Text 2 The modern cult of beauty is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. "Old ladies" are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, they will be extinct. White hair and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medievally old-fashioned. The crone of the future will be golden, curly and cherry-lipped, and slender. This desirable consummation will be due in part to skin foods and injections of paraffin-wax, facial surgery, mud baths, and paint, in part to improved health, due in its turn to a more rational mode of life. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease, beauty of health. In so far as the campaign for beauty is also a campaign for more health, it is admirable and, up to a point, genuinely successful. Beauty that is merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically of poorer quality than the genuine article. Still, it is a sufficiently good imitation to be sometimes mistakeable for the real thing. The apparatus for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of every moderately prosperous person; the knowledge of the way in which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, no doubt, be universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes, will every woman be beautiful―as beautiful, at any rate, as the natural shape of her features, with or without surgical and chemical aid, permits The answer is emphatically: No. For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is a matter of shape, of color, of surface texture. The jar may be empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime―it makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is alive, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. I have seen women who, by the standards of a connoisseur of porcelain, were ravishingly lovely. Their shape, their colour, their surface texture were perfect. And yet they were not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some corruption. Spiritual emptiness or ugliness shows through. And conversely, there is an interior light that can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician would regard as imperfect or downright ugly. There are numerous forms of psychological ugliness. There is an ugliness of stupidity, for example, of unawareness (distressingly common among pretty women). An ugliness also of greed, of lasciviousness, of avarice. All the deadly sins, indeed, have their own peculiar negation of beauty. On the pretty faces of those especially who are trying to have a continuous "good time", one sees very often a kind of bored sullenness that ruin all their charm. I remember in particular two young American girls I once met in North Africa. Form the porcelain specialist’s point of view, they were extremely beautiful. But a sullen boredom was so deeply stamped into their fresh faces, their gait and gestures expressed so weary a listlessness, that it was unbearable to look at them. These exquisite creatures were positively repulsive.Because of skin foods, paraffin wax, facial surgery, mud-baths and paint, ______. A．wrinkles and hollow cheeks will not be foundB．the desirable consummation will be achievedC．curly hair will look medievally old-fashionedD．the elderly women will no longer be able to exist

There is nothing to do except()till the manager comes here.A. to waitB. waitingC. waitD. waited

Aesop's fable (高言)about the town mice and the country mice concentrates on the dangers of city-|||-living and rather looks down upon its advantages. Yet advantages there are,for mice and men alike, as-|||-long as those involved are able to grasp them.That,though,requires an ability to respond successfully-|||-to new problems.So a pair of researchers in Germany have looked to see whether urban mice are better at-|||-doing this than rural ones. Their couclusion,just published in Animal Behaviour,is that they are.-|||-Valeria Mazza of the University of Potsdam and Anja Gucnther of the Max Planck Institute for-|||-Evolutionary Biollyy capt 17 striped field mice from farmland and 14 others from various places in-|||-central Berlin. They kept these animals in a laboratory for a year to adapt them,and then challenged-|||-them with various tasks which, if perforned successfully, w yield a reward of food. Tasks included-|||-opening the window panes of a house made of LEGO toy bricks;opening the lid of a Petri dish;and-|||-pulling out a roll of paper jammed inside a clear plastic tube.As a control.all the mice were also given-|||-a naturalistic task that involved digging through a collection of bedding to find a reward.-|||-Both groups seemed equally eager to participate in the tasks,but the urban mice were better at-|||-solving the new ones. They had a 77% success rate, to the rural mice's 52%.When it came to the-|||-control task,though,both were equally good, solving it 85% and 88%respectively.-|||-The researehers' next object of investigation is whether the urhan mice had learned their smarts-|||-before their incarceratio (禁闭),or had inherited them, suggesting they were the product of natural-|||-selection acting on their city living ancestors. This will involve raising mice from the two populations in-|||-identical laboratory coud Dr Mazza and Dr Guenther hope to have the answer later this year.-|||-32.Why is Acsop's fable mentioned?-|||-A.To bring in the topic.-|||-B.To make the beginning unique.-|||-C.To support the researchers' idea.-|||-D.To argue against living in the city.-|||-33.What does the underlined word them" refer to in Paragraph 1?-|||-A.The rural mice. B.Dangers. C.The town mice. D.Advantages.-|||-34.What do the researchers let the mice do to test their new ability?-|||-A.Jam in a roll of paper. B.Play with LEGO toy bricks.-|||-C.Remove the lid of a Petri dish. D.Dig through a pile of bedding for a reward.-|||-35.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?-|||-A.The country mice are as stupid as the urban mice.-|||-B.The urban mice are born smarter than the country mice.-|||-C.Intelligence is determined more by the environment than by parents.-|||-D.The urban mice are better at adapting to new environments than the country mice.

一、单项选择题5、Would you agree to the operation? (4分)A. Parsons having full control ofB. Parsons controlC. Parson, 's having full control ofD. be in Parson, 's control

The Darkest Side of ID Theft March 9, 2003-Malcolm Byrd was home on a Saturday night when a knock came. Three Rock Country, Wis., sheriff’s officers were there with a warrant for Byrd’s arrest. Cocaine possession, with intent to distribute, it said. Byrd tried to tell them that they had the wrong man, that it was a case of mistaken identity. But they wouldn’t listen. Instead they put him in handcuffs (手铐)and drove him away. It was nothing new for Byrd, who has spent much of the past five years trying-unsuccessfully-to talk skeptical police officers out of arresting him. But this time, it was worse. Two days later, he was still in jail. This is the worst thing for identity theft victims. Losing your clean credit history is one thing; losing you freedom is another. And victims of America’s fastest-growing crime are discovering they often have much more to worry about than the hundreds of hours of paperwork to clean up the financial mess associated with ID theft. Sometimes, they have to worry about being pushed in jail-again and again. Alias (化名) Becomes a Disease There’s nothing new about criminals using aliases to evade the law. Criminals often try to give their friend’s name, address, and date of birth to cheat police. But the explosion of identity theft, and the ready availability of stolen digital files on innocent victims, makes it just as easy for a criminal to give a stranger’s personal data during an arrest. Once police book a suspect under a fake name, that mistake can plague a victim for life. The Alias becomes a disease to the true owner of that character. Getting names off those lists can be a big task. The problem is complicated by the increasing sophistication of law enforcement officials. "Officials of criminal records are-for good reason-reluctant to remove information once it’s been placed in the database," said Beth Givens, executive director of the Identity Theft Clearing House. His Word Against a Database In Byrd’s case, his word has never been enough. The situation has left the Janesville, Wis., man thinking about name changing. With his impostor (冒名顶替的)still committing crimes and still using his name, Byrd fears another arrest. "I don’t feel safe now. When we drive I feel uncomfortable," Byrd said. "It’s affected our lives enormously." Tom Schroeder, a famous lawyer, confirmed many of the details of Byrd’s repeated run-ins with the law. "Mr. Byrd is worried that if he is in Milwaukee County and gets stopped for some reason and the officer puts it into a computer, he may still come up," Schroeder said. "And I don’t blame him." Efforts to eliminate Byrd’s criminal record at the state and federal level haven’t succeeded, Schroeder said. "I left a voice mail on Mr. Byrd’s phone indicating we’d be happy to help him change his name and his Social Security number." How It Began Byrd’s nightmare began in 1998, he said. A man arrested on drug charges that year identified himself to local officials as Malcolm Byrd. Thanks to an article in the local Janesville Gazette, the real Malcolm Byrd found out about the identity theft, and headed to the police to correct the error. The paper ran a correction, too. But that was hardly the end of the nightmare. Four months later, when he was stopped for speeding, Byrd found himself face down on the pavement, handcuffed. Police records still showed that he was wanted for drug dealing. The matter was cleared up when officials compared a photo of the suspect to Byrd, but not before he had lost half a day’s wages sitting at the police station. Soon after, Byrd was fired from his part-time job as a nursing assistant because he was accused of lying about his criminal record. Months later, he was laid off from his full-time job. A year later, while surfing the Internet, Byrd discovered his impostor had been arrested again, this time in a neighboring county. To clear his name, he visited the county district attorney’s office and submitted his fingerprints. In exchange, Byrd received court documents proving his innocence. But that didn’t stop him from losing his license a second time in 2000, he said. After that, life seemed back to normal until April of last year, when Byrd was stopped again. Once again, he found himself in handcuffs in the back of a squad car, losing half a day’s pay until officers cleared up the confusion. But that was nothing compared to the most recent arrest, which took place over the Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday weekend. Byrd had lent his car to his niece, who was stopped by police that Saturday night. "Do you know where Malcolm is" they asked her. Minutes later, three deputies were at Byrd’s home, armed with warrants from three counties. Byrd’s wife Carla ran to the sheriff’s department around midnight that night with the court papers clearing her husband’s name. But that didn’t help-the warrants were dated after Byrd’s declaration of innocence. How Common Is It "Byrd’s tale is extreme, but hardly unique. Most law enforcement officers say this type of criminal identity theft is rare. But the few reliable identity theft statistics suggest it may be more common than they think. The rate of identity theft crimes doubles every year, and 12 percent of victims "found that they must deal with wrongful criminal records." I think it is more common now because identity theft is a bigger problem," said Michael Groch, deputy district attorney of San Diego County’s CATCH High Tech Crimes task force. California also has created a special identity theft registry to address the problem, a victims’ database that can be used to prevent a false arrest. If a victim is threatened with arrest by a police officer, the victim gives the officer a telephone number to call, and a PIN code. The officer then hears a message explaining that this person is an identity theft victim. How Does It Happen It might seem elemental that arresting officers confirm the identity before arresting someone, but that’s not as easy as it sounds. Often, for lesser crimes, law enforcement officials simply take the criminal’s word-particularly for "instant-release" violations like traffic offenses. "If the suspect gives a name and date of birth, and if that information checks out, if the officer doesn’t have any reason to doubt the person a lot of times that is going to be the end of it," Groch said. "It’s different than if they make up a name." But even for more serious offenses, like drug possession, police officers often won’t do much to verify an identity, particularly if the suspect is an identity thief who has managed to obtain an official, state-issued driver’s license. "You may be brought in or fingerprinted, and taken a photo, even appear before a magistrate (治安 官)on a TV monitor. And out the door you go. No cross-checking is done," said Rob Douglas, a former Washington prosecutor(起诉人). "When people are arrested, it’s rare that they will cross check with the national crime database because they already have you on a crime. Often times, the first time a thorough background will be done is at the time of sentencing." So when identity thieves are released on bail, and never show up for their court hearings, a warrant is issued for the victim-and the thief has pretty much beaten the system. Beating Technology with Technology The difficulty of beating back bad data is at the core of the problem, and there are some proposed technological solutions. Instant fingerprint identification networks would cut down on misidentifications, for example. Some locales have tested computers that showed each suspect’s photograph along with warrant information to the arresting officer at the scene; that would prevent some wrongful arrests. But both solutions have civil liberty implications, and both are costly. "I don’t think there is a great solution that is not going to invade people’s privacy and not going to cost a fortune," Groch said. "When someone say, ’It’s not me,’ police have to be more sensitive and do a bit more checking. Cops have to follow their own common sense and need to take a little extra item." That’s cold comfort to Malcolm Byrd’s wife. She said her husband is probably safe for now, given the publicity he received from the Janesville Gazette and a local radio station.After Byrd’s most recent arrest, his wife wanted to clear his name but in vain, because______。 A. the warrants were dated after Byrd’s declaration of innocenceB. Byrd lent his car to his niece who has no licenseC. Byrd’s declaration of innocence was dated after the warrantsD. it made no difference whether Byrd got a declaration of innocence or not

When families gather for Christmas dinner,some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma's generation.Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver,and the dress code will be Sunday best． But in many other homes,this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware and stainless informality,with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look.For hosts and guests,the change means greater simplicity and comfort.For makers of fine china in Britain,it causes economic hard times． Last week Royal Doulton,the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent,announced that it is reducing 1,000 jobs----one-fifth of its total workforce.That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery region.Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier． Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining．Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or they eat in front of television． Even dinner parties,if they happen at all,have gone casual．In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules,busy hosts insist,rightly,that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party．Too often,the perfect moment never comes．Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth?Forget it．Polish the silver?Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side.The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents("Chew with your mouth closed．" "Keep your elbows off the table．")must be picked up elsewhere.Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially．(1)Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? ______A.People prefer to live a comfortable life.B.Family members need more time to relax.C.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.D.Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation.(2)It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ______ .A.a seller of stainless steel tableware.B.a dealer in stoneware.C.a pottery chain store.D.a producer of fine china.(3)The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ______.A.the increased value of pound.B.the worsening economy in Asia.C.the change in people's way of life.D.the fierce competition at home and abroad.(4)Formal table manners,though less popular than before in current social life, ______.A.are certain to return sooner or later.B.are still a must on certain occasions.C.are still being taught by parents at home.D.can help improve personal relationship.

三完形填空(共15小题:每题2分,共30分。)-|||-通读下面的短文,掌握其大意。然后,从每小题的四个选择项中选出可填入相应空白-|||-处的最佳选项。-|||-Everyone likes things that are free,and businesses often give things for free to customers as a-|||-way of getting more people to pay attention to their products.-|||-Ariely,a scientist from MIT,did an experiment on what people would do when 21 things that-|||-were free.He 22 a group of students two kinds of chocolates: the good one for 15 cents each-|||-and the poor one for I cent each. The good chocolate was worth https:/img.cdnjtzy.com/zyb_557b2a25ac8de3a343859bd98b7ef80e.jpg,00,so 15 cents was very-|||-cheap 23 the poor quality chocolate was worth 5 cents,so 24 it for I cent wasn`t very-|||-cheap.-|||-Most people chose the high quality chocolate for 115 cents.That`s not a 25 But then Ariely-|||-lowered the 26 of both pieces of chocolate by I cent. If people were 27 correctly, then they-|||-should 28 choose the Guod quallty chocolate.But that 29 what happened. Most people-|||-chose the free chocolr.c.This doesn`t make sense in our 30 way of anderstanding econ-|||-behavior(经济行为)-|||-What is happening here/Ariely 31 that people want to get a good bargain,but they also want-|||-to reduce risk (风险)That is,they want to 32 the chance of making a 33 If you pay 14-|||-cents for a piece of chocolate,and then you don`t 34 like it,when you have it,you have lost-|||-14 cents.But when something is free and you don`t like it you haven`t lost anything. People-|||-would 35 not to take a risk over getting a better bargain.-|||-() 21.A.facing B.buying C.giving D.treating-|||-() 22.A.posted B.produced C.offered D.told-|||-() 23.A.if B.as C.for D.but-|||-() 24.A.getting B.holding C.eating D.making-|||-() 25.A.dream B.reason C.reply D.surprise-|||-() 26.A.weight B.size C.price D.quality-|||-() 27.A.working B.thinking C.planning D.looking-|||-() 28.A.still B.once C.almost D.even-|||-() 29.A.should be B.shouldn`t be C. is D.isn`t-|||-() 30.A.easy B.old C.normal D.modem-|||-() 31.A.questioned B.explained C. egreed D.added-|||-() 32.A.find B.learn C.lower D.take-|||-() 33.A.decislon B.mistake C.promise D.warning-|||-() 34.A.usually B.gradually C.certainly D.actually-|||-() 35.A.start B.prefer C.manage D.afford

7.多选题 Which of the following sentences represent the past tense?A. If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.B. I wondered whether you could teach me.C. Did you give him the box?D. I lost my book yesterday.

It was in the park ____ they met for the first time.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when

名词解释-|||-