in the U. S. Electricity-driven vehicles from giants such as General Motors Co. and Nissan Motor Co., as well as start-ups like Fisker Automotive Inc. in Irvine, will provide consumers with a wide variety of choices. These new vehicles promise to combine blinding fuel efficiency, radical new technology and futuristic styling that makes the hybrid Toyota Prius look downright staid. Battery makers and automakers alike are tooling up factories to produce big volumes of electric vehicles. Meanwhile, power utilities and regulators are scrambling to figure out just how big the market will be. "This is happening and it’s happening soon," said Mark Duvall, director of electric transportation at the Electric Power Research Institute, an independent, nonprofit research group. "By the end of 2011, consumers will have more choices in vehicles they can plug in than they currently do for hybrids. ’ The electric vehicles will be arriving at a good time. With gasoline prices creeping up once again and federal regulations calling for huge fuel economy gains in the next half-decade, there’s increasing demand for cars that burn less fuel, make less noise and push automotive technology forward. In August, President Obama set a national goal o getting I million plug-in vehicles on the road by 2015. It took about twice as long to get a million hybrids rolling on U.S. streets and highways. But any new technology that involves high-voltage, exotic battery chemistries and 3,500-pound objects hurtling forward at high speed is bound to hit some potholes. Early adopters, experts say, will have to contend with charging infrastructure challenges and some pretty long waiting lists. And did we mention price Even the least expensive electric or plug-in car will cost more than 25,000, and most will come in closer to twice that. "There will be some real challenges at first," said Roland Hwang, vehicle policy director at the Natural Resources Defense Council. "These are going to cost more than conventional cars. The infrastructure is not going to take care of itself. These issues will determine whether this is a trickle or a massive flood." Restarting electrics Electric cars are hardly new. In fact, a century ago, around .the time of the dawn of the automobile, there were as many electric as gasoline-powered cars. But technological limitations eventually killed those early EV, and electric cars didn’t truly raise their heads again until the late 1990s. That’s when a smattering of electrics, including the much-lamented GM EV1, was made available in California as part of a government-mandated test program. Wildly popular among a select group of enthusiasts, they were officially declared unfeasible and unprofitable by automakers. Today, only a few hundred are still on the road, among them a Toyota RAV4 EV driven by Paul Scott, co-founder of electric vehicle activist group Plug In America. Nobody was happier than Scott when Tesla Motors Inc.. a San Carlos, Calif. , automaker, last year began selling its all-electric Roadster, a rocket of a two-seater that noiselessly goes from zero to 60 mph in less than four seconds. True, the Roadster costs 109,000. And it has a waiting list longer than Sunset Boulevard. But to people like Scott, its arrival signaled the coming of a new electric era. "This time electric cars are here to stay," said Scott, who envisions charging cars using solar power, making them essentially cost-free to operate. Tesla and other nimble start-ups have helped jump-start the industry. Now big automakers are getting their electric programs in gear. That’s no minor development considering the titanic capital costs involved in developing high-volume-production vehicles. For Ford Motor Co. , better batteries were key. Previous technologies were just too heavy and inefficient, said Nancy Gioia, the automaker’s director of global electrification. "They weren’t ready for mass production," she said.But in the last couple of years, huge improvements and new battery chemistries "opened the opportunity" for ambitious product plans, she said. Gioia predicts that as many as a quarter of new vehicles sold by 2020 will be electrics, plug-in hybrids or traditional hybrids. Challenges ahead Yet even the fiercest electric advocates admit that battery reliability still has room for improvement. Arthur Krieger, a retired police officer in Los Angeles, drives a Prius powered by a relatively small nickel metal hydride battery to assist the gasoline engine. Tile battery needed replacement after nine years on the road. That’s when Krieger got a nasty surprise: A new one would cost more than 4,800. "That cost will wipe out the entire cost savings of having a hybrid in the first place." Krieger said. The price would be even higher on an all-electric vehicle using the latest chemistry., lithium ion. Already widely used in cell phones, watches and laptops, those batteries have storage, charging and weight characteristics that make them superior to previous technologies―with premium prices to match. A replacement battery for a Tesla Roadster costs 30,000, and it can move the car only 200 or so miles before it needs to be recharged. That’s a 3.5-hour process on a high-powered charger, 30 hours on regular household current. Then there is the matter of exactly where to re-juice all those electrics. Some experts believe that public charging stations will be the best solution, either those put up by state and local governments or, perhaps, private for-profit companies. At present there is almost no such infrastructure. Building a nationwide network would cost tens of billions of dollars. That means most electric owners will be charging at home initially. Plugin hybrids, which primarily run on batteries but also have gasoline-powered engines to supplement range and power, can get by on standard household current. They’re ready to roll in five or six hours. All-electric cars, however, can take well over a day to charge unless owners invest thousands of dollars in home electrical upgrades. A rewarding experience For those willing (and able) to take the plunge, however, the rewards of owning electrified cars could include the financial kind. Thanks to a provision in last year’s 700-billion Wall Street bailout legislation, buyers of electric or plug-in hybrid cars can qualify for a tax credit of as much as 7,500. Routine maintenance could be a bargain too. Since these vehicles use simple electric motors rather than complex gasoline or diesel engines, as well as pared-down or in some cases nonexistent transmissions, they are far easier to service than conventional vehicles. There’s no oil to change, no radiator to flush. There are other perks as well. In California, electric vehicles still qualify for special stickers that permit their drivers to travel solo in the state’s carpool lanes. The stickers expire in 2011, but lawmakers are considering extending the privilege until 2016. It’s unclear whether plug-in hybrids will qualify. With all the excitement brewing over electric vehicles, it’s easy to forget that 98~ of the cars sold in America still have traditional drive trains. Simply put, the gasoline engine isn’t going to disappear overnight. Even the most vociferous boosters of plug-in vehicles admit that the greater range and lower cost of internal combustion-powered cars and trucks mean they’ll dominate vehicle sales for at least another decade or two. And for some applications, like hauling a trailer over the Rockies, they may never go away.According to Roland Hwang, we can infer that ______. A．The electric vehicles will take up the automotive market gradually.B．The electric vehicles will quit the automotive market gradually.C．The conventional car is better than the electric vehicles.D．The electric vehicles encounter some challenges.