【题文】Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.【小题1】The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ______.A．an academic aspectB．a business aspectC．a military aspectD．an international aspect【小题2】It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A．the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableB．some early intercontinental travelersC．those who earned a living from the seaD．the American Navy【小题3】The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.A．to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB．to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC．to measure the depths of the two oceansD．to estimate the length of cable that was needed【小题4】“Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “______”.A．doubtedB．challengedC．gave proof toD．agreed to【小题5】This passage is mainly about ______.A．the early intercontinental communicationsB．the laying of the first undersea cableC．the investigation of ocean depthsD．the beginnings of oceanography

“Family” is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family” in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one´s parents and starting one´s own life. The man´s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife´s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife´s parents nor the husband´s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen´s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl´s parents, that is, it was the parents´ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents´ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.1.What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word”?A.Different families have different ways of life.B.Different definitions could be given to the word.C.Different nations have different families.D.ifferent times produce different families.2.For an English family, the husband´s duty is ____.A.supporting the family while the wife is financialB.defending the family while the wife is running the homeC.financial while the wife is running the homeD.independent while the wife is dependent3.Everything is decided in a family ____.A.by the coupleB.with the help of their parentsC.by brothers and sistersD.with the help of aunts and uncles4.What is true concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?A.It is the best book on marriage.B.It is a handbook of marriage.C.It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.D.It provides a lot of information of formertime wealthy families.5.With regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former time girls in ____.A.the right marry B.more parental supportC.choosing husbands D.social position

Do you know that in some parts of the world，people build temporary hotels made of snow and blocks of ice？These are known as ice hotels. Unlike usual hotels，all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice.In some ice hotels，even the glasses for drinks are made of ice blocks.So they only serve cold drinks.Also，hot food is not served in the ice hotels，but guests can eat hot food at places nearby. To keep warm，guests sleep in comfortable sleeping bags on ice blocks that are covered by mattresses and reindeer skins. There are some places in the ice hotels that are heated，such as the bathrooms.This is because，even though it is not as cold in the ice hotels as it is outdoors，indoor temperatures are still very low. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year.They can be used only during the winter months.The ice hotels melt away when spring arrives.The ice blocks used to build these hotels are from nearby rivers.So，when the ice hotels melt away，they melt back into the rivers.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。（1）According to the passage，ice hotels ____ .A.are found everywhereB.do business in summerC.are made of glassD.are made of snow and ice（2）Which of the following about the ice hotels is true ？ ____ A. They are just like usual hotels.B. The glasses for drinks are made of wood.C. They serve cold drinks.D. T' he rooms are made of bamboo.（3）You can't see ____ in the ice hotels.A. hot foodB. reindeer skinsC. sleeping bagsD. mattresses（4）Why are bathrooms heated in the ice hotels？ ____ A. Because guests want to eat in them.B. Because indoor temperatures are very low.C. Because guests ask the hotels to do that.D. Because it is as cold indoors as it is outdoors.（5）What happens to the ice hotels in spring？ ____ A. They melt away.B. They are rebuilt.C. They are repaired.D. They need more ice.

阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项．Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep．They say more Americans need to take a nap-that is to rest for a short period in the middle of the day．They give people advice to sleep lightly before continuing with other activities．The experts say naps might improve health by reducing pressure．Some European and Latin American companies have supported the idea of napping for many years．They ask people to leave work，go home and have a nap before returning．In the United States，some companies let workers rest simply in their offices．They believe this can help workers make fewer mistakes and also increase the amount of work that a person can do．Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times．They say people should not carry out important tasks when they feel sleepy．And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap．About twenty minutes of rest is all you need．Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effects until the end of the day．But experts said that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes．A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult．61．This passage is probably taken from___．A．a story book B．a poster C．a science fiction D．a medical magazine62．What's the best way to increase workers'effects？___A．Talking with friends．B．Doing relaxing exercises．C．Laughing，smiling and crying．D．Having a rest for twenty or thirty minutes．63．What will happen to the workers if they keep on working without any rest？___A．They will get a lot of money．B．They will fail in their jobs and even cause a lot of trouble．C．They will live a happy life in the future．D．They will feel better after finishing everyday jobs．64．The meaning of the underlined word“reducing“in the first paragraph is___．A．加大 B．缓解 C．产生 D．制造65．The passage mainly talks about___．A．taking a nap during the dayB．the disadvantages of taking a napC．Americans who don't have a nap during the weekendsD．the advantages of deep sleep．

B Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world." If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says.1. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A: We pay little attention to food waste.B: We waste food unintentionally at times.C: We waste more vegetables than meat.D: We have good reasons for wasting food.2. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?A: Moral decline.B: Environmental harm.C: Energy shortage.D: Workdwide starvation.3. What does Curtin's company do?A: It produces kitchen equipment.B: It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C: It helps local farmers grow fruits.D: It makes meals out of unwanted food.4. What does Curtin suggest people do?A: Buy only what is needed.B: Reduce food consumption.C: Go shopping once a week.D: Eat in restaurants less often.

Importance of Children’s Oral Health　　February is National Children’s Dental (牙齿的)Health Month，but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation’s oral health，released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General，calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic (流行病)，” even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact，a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children. 　　To help counter this，the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病学)(AAP)is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children. 　　“This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating，speaking and attending to learning，” said Michael McGuire，president of the AAP. 　　Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞)and gingivitis (龈牙)，which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering，” said McGuire “However，much of the time，oral problems are avoidable problems.” 　　In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas，a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school. 　　“According to the Surgeon General’s Report，about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school，” said McGuire. “When children don’t see dentists they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger，more expensive problems to treat，and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.” Only in February should attention be paid to children’s oral health A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned

I’ve been telling her time and again that we can’t ______ another holiday,but she won’t listen.A. spendB. saveC. affordD. stress

We can（）the possibility of total loss from our calculations.A. excludeB. preventC. excuseD. discard

26/50 单选题(2分) ()1.The servant went upstairs. Soon he returned and asked.A. John to follow himB. John follow himC. John followed himD. John follows him

6. As an international company, ABC Group has been in business for over 50 years .A 作为一家国际化的公司, ABC 集团已经有五十多年的经营历史。 B 作为一家公司 ，ABC 集团已经有五十多年的经营历史 。C 作为一家国际化的公司， ABC 队伍已经有五十多年的经营历史。