【阅读理解】阅读文章选出正确的答案。　　It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.　　No longer, The Internet---and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government--funded research by restricting access to it---is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by john Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.　　The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market if estimated at between 7 billion and II billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.　　This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three ones were identified by the report's author. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer)for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where originations such as universities of international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.一、 In the first paragraph, the author discusses____. A、the background information of journal editing. B、the publication routine of laboratory reports. C、the relations of authors with journal publishers. D、the traditional process of journal publication. 二、 Which of the following is true of the OECD report? A、It criticizes government-funded research. B、It introduces an effective means of publication. C、It upsets profit-making journal publishers. D、It benefits scientific research considerably. 三、 According to the text, online publication is significant in that____. A、it provides an easier access to scientific results. B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers. C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge. D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research. 四、 With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper if required to____. A、cover the cost of its publication. B、subscribe to the journal publishing it. C、allow other online journals to use it freely. D、complete the peer-review before submission. 五、 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A、The Internet is posing a threat to publishers. B、A new modal of publication is emerging. C、Authors welcome the new channel for publication D、Publication is rendered easier by online service

[2015·高考湖南卷，(C)66~70] Directions: Read the following passage . The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D . Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. C 　　Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine having your entire house,garage,and yard inspected at any time-with no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living,and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had advance notice. 　　Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the keeper’s family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust. 　　Despite the serious nature of inspections,they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.At the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was baking. He never did. 　　One day,Glenn Furst’s mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn’s mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. “He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he steadied himself,he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened. (1) What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station? A. It was carried out once a year. B. It was often announced in advance. C. It was important for the keeper’s fame. D. It was focused on the garage and yard. (2) The family began making preparations immediately after 　　　　. A. one of the members saw the boat B. a warning call reached the lighthouse C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance (3) Mrs.Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would 　　　　. A. result in some fun B. speed up washing them C. make her home look tidy D. be a demand from the inspector (4) If the inspector had opened the oven door,he would have seen 　　　　. A. an empty pan B. many clean dishes C. pieces of baked bread D. a cloth covering something (5) The inspector waved his arms 　　　　. A. to try his best to keep steady B. to show his satisfaction with the floor C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn’s mother D. to express his intention to continue the inspection

I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson. The teacher told us to _______ ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect ! I recorded myself with ______. Then, I pressed “play” to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate ______ was to assume I was listening to someone else’s recording. But that was my voice. I ______ there was something strange about myself. My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my ______ has caused me to avoid attending events,______ ideas to myself and not to make important connections. As a shy person, I think working from home, hiding behind my computer was ______. But the more time I spent ______, the more my comfort zone shrank (缩小). Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became ______ awkward and uncomfortable. And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly ______ me like lightning. All speakers were confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter _______. But the ______ is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more_______. The world needs a mixture of _______. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and _______ my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life. Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a _______ for shy people like me to _______and _______ the process of helping others, I could also push myself _______, bit by bit. Now, I’m happy to tell people I feel shy. I’m not ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not _______. 【小题1】 A．absorb B．commit C．record D．focus 【小题2】 A．confidence B．anxiety C．intention D．respect 【小题3】 A．belief B．attitude C．measure D．reaction 【小题4】 A．argued B．sensed C．appreciated D．remarked 【小题5】 A．embarrassment B．timidness C．excitement D．tiredness 【小题6】 A．keep B．figure C．stick D．limit 【小题7】 A．important B．inspiring C．brilliant D．frightening 【小题8】 A．given away B．hidden away C．put away D．broken away 【小题9】 A．truly B．briefly C．exactly D．increasingly 【小题10】 A．lit B．fit C．hit D．beat 【小题11】 A．judgments B．voices C．disagreements D．responses 【小题12】 A．content B．defence C．issue D．desire 【小题13】 A．cheerful B．reliable C．guilty D．distant 【小题14】 A．permissions B．personalities C．professions D．profits 【小题15】 A．regret B．confirm C．embrace D．determine 【小题16】 A．statement B．community C．comment D．destination 【小题17】 A．shine B．drill C．harvest D．pause 【小题18】 A．for B．over C．in D．on 【小题19】 A．inward B．outward C．backward D．forward 【小题20】 A．mild B．fortunate C．discouraged D．alone

以下属于表语从句的是()。A. That's just what I want.B. This is where our problem lies.C. That is why he didn't come to the meeting.D. Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.

2.(单选题)Mr John has worked in that small town() he left Canada in 1998.A. whenB. afterC. forD. since

阅读单选根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Children's Games in Ancient ChinaUnlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves.(1)______. Let's take a brief look at them.Kicking stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.Playing hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease(逗)him.(2)______.Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite.(3)______. For example, the swallow-shaped kite is a well-known Beijing style.(4)______The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists control puppets behind the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music.Setting off fireworksFireworks have a history of more than 2,000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China.(5)______. After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joints. Fireworks are still set of during Chinese Spring Festival.A Watching shadow playsB. Each of them has a special styleC. Different materials are used to make the kiteD. Shadow plays were the popular entertainment in ancient timesE. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhoodF. To scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them explodeG. The other way is that one child must try to find those who have hidden awayStephen Hawking died at the age of 76 on March 14, 2018. Hawking is known as the most famous physicist(物理学家) after Einstein. Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on January 8, 1942. During his life, he married twice, and had three children. When he was a kid, Hawking went to school in St. Albans—a small city near London. Although he did well, he was never top of his class. After leaving high school, Hawking went first to Oxford University to study physics, and then he went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙). At the age of twenty, Hawking started noticing that something was wrong with him. Later, he went to the hospital and doctors said that he would die before he was 23. But Hawking didn't give up. In 1988, Hawking completed his book A Brief History of Time. In the book, he talked about many things, like the universe, the big bang(宇宙大爆炸) and the black hole.(1)At which university did Hawking study physics?A.Oxford University. B.St Albans University. C.ambridge University. D.London University.(2)Hawking first felt there was something wrong with his body when he was ___.A.21 B.22 C.12 D.20(3)Which of the following is NOT true?A.Hawking was a very famous physicist.B.Hawking married but didn’t have children.C.Hawking was born in Oxford, England in 1942.D.octors said Hawking would die before he was 23.(4)The passage is mainly about ________.A.Hawking’s lifeB.Hawking’s studyC.why Hawking got illD.how Hawking became famousMobile phones help us easily find people anywhere at any time. A mobile phone can include many things, such as games, music and Internet access (互联网接入). Today, 4.6 billion people around the world have mobile phones, according to CBS News. However, mobile phones may cause cancer, according to the World Health Organization. In a 2010 study, people who used a mobile phone for 10 years or more were more than twice as likely to get brain cancer, according to CNN. "I think it is a good idea to give the public some kind of warning that long﹣term exposure (暴露) to radiation (辐射) from your mobile phone could possibly cause cancer, " told Dr. Henry Lai. Lai is a scientist of bioengineering (生物工程) at the University of Washington who has studied radiation for more than 30 years. These suggestions may help you reduce your risk of cancer: 1.Use a headset (耳机) or speaker. Headsets give out much less radiation than phones. Some headsets give out low﹣level radiation. However, you should take the headset off your ear when you're not talking to anyone. Using your phone with a speaker will also make it safer. 2.Listen more, talk less. Your iphone gives out radiation when you talk or text, but not when you're listening or getting messages. Listening more and talking less can lower the risk of cancer. 3.Hold the phone away from your body. Hold the phone away from your body when you're talking, not against your ear.Also, don't keep it in your pocket. 4.Choose texting over talking. Phones, give out less radiation to send texts than to carry a person's voice. Texting also keeps radiation away from your head. 5.Poor signal? Stay off the phone. A poor signal means that the phone needs to give out more radiation to work. Make and take calls when your phone has a strong signal.(1)The study from 2010 showed that________.A.people should use mobile phones for no more than 10 yearsB.people who don't use mobile phones will not get brain cancerC.the longer people use mobile phones, the more likely they are to get brain cancerD.the more mobile phones people have, the more likely they are to get brain cancer.(2)Which is NOT true about the suggestions mentioned in the passage?________A.Some headsets don't give out radiation.B.It's not good to carry mobile phones in pockets.C.Texting is better than making phone calls.D.on't make calls when the signal is weak..(3)The passage mainly talks about________.A.the development and advantages of mobile phonesB.the reason why mobile phone radiation causes cancerC.the best ways to use mobile phones to communicateD.how to protect ourselves from mobile phone radiation.There are lots of dangerous and terrible insects in Northeastern India, but the tree﹣bees are the most terrible. They are killers. Unlike most bees which will sting (叮咬) you only if they are disturbed (打扰), tree﹣bees will attack you in thousands for no reason. And they will chase (追赶) you for your life. Walking along a dusty road while I was on holiday there last year. I found myself, without the least warning, the centre of such an attack. The air above me suddenly became thick with bees. Though it was hot, I went cold all over. Until then I had never heard of Indian tree﹣bees, but I had recently seen a film called "The Angry Swarm", which was about killer﹣bees. I began running to the village about half a mile away, but I was soon covered from head to foot with bees. I drove them away with my hands, only to make room for others. Each time I opened my mouth for breath, more bees entered my mouth, until it was stung to twice its usual size and I could hardly breathe. When I reached the village, I found some workers building a house. I ran towards them for help. But as soon as the workers saw the bees with me, they ran for safety at top speed. Soon my eyes had completely closed. I fell into a pile of brick dust. I pushed myself wildly down into it until my head and shoulders were covered. And then I tried hard to get out of the dust, the angry bees made a new attack on me. I was tired out and ran weakly about in circles. Soon I lost my consciousness (意识). Later I learned that two quick﹣minded villagers ran to a pile of dry grass and quickly surrounded (包围) me with a thick wall of fire and smoke until the bees were driven away. They stayed with me, taking stings out of my body for the next three hours until a doctor came and gave me further treatment.(1)What can we infer (推断) from the second paragraph?________A. The temperature went down at that time.B. The air suddenly became thick because of the dust.C. The writer knew Indian tree﹣bees were the most dangerous.D. The writer felt scared when he was surrounded by tree﹣bees..(2)In which order did the following things happen to the writer?________a. He tried to drive away the bees but failed. b. He was surrounded with a thick wall of fire and smoke. c. He was tired out and lost consciousness later. d. He watched a film named "The Angry Swarm". e. He was attacked by tree﹣bees while taking a walk.A. e﹣a﹣c﹣b﹣d B. d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b C. e﹣b﹣a﹣d﹣c D. d﹣e﹣a﹣b﹣c.(3)Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?________A. Tree﹣bees often attack people in large numbers.B. Tree﹣bees can be driven away by fire and smoke.C. Tree﹣bees do not give up easily when they attack people.D. Tree﹣bees will not attack people unless they are disturbed..

My daughter Allie is leaving for college in a week. Her room is piled with shopping bags filled with blankets, towels, jeans, sweaters. She won’t talk about going.I say, “I’m going to miss you,” and she gives me one of her looks and leaves the room. Another time I say, in a voice so friendly it surprises even me: “Do you think you’ll take your posters and pictures with you, or will you get new ones at college?”She answers, her voice filled with annoyance, “How should I know?”　My daughter is off with friends most of the time. Yesterday was the last day she’d have until Christmas with her friend Katharine, whom she’s known since kindergarten. Soon, it will be her last day with Sarah, Claire, Heather... and then it will be her last day with me.　My friend Karen told me, “The August before I left for college, I screamed at my mother the whole month. Be prepared.”　I stand in the kitchen, watching Allie make a glass of iced tea. Her face, once so open and trusting, is closed to me. I struggle to think of something to say to her, something meaningful and warm. I want her to know I’m excited about the college she has chosen, that I know the adventure of her life is just starting and that I am proud of her. But the look on her face is so mad that I think she might hit me if I open my mouth.　One night — after a long period of silence between us — I asked what I might have done or said to make her angry with me. She sighed and said, “Mom, you haven’t done anything. It’s fine.” It is fine — just distant.　Somehow in the past we had always found some way to connect. When Allie was a baby, I would go to the day-care center after work. I’d find a quiet spot and she would nurse — our eyes locked together, reconnecting with each other.　In middle school, when other mothers were already regretting the distant relationship they felt with their adolescent daughters, I hit upon a solution: rescue measures. I would show up occasionally at school, sign her out of class and take her somewhere — out to lunch, to the movies, once for a long walk on the beach. It may sound irresponsible, but it kept us close when other mothers and daughters were quarrelling. We talked about everything on those outings — outings we kept secret from family and friends.　When she started high school, I’d get up with her in the morning to make her a sandwich for lunch, and we’d silently drink a cup of tea together before the 6:40 bus came.　A couple of times during her senior year I went into her room at night, the light off, but before she went to sleep. I’d sit on the edge of her bed, and she’d tell me about problems: a teacher who lowered her grade because she was too shy to talk in class, a boy who teased her, a friend who had started smoking. Her voice, coming out of the darkness, was young and questioning.　A few days later I’d hear her on the phone, repeating some of the things I had said, things she had adopted for her own.　But now we are having two kinds of partings. I want to say good-bye in a romantic way. For example, we can go to lunch and lean across the table and say how much we will miss each other. I want smiles through tears, bittersweet moments of memory and the chance to offer some last bits of wisdom.But as she prepares to depart, Allie has hidden her feelings. When I reach to touch her arm, she pulls away. She turns down every invitation I extend. She lies on her bed, reading Emily Dickinson until I say I have always loved Emily Dickinson, and then she closes the book.Some say the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world. The more it will hurt, they say. A friend of mine who went through a difficult time with her daughter but now has become close to her again, tells me, “Your daughter will be back to you.” “I don’t know,” I say. I sometimes feel so angry that I want to go over and shake Allie. I want to say, “Talk to me — or you’re grounded!” I feel myself wanting to say that most horrible of all mother phrases: “Think of everything I’ve done for you.”Late one night, as I’m getting ready for bed she comes to the bathroom door and watches me brush my teeth. For a moment, I think I must be brushing my teeth in a way she doesn’t approve of. But then she says, “I want to read you something.” It’s a brochure from her college. “These are tips for parents.”I watch her face as she reads the advice aloud: “ ‘Don’t ask your child if she is homesick,’ it says. ‘She might feel bad the first few weeks, but don’t let it worry you. This is a natural time of transition. Write her letters and call her a lot. Send a package of candies...’ ”Her voice breaks, and she comes over to me and buries her head in my shoulder. I stroke her hair, lightly, afraid she’ll run if I say a word. We stand there together for long moments, swaying. Reconnecting.I know it will be hard again. It’s likely there will be a fight about something. But I am grateful to be standing in here at midnight, both of us tired and sad, toothpaste spread on my chin, holding tight to—while also letting go of—my daughter who is trying to say good-bye.1.Why is there a period of silence between the author and Allie one night?A. Allie is tired of the author’s suggestions.B. The author is angry with Allie’s rudeness.C. Allie is anxious about talking about leaving.D. The author is ready to adjust her way of parenting.2.How did the author deal with the possible distance with Allie when Allie was in middle school?A. She would chat with Allie till late at night.B. She would invite Allie and her friends home.C. She would visit Allie at school and take her out.D. She would communicate with Allie by telephone.3.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.A. Allie is emotional and only has a few good friendsB. the author is not satisfied with the college Allie has chosenC. there is a lack of communication between the author and AllieD. there are different attitudes to parting between the author and Allie4.What Allie reads to the author is__________.A. the tips to parents on how to educate their children B. the suggestion on how to deal with the generation gapC. the tips to parents on when they depart with their childrenD. the suggestion on how to ease the homesickness of children5.The author doesn’t say anything to Allie when they are standing together because_________.A. she can’t read Allie’s mindB. she is afraid that Allie will leaveC. she is too excited to speak a wordD. she doesn’t know how to speak to Allie6.From the underlined part in the last paragraph we can know that___________.A. the tie between the author and Allie is brokenB. Allie doesn’t need the author’s care any moreC. the author expects Allie to live an independent lifeD. the author will keep a close relationship with Allie as before

二、单项填空(本大题有15小题,每小题1分,共15分)-|||-在每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。-|||-31. __ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.-|||-A.The B.A C.An D./-|||-32.We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __ birthday.-|||-A.seventy B.the seventy-|||-C.the seventieth D.seventieth-|||-33.I think tea will taste better __ some milk in it.-|||-A.for B.with C.from D.at-|||-34.Fishing is one of __ activities among the middle-aged people.-|||-A.popular B.more popular-|||-C.most popular D.the most popular-|||-35.Nobody taught the old lady how to use WeChat.She learned it all by __ .-|||-A.she B.her C.herself D.hers-|||-36.Young people are encouraged to work hard __ their own dreams.-|||-A.achieve B.achieves C.to achieve D.achieved-|||-37.We should take care of the earth __ we can make a better world to-|||-live in.-|||-A.so that B.until C.even if D.while-|||-38.It is said that one Greater Bay Area university __ in Guangdong in the-|||-future.-|||-A.will be built B.builds C.will build D.is built-|||-39.A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much __ than the one with 4G.-|||-A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest-|||-40. __ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.-|||-A.What B.What a C.What an D.How-|||-41.My father __ in a panda protection center for 10 years,so he knows a lot-|||-about pandas.-|||-A.was working B.is working C.has worked D.will work-|||-42.Dirty air and water are harmful.They __ kill plants,and even people.-|||-A.can B.can`t C.should D.shouldn`t-|||-43. -Have you decided __ the Expo 2019 Beijing?-|||--This summer holiday.-|||-A.how are you going to B.how you are going to-|||-C.when are you going to D.when you are going to-|||-44.Not all children __ watch this video will become a scientist,but some-|||-may become interested in science.-|||-A.whom B.which C.who D.whose-|||-45.-The weather report says we will expect a sunny day tomorrow.-|||-__ I am going to go climbing with my classmates.-|||-A.Bad luck B.I hope so-|||-C.Sounds terrible D.I`m afraid so

四、语篇填空-|||-Laura Mills could never wake up early in the morning.She was always late-|||-1.__ work and her life was in a mess.-|||-One day,after getting up late again,Laura had a terrible day.She felt upset(烦-|||-11-|||-恼的)and 2. __ (decide)to make some changes.Then she came up with an-|||-dea.She bought an alarm clock for 3. __ (she).It could make a loud noise.-|||-Laura put her clock next to her bed.Every morning,when she heard the noise,she could wake up-|||-at once.However,a few days later,4. __ the alarm clock was still loud and clear,it didn't wake-|||-her up.A lazy voice in her head kept saying,"Don't get up and sleep some 5. __ (much)."-|||-So she turned over in bed and fell asleep anom Thisatheromouporgeme-|||-mportant meeting that morning.At that moment,she realized she must stop 6. __ (listen)to-|||-the lazy voice.She put the clock next 7. __ her pillow(枕头)and went to bed early that night.-|||-The next morning,she forced herself to get up as soon as the clock 8. __ (ring).-|||-From then on,she finished the things earlier and had time to do more things she liked.Her life-|||-changed 9. __ (complete).-|||-Do you have the same experience?Good 10. __ (habit)make a good life.All of us can-|||-have another voice calling us early in the morning,saying"Get up and greet(迎接)a wonderful new-|||-:! "-|||-That is the alarm clock in our mind!