Throughout history, humans have existed side-by-side with bacteria and viruses. We have developed gradually to resist them, and in response they have developed new ways of infecting us. We have had antibiotics(抗生素) for almost a century, ever since Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. In response, bacteria have responded by developing antibiotic resistance. The battle is endless: because we spend so much time with pathogens(病原体), we sometimes develop a kind of natural situation where we can’t make progress. However, what would happen if we were suddenly exposed to deadly bacteria and viruses that have been absent for thousands of years, or that we have never met before? We may be about to find out. Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that are springing back to life. In August 2016, in a remote corner called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax.(炭疽病) The theory is that, over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen body became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, known as permafrost. There it stayed until a heat-wave in the summer of 2016, when the permafrost melted. This exposed the reindeer body and released infectious anthrax into nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2,000 reindeer eating grass nearby became infected, which then led to the small number of human cases. The fear is that this will not be a single case. As the Earth warms, more permafrost will melt. Under normal circumstances, superficial(表面的) permafrost layers about 50cm deep melt every summer. But now global warming is gradually exposing older permafrost layers. 1．According to the passage we can say _______A.anthrax infected a small number of humans, which led to reindeer casesB.there is a heat-wave every yearC.now global warming is exposing the same permafrost layers.D.the war between humans and bacteria has not been finished.2．When coming to the possibility of being exposed to deadly bacteria that has been absent for thousands of years, the writer thinks ______________A.the possibility is indeed highB.the possibility is lowC.people are being infected nowD.reindeer are being infected now3．If we want to avoid releasing ancient viruses and bacteria, what should we do first? We should _________A.stop developing antibioticsB.deal with global warmingC.control reindeerD.protect rivers4．After reading the passage we may find ________A.the writer is worriedB.the writer is confident.C.the writer knows how to deal with the problemD.the writer thinks highly of bacteria

一、单项选择题（共50小题，共75.0分）41、Our headteacher ___ for months to make sure that we understand the importance of concentration.bigcircA. was tryingbigcircB. has been tryingbigcircC. is trying

Using all my 1 . _ powers , I've sought clever ways to bring my students back to their books . convinced that civ it ation would end if I did not succeed in doing so . Yet , 2. _ my varied approaches , every year my students seem to become more 3 _ towards books.kids don't seem to be reading as much for pleasures , kids don't seem to become seem to be reading as much from their required texts . Kids don't seem to be reading as much at all . The cause 4 . _ teachers agree is the growth of electronic media as well as other modern 5 . _ _ that draw students attention away from the focused reading that was once central to young people s lives. a.apathetic b.creative c.distractions d.despite E.frustrated

The more activities you participate _ ,the easier you'll find it to make friends . A)on B)withC)in D)for

Much of today’’s science of physics is based on Newton’’ s discovery of the three laws of motion and his theory of gravity (引力). Newton also developed one of the most powerful tools of mathematics. It is the method we call calculus (微积分). Late in his life, Newton said of his work: "If I saw further than other men, it was because I stood on the shoulders of giants." One of those giants was the great Italian scientist, Galileo. Galileo died the same year Newton was born. Another of the giants was the Polish scientist Nicholas Copernicus. He lived a hundred years before Newton. Copernicus had begun a scientific revolution. It led to a completely new understanding of how the universe worked. Galileo continued and expanded the work of Copernicus. Isaac Newton built on the ideas of these two scientists and others. He found and proved the answers for which they searched. At that time, a deadly plague was spreading across England. To escape the disease, Newton returned to the family farm. He did more thinking than farming. In doing so, he found the answers to some of the greatest mysteries of science. Newton used his great skill in mathematics to form a better understanding of the world and the universe. He used methods he had learned as a boy in making things. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to design new experiments. Newton’’s work led him to create a new method in mathematics for measuring areas curved in shape. He also used it to find how much material was contained in solid objects. The method he created became known as integral calculus. Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on December twenty-fifth, sixteen forty-two. He was born early. He was a small baby and very weak. No one expected him to survive. But he surprised everyone. He had one of the most powerful minds in history. And he lived until he was eighty-four. Newton’’s father died before he was born. His mother married again a few years later. She left Isaac with his grandmother. The boy was not a good student. Yet he liked to make things, such as kites and clocks and simple machines. Newton also enjoyed finding new ways to answer questions or solve problems. As a boy, for example, he decided to find a way to measure the speed of the wind. On a windy day, he measured how far he could jump with the wind at his back. Then he measured how far he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps, he made his own measure of the strength of the wind. Strangely, Newton became a much better student after a boy kicked him in the stomach. The boy was one of the best students in the school. Newton decided to get even by getting higher marks than the boy who kicked him. In a short time, Newton became the top student at the school. Newton left school to help on the family farm. It soon became clear, however, that the boy was not a good farmer. He spent his time solving mathematical problems, instead of taking care of the crops. He spent hours visiting a bookstore in town, instead of selling his vegetables in the market. An uncle decided that Newton would do better as a student than as a farmer. So he helped the young man enter Cambridge University to study mathematics. Newton completed his university studies five years later, in sixteen sixty-five. He was twenty-two years old. One day, sitting in the garden, Newton watched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon circling the earth. Newton believed it was. And he believed it could be measured. He called the force "gravity". He began to examine it carefully. He decided that the strength of the force keeping a planet in orbit around the sun depended on two things. One was the amount of mass in the planet and the sun. The other was how far apart they were. Newton was able to find the exact relationship between distance and gravity. He multiplied the mass of one space object by the mass of the other. Then he divided that number by the square of their distance apart. The result was the strength of the gravity force that tied them to each other. Newton proved his idea by measuring how much gravity force would be needed to keep the moon orbiting the Earth. Then he measured the mass of the Earth and the moon, and the distance between them. He found that his measurement of the gravity force produced was not the same as the force needed. But the numbers were close. Newton did not tell anyone about his discovery. He put it aside to work on other ideas. Later, with correct measurements of the size of the Earth, he found that the numbers were exactly the same. Newton spent time studying light and colors. He used a three-sided piece of glass called a prism (棱镜). He sent a beam of sunlight through the prism. It fell on a white surface. The prism separated the beam of sunlight into the colors of a rainbow. Newton believed that all these colors ―mixed together in light ― produced the color white. He proved this by letting the beam of rainbow-colored light pass through another prism. This changed the colored light back to white light. Newton’’s study of light led him to learn why faraway objects seen through a telescope do not seem sharp and clear. The curved glass lenses at each end of the telescope acted like prisms. They produced a circle of colored light around an object. This created an unclear picture. A few years later, Newton built a different kind of telescope. It used a curved. Isaac Newton invented a telescope that used a mirror instead of a lens. To this day, they are call Newtonian telescopes. Light reflected from the surface of the mirror, instead of passing through a curved glass lens. Newton’’s reflecting telescope produced much clearer pictures than the old kind of telescope. Years later, the British astronomer Edmund Halley visited Newton. He said he wanted Newton’’s help in finding an answer to a problem no one had been able to solve. The question was this: What is the path of a planet going around the sun Newton immediately gave Haley the answer: an egg-shaped path called an ellipse (椭圆形). Halley was surprised. He asked for Newton’’s proof. Newton no longer had the papers from his earlier work. He was able to re-create them, however. He showed them to Halley. He also showed Halley all his other scientific work. Halley said Newton’’s scientific discoveries were the greatest ever made. He asked Newton to share them with the world. Newton began to write a book that explained what he had done. It was published in sixteen eighty-seven. Newton called his book "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy." The book is considered the greatest scientific work ever written. In his book, Newton explains the three natural laws of motion. The first law is that an object not moving remains still. And one that is moving continues to move at an unchanging speed, so long as no outside force influences it. Objects in space continue to move, because nothing exists in space to stop them. Newton’’s second law of motion describes force. It says force equals the mass of an object, multiplied by (乘以) the change in speed it produces in an object. His third law’’ says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. From these three laws, Newton was able to show how the universe worked. He proved it with easily understood mathematics. Scientists everywhere accepted Newton’’s ideas.Newton was very creative in thinking and solving problems when he was a little boy. A．YB．NC．NG

一、单项选择题（共50小题，共75.0分） 23、---Would you like some candies_____.I have got a sweet tooth. bigcircA.Better not bigcircB.It's up to you bigcircC.Oh,that's too bad bigcircD.That couldn't be better

第17题:It's going to be an exciting game tonight. I just can't wait till it kicks_!A. startB. matchC. onD. off

The Tang Dynasty produced _ great poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.A. a host forB. a host ofC. a host aboutD. a host on

While green roofs certainly won't solve the global warming problem, their ability to absorb greenhouse gases—even just a little bit—supports the case for planting them on city buildings, despite extra costs on the front end, said lead researcher Kristin Getter, of Michigan State University in East Lansing."The key to fighting global warming is capturing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in new reservoirs that weren't storing carbon before," Getter said. "In the whole scheme of things, green roofs are not the one answer to sequestering carbon, but they will certainly help."Green roofs offer a long list of known benefits. They lower air-conditioning costs in the summer by absorbing and reflecting heat. They lower heating costs in the winter by adding extra isolation.Green roofs appeal to cities because they soak up rainwater, making excess storm-water less likely to flood sewage (下水道) systems and increase sewage treatment costs. Plant-filled roofs make urban areas less likely to become heat islands. They reduce air pollution and noise pollution. And plants, even when it's several stories up, provides living places for animals.A green roof's ability to sequester carbon lasts only a year or two. At that point, the amount of carbon emitted by the decay of soil and plant material balances out the carbon taken in by photosynthesis (光合作用). Still, that's two extra years of balance that a green roof potentially provides.What does the word "sequester" mean in the sentence "In the whole scheme of things, green roofs are not the one answer to sequestering carbon...?" (Para. 3)A. Decay.B. Recirculate.C. Remove.D. Decompose.

(时间: 90分钟　分值: 100分) 第Ⅰ卷　听力部分 Ⅰ.听句子, 选择与其意思相符的图片 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 Ⅱ.听对话和问题, 选择正确答案。对话和问题读两遍 6.A.cross from the police station. B.Next to the bus station. C.In front of the post office. 7.A.Driving a car. 　　　　　　　B.Having a meeting. 　　　　　C.Seeing a film. 8.A. child. B.A river. C.A cat. 9.A.Warm. B.Cold. C.Rainy. 10.A.The beach. B.The aquarium. C.The museum. Ⅲ.听短文, 选择正确答案。短文读两遍 11.What time did Mrs. Turner wake up? A.t about half past three. B.At about half past two. C.At about two. 12.What was the matter with Robert? A.He had a headache. B.He had a fever. C.He had a toothache. 13.What did Robert often do before going to bed? A.He often ate more fruit. B.He often ate some cakes. C.He often ate a lot of sugar. 14.Whom did Robert have to go to see later that morning? A.He had to see his parents. B.He had to see a dentist. C.He had to see the teacher. 15.Why did Robert feel a little better? A.Because he took some medicine. B.ecause he had lots of water. C.Because there was nothing wrong with him. 第Ⅱ卷　笔试部分 Ⅳ.单项选择 16.—What’s 　　　matter with your mother? —She has 　　　bad cold. A.a; a B.an; an C.the; a D.a; the 17.—What’s wrong with Mandy? —She talked too much and had no water, so she had a 　　　. A.cold B.sore back C.sore throat D.headache 18.I don’t agree 　　　you and I don’t agree 　　　take risks. A.to; with B.with; to C.to; to D.with; with 19.My sister is old enough to dress 　　　now. A.himself B.myself C.herself D.itself 20.You have to leave now 　　　you can catch the early bus. A.so that B.as soon as C.because D.although 21.—　　　 the doctors, the teacher was out of danger. —We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future. A.In front of B.Thanks to C.As for D.Across from 22.As long as they get an idea into their heads, they’ll never 　　　. A.dress up B.give up C.grow up D.stay up 23.Helen, we have 　　　money, so we can’t take a taxi to go home. A.taken out B.taken out of C.run out D.run out of 24.—My sister has a stomachache. —　　 A.She should see a dentist. B.She should take her temperature. C.She should drink some hot tea with honey. D.I’m sorry to hear that. 25.—It’s useless to regret what has been done. Don’t make those mistakes again. —I won’t. That’s a(n) 　　　. A.order B.decision C.promise D.agreement Ⅴ.完形填空 Mr. Cooper was ill and went to the hospital. A doctor looked him over and said,“Well, Mr. Cooper, you 　26　 some injections (注射), and you’ll feel much 　27　. A nurse will come and give you the first one this evening, and then you’ll 　28　 get another one tomorrow evening.” In the 　29　 a young nurse came to Mr. Cooper’s bed and said to him,“I’m going to give you your 　30　 injection now, Mr. Cooper. 　31　 do you want it?” The old man was 　32　. He looked at the nurse for a 　33　, and then he said,“　34　has ever let me choose(选择) that before. Are you really going to let me choose now?” “Yes, Mr. Cooper,” the nurse answered 　35　 a smile. “Well, then, I want it in your left arm, please,” the old man answered without thinking twice. 26.A.get B.got C.were getting D.are going to get 27.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse 28.A.must B.can C.had better D.have to 29.A.morning B.afternoon C.evening D.day 30.A.first B.one C.two D.second 31.A.When B.How C.Where D.Why 32.A.stressed B.surprised C.tired D.hungry 33.A.hour B.minutes C.year D.moment 34.A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Everybody 35.A.with B.in C.at D.for Ⅵ.阅读理解 A A three-year-old boy saved his mom’s life by using her mobile phone to call for help. One morning, Aaron Green found his mom Cally Wooton lying on the floor of her bedroom, and he was not able to wake her up. He turned to his mom’s Blackberry mobile phone on the bed, opened it, found the address book, and called up his mom’s grandmother, even though he had never been shown how to use the phone. Little Aaron told her,“Mommy’s sick; she’s very ill.” The grandmother called up Cally’s best friend Kara McCoy, who lived nearby. Kara ran to Cally’s house. She found Cally was lying on the bedroom floor. She must have fallen off the bed. She was moving but couldn’t answer. Kara was scared. She didn’t know what to do. She was helpless, so she called the ambulance(救护车). Cally was sent to the hospital and was found that she had a diabetic seizure(糖尿病发作). After five days in hospital, Cally was well again. “Aaron had just started learning his ABC,” Kara said.“But he was very brave and calm. He did better than me.” “If it wasn’t for Aaron, I wouldn’t be here now. The doctors said I was lucky to be alive,”said the boy’s mother.“I don’t know how he did it. It is not easy to use that phone. It feels like I must have been watched over by an angel who was guiding him through what to do. I want everyone to know what a superman he is.” 36.What did Aaron do when he found his mom lying on the floor? A.He ran away at once. B.He didn’t know what to do. C.He called up his mom’s grandmother. D.He called up his mom’s best friend, Kara. 37.From the passage we know that　　　. A.Cally was well the next day B.Cally told her son to call for help C.ally’s mother sent her to the hospital D.Cally’s son saved her life by using her mobile phone 38.The underlined word “She” in the third paragraph refers to“　　　”. A.Cally B.Kara C.the doctor D.Cally’s grandmother 39.This passage may be 　　　. A.an advertisement B.a piece of news C.a poster D.a survey 40.What do you think of Aaron according to the passage? A.Brave and careless. B.rave and calm. C.Scared and helpful. D.Careful and beautiful. B One day Tony was crossing the road when he was hit by a car. He fell and broke his arm. He was sent to the hospital. There a doctor operated on his arm. Then he put the arm in a cast(石膏). Tony could not move it at all. “You must keep your arm in the cast for a month,” the doctor said.“That will give the bone(骨头) a chance to get well.” A month later, Tony went back to the hospital. The doctor used a large knife to cut the cast. Then he took Tony’s arm out of the cast. “Can you move your arm, Tony?” he asked. Tony tried to move his arm. At first it was difficult, but soon he could move it easily. “Yes, it’s fine,” he said.“Thank you very much.” “In a few days it will be as good as before,” the doctor said.“Just exercise it a little every day.” “Will I be able to play the guitar?” Tony asked. The doctor smiled and said,“Of course, you will. You will have no problems.” “That is good news,” Tony said.“Because I couldn’t play it at all before.” 41.How did Tony break his arm? A.He was hit by a car. 　　　　B.He fell off a bike. 　　　　C.A guitar fell on him. 42.How long did Tony have to keep his arm in the cast? A.One week. B.About four weeks. C.A few days. 43.How was Tony’s arm when the doctor cut the cast? A.It was OK. B.It was hurt. C.It was worse. 44.What did the doctor ask Tony to do after the cast was taken off? A.To see another doctor. B.To play the guitar. C.To move his arm. 45.Why was Tony pleased? A.Because the doctor gave him a guitar. B.ecause the doctor said he didn’t have to work again. C.Because he thought he would be able to play the guitar. Ⅶ.任务型阅读 Many people run for exercise. But what will you do if you are not a “born” runner or jogger(慢跑者)? You may still want a kind of exercise that’s inexpensive and easy to do. Why not try walking? Walking requires no special equipment(装备). It is a kind of exercise that almost any normal, healthy person can do. Walking is good for your health like jogging or running; it will just take longer. Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does. The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. But there’s a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do. Walking, like jogging, should have a steady and continuous motion(稳健而持续的动作). If you want to get your exercise by walking, you need to have your own walking plan. After all, runners and joggers set goals for themselves. Walkers need goals, too. You also need to set a course to walk. Start by walking about 15-30 minutes a day. Increase your time and distance(距离) slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little. If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice. Start off slowly. Spend most of the first few days just walking. Then, start walking and running on the same day. Run or jog a short distance, then walk for a while, then, run, then walk. Follow that pattern for 15-30 minutes a day. Slowly make each run longer and each walk shorter. Later on, you can increase your distance, speed and exercise time. 46.将画线短语 a “born” runner 译为汉语。 47.列举两条jogging和running对身体部位的影响。 (1) (2) 48.What’s the problem with walking? 49.选出作者对步行健身的两种建议。 A.Have a walking plan. 　　　　　　　　　B.Walk fast at the beginning. C.Start by walking an hour a day. D.Increase distance and speed little by little. (1)　　　　　　　　　　　(2)　　　　　　　　　　 50.找出最后一段的主题句。 Ⅷ.词汇运用 A.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 51.The little boy cut his finger and lost a lot of b　　　　　　 yesterday. 52.John, don’t buy anything expensive. You should be in c　　　　　 of your money. 53.The child is l　　　　　 on the ground now. 54.Lucy often plays tennis to relax h　　　　　　　 after school. 55.Judy had a sore throat and she c　　　　　 last night. She should drink some hot tea with honey. B.用所给单词的适当形式填空 56.We are 　　　　　　　　(surprise) at the news. 57.The old man who lived in this house alone 　　　　　(die) on a cold night. 58.He used to be a good doctor. He saved a lot of 　　　　　(life). 59.He kept on 　　　　　　　　(work) though his leg hurt. 60.The driver stopped the car without 　　　　　　(think) twice and helped the old woman. Ⅸ.补全对话(有两项多余) A: Hi, my boy! 61.　　 B: My head hurts. A: What happened to you? B: 62.　　 A: Can you move your head from one side to another? B: Yes, I can. A: 63.　　 B: No, I don’t. I took my temperature just now. A: 64.　　 B: OK. 65.　　　 Goodbye! A: Goodbye! A.Do you have a cold? B.Thank you. C.What’s your trouble? D.o you have a fever? E.I was hit by the ball when playing basketball. F.I hurt my right knee playing soccer. G.Well, you’d better go to the hospital and get an X-ray. Ⅹ.书面表达 今天早上尼克觉得肚子痛, 妈妈带他去了医院。请根据下面的要点提示, 写一篇80词左右的短文, 对尼克的病因和医生的建议进行介绍, 可适当发挥。开头已给出, 不计入总词数。 Time: this morning Reasons: unboiled water(生水); junk food... Doctor’s advice: never drink dirty or unboiled water; wash hands often; eat less junk food... This morning Nick had a stomachache.