Non-restrictive attributive clauseNon-restrictive attributive clause(非限制性定语从句) is an adjective clause set off from the main clause by commas. It provides added, but not essential information and does not restrict or limit the noun it modified.e.g.I finally felt comfortable within myself and felt that I belonged, which was the biggest personal gain.(Para.5)Every weekend, we had two 275-gallon water tanks to the nearby town of Yucca and fill them with water, which we then pump into our big water tanks.(Text. Unit 1, Book 2)Frank M. Eliott,23,who had left Georgetown University to join the Army in 1943,wrote from England.(Text. Unit 2, Book 2)Now combine each of the following pairs of sentences, using a non-restrictive attributive clause.1. The credit card is in my wallet. You can find it in the kitchen cabinet drawer.____________________________________2. Personal computers have come quite a long way. They were actually invented in 1964.____________________________________3. My dearest friend ignored my advice. This totally surprised me.____________________________________4. I went to London with Emily White. She lives next door.____________________________________5. I lent some money to Jack. His house was destroyed in the earthquake.____________________________________

Words / expressions for wildlife conservation : ( )A. reserveB. overfishingC. barkingD. climate change

Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. In 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP). Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP, and why now? In 2019, the WF Passisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries. It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability. Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else's problem. The WFP has been around since 1961 and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid. Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet(about 820 million people) are suffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s. Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones, but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive. When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached, like loan repayment or food for resources, it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order. This is why the work of the WFP is so vital. The scientific community, however, can provide a helping hand to the WFP. By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger, scientists can help reduce these problems. By making its voice heard, science can lead by example. The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries, which may have food problems of their own, or world economic institutions. This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery. 51. What does the WFP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize? A) More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation. B) All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another. C) It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable. D) It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business. 52. What do we learn about the WFP's effort to eliminate hunger? A) It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions. B) It is still far from its goal despite the progress made. C) It has done a good job in combating natural disasters. D) It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale. 53. What will happen when food aid is offered at a price? A) The rich will become richer and the poor poorer. B) More people will be willing to join in the effort. C) More food will be made available to the needy. D) The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable. 54. How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger? A) By collaborating closely with world economic institutions. B) By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations. C) By setting up more food research programs in developing countries. D) By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition. 55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage? A) Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first. B) Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid. C) Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages. D) World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.

32. (2.0分) In order to choose an appropriate career which suits your ( ) you have to plan your career very carefully.A. abilitiesB. skillsC. ambitionsD. ideals

Everyone should be ______ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A. attributedB. entitledC. identifiedD. justified

Lily acted _ just to play hooky（逃学）.A. sickB. sicklyC. sicknessD. ill

Alexander Tsao, a keen rock climber for several years, was climbing the walls at a gym near his home in Redmond, Washington, when he noticed that the ropes were frequently being replaced with new ones. Just 16 at the time, Tsao wondered what happened to the old ropes. He asked the gym owners and found out the ropes had to be discarded regularly due to safety regulations. He was surprised to find that so many ropes were sent to landfills.This discovery inspired him to find a solution to the environmental issue of climbing rope waste. He considered possible ideas and ways to up cycle the discarded ropes, deciding to turn them into leashes (拴狗带) for dogs.Once he had made his plan, Tsao contacted all the climbing gyms in Washington State, introducing his idea of recycling old ropes. Some were doubtful at first, but many gyms agreed to donate their used ropes. Tsao spent months testing and designing his products and filling documents to become a nonprofit organization which he called Rocks2Dogs.To make the leashes, Tsao and volunteers first wash and dry the ropes. They cut them into different lengths, ranging from4 to 10 feet, and then burn the ends to prevent them from fraying (磨损). They add a clip and handle to each end, and cover the leash’s hardware with shrink tape.Because making the leashes now is a full-time job, Tsao has asked his friends, family and neighbors for help. “We have made and sold over a thousand leashes, which add up to over 10,000 feet of rope being saved from landfills,” says Tsao. The leashes come in various colors. There are also half-price leashes made from ropes with slight imperfections. These start at 7.49 while most other leashes start at 14.99. To date, the nonprofit has raised more than 35,000. Much of this money has been donated to animal shelters.【小题1】What did Tsao discover?A．Rock climbing might do harm to health.B．The gym didn’t obey safety regulations.C．Many old climbing ropes went to waste.D．Landfills caused damage to the environment.【小题2】What was Tsao’s plan?A．To call on climbing gyms to donate ropes.B．To transform retired ropes into dog leashes.C．To upcycle old leashes saved from landfills.D．To set up an environmental organization.【小题3】What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．Efforts to promote the ropes.B．Reasons for starting Rocks2Dogs.C．Ways to reuse discarded waste.D．Steps for making the leashes.【小题4】What is the last paragraph intended to tell us?A．Tsao succeeds in the leash business.B．Animal protection gain’s more attention.C．More people volunteered to help Tsao.D．Leashes are very popular with pet owners.

单选题The sun ______ in the east and ________ in the west.A. rise, setB. rises, setsC. is rising, is settingD. rose, set

Why do smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they give up the habit?Contrary to “common knowledge”, nonsmokers do not generally eat more than smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at rest indicates that nicotine (尼古丁) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates, meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. Unless nicotine’s metabolic effects increase proportionally with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant.Now a study shows that nicotine’s effects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase proportionally with increases in activity. “These results indicate that the metabolic effect of nicotine may play a greater part in accounting for body-weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers than was previously believed,” says Kenneth A. Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.The researchers gave a nicotine nose spray to individuals performing light work — in this case riding an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates two to three times.By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy consumption in the armchair bicyclists before and after giving the nose spray and compared the relative changes with subjects in the control group given placebo (（试验药物用的）无效对照剂) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the nicotine group expended considerably more energy than did those in control group while doing the same amount of work. With nicotine, Perkins says, “It’s as if the body is becoming much less efficient in using its stored energy.”While the results may seem discouraging to smokers who’d like to quit without gaining weight, Perkins notes that walking an extra mile a day should make up for the difference in metabolic efficiency. And he says smokers would have to gain “well more than 50 pounds” to counterbalance the health risks of continued smoking.1. What might “common knowledge” say about smokers and nonsmokers?A) Smokers eat more and exercise less than nonsmokers.B) Smokers eat less and exercise more than nonsmokers. C) Smokers eat more and exercise more than nonsmokers.D) Smokers eat less and exercise less than nonsmokers.2. When might nicotine influence smokers’ weight significantly?A) While smokers are at rest.B) While smokers are exercising.C) When Nicotine’s metabolic effects and metabolic rates increase at the same rate. D) When Nicotine’s metabolic effects increase proportionally with the amount of light activities.3. The word “subjects” in the fourth paragraph means ________.A) researchersB) addicted smokersC) people under medical treatmentD) people undergoing an experiment 4. What have the researchers found out in their study?A) People in the nicotine group consumed more energy. B) People in the control group breathed out more air.C) People without nicotine nose spray are becoming much less efficient in using energy.D) People in the armchair expended more energy than people doing desk work.5. Why do the study results seem discouraging to some smokers according to the passage?A) Because they want to keep fit without having to quit smoking.B) Because they want to quit smoking and still keep fit. C) Because they want to gain weight to tackle the health risks of continued smoking.D) Because they want to walk an extra mile a day to lose some weight.