B A federal judge in California has dismissed a lawsuit against the Coca-Cola company which argued that Diet Coke misled people to believe the drink would help them lose weight. The case was brought by Shana Becerra who said that she had bought and drank Diet Coke because she believed it would contribute to weight loss and healthy weight management. She alleged that Diet Coke had the opposite effect, citing studies that she claimed showed sweeteners with no nutritional value like those used in Diet Coke caused weight gain and increased risk of certain diseases. Although Coca-Cola's arguments against the suit were not adequate, Judge William Alsup said the prosecutor (检察官) failed to show that consumers were likely to be deceived by the advertising. Alsup dismissed the case because Becerra had not met the requirement that members of the public are likely to be deceived. "In supermarkets, Diet Coke is displayed next to regular soft drinks and is not sold in the health-food section. Reasonable consumers would understand that Diet Coke merely deletes the calories usually present in regular Coke, and that the caloric reduction will lead to weight loss only as part of an overall sensible diet and exercise regimen (养生法) dependent on individual metabolism (新陈代谢)," Alsup said in the decision. Alsup said the studies cited by Becerra suggest a connection between Diet Coke-type drinks and weight gain, but they do not suggest causation. He added that one of the studies even says that weight gain is "due to the behavior of consumers, rather than the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners. Alsup also rejected the idea that Diet Coke advertising would suggest advertising will feature healthy and attractive consumers enjoying the subject products and will not star the unhealthy and unfit. The decision on Tuesday, said that the prosecutor has until March 22 to file a motion to amend the complaint. A spokesperson for the Coca-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court dismissed prosecutor baseless complaint.1. What was the lawsuit against?A: One of Coca-Cola's drinks made people think it would make them thinner.B: The Coca-Cola company misled people to believe the safety of its products.C: The advertisements exaggerated the health effects of Diet Coke.D: The judge discriminated the consumers in favor of the Coco-Cola company.2. What are the side effects of sweeteners?A: They stimulate people's spirits and make them energetic.B: They increase people's weight and the potential possibility of getting sick.C: They provide nutritious refreshment for fat consumers.D: They add a nice touch to the soft drinks and make them popular.3. Why did Judge William Alsup dismiss the charge?A: Because the prosecutor couldn't provide solid evidence to support her lawsuit.B: Because the Coca-Cola company didn't do anything wrong.C: Because he was reasonable enough to know the effects of soft drinks.D: Because the consumer made no sense in this lawsuit.4. According to Alsup, how can people lose weight with Diet Coke?A: They should reduce the calories they take in.B: They should replace the regular Coca with Diet Coke.C: They should reduce their drinking of Diet Coke.D: They should pay attention to their diet and do exercise.5. What was the Coca-Cola company's attitude towards the Judge's decision?A: Angry.B: Regretful.C: Pleased.D: Shameful.

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each-|||-blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before-|||-making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter -|||-each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank-|||-more than once.-|||-Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.-|||-A new scholarly study documenting the poor health of southern military recruit (新兵)has been much-|||-reported.The team of researchers found that male and female army recruits from ten southern states were-|||- 26 less fit and much more likely to become 27 _while on duty than male and female recruits from-|||-other parts of the country.-|||-The authors of this careful study,based on data drawn from 170,000 recruits, 28 that the overall-|||-poor state of public health in the South shows up clearly in the data on military recruits from the region,and-|||-that,as a result,is impairing U.S.military readiness and national 29 。-|||-There is no reason to challenge the study's overall findings, however depress but adding a bit of-|||-historical context might allow us better to 30 them.It is important to note that the study's findings will-|||-not 31 any student of southern history. The South has long been a public health disaster area,with the-|||-region's population 32 the charts in statistics relating to mortality and various indices(指数)of risky-|||-health outcomes for a century and a half.The region's doubted rankings in these regards are closely 33 -|||-to wealth,poverty,educational achievement,a other socio-economic 34 -|||-The average level of income,high level of poverty,and poor state of public health in the region over the-|||-last one hundred fifty years have presented in countless ways,including in high rates of rejection for military-|||-service in the Spanish-American War,World War I,and World War Ⅱ.In each of these cases the 35 reason-|||-for rejection was related to weight.-|||-A)account F)integrate K)security-|||-B) broadly G)interpret L) significantly-|||-C)calculate H)primary M)suggest-|||-D)indicators I) related N)surprise-|||-E) injured J) relieve O)topping

Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Most of us trust our doctors even when they hand us a prescription for a drug we can't pronounce. But natural, holistic (全面的) products are fully in vogue nowadays, and the Internet has created a way for non-experts to become as- or more informed as their general practitioner when it comes to obscure treatment methods.“People are now more willing to take their health and wellness into their own hands,”says Danielle Hardee, a wellness advocate for do TERRA International.Oddly enough, until fairly recently, Hardee was not one of those people. Her first experience with essential oils came in treating her pet bulldog. After seeking suggestions for the sickly pet on Facebook, a fellow fosterer told Hardee about certain oils she could try applying to the animal's skin. Pairing her curiosty with healthy skepticism, Hardee dove deep into researching the safety of the oils. “I was very happy with everything I found," she says.“I started not just using them on the foster dog, but also our son, who needed thebenefits of the respiratory support. ”While the dog' s recovery was soon apparent, the benefits for her son were almost immediate.The oils in question are considered essential" not due to any proven vitality, but because they contain the essence of the plants from which they are extracted. Peppermint, lavender and citruses are among the most common on the market today, but numerous essential oils have been in use for several centuries After seeing how beneficial the concentrated liquids were to both the two legged and four-legged members of her family, Hardee soon found herself teaching essential oil casses.“It became something I felt so strongly about, I had to share it," she says. The classes quickly grew in size and geographical span and Hardee soon became an advocate for doTERRA International, a natural nutrition and wellness company.As growing popularity pushes essential oils into the broader market, Hardee recommends curious customers proceed with caution concerning quality and purity. Hardee believes the effects of quality oils will be the evidence that helps them prevail.“I'm not a holistic health guru (专家)，”she emphasizes.“I'm just seeing it with my own eyes."46. What is people's attitude to their health and wellness nowadays?A) They are ready to put their health into the doctors' hands.B) They are convinced that the natural methods are of no use to them.C) They are willing to use natural methods to deal with their willness.D) They are reluctant to visit doctors and get some prescriptions.47. What did Hardee do with the suggestions about oils on Facebook?A) She made detailed studies to make sure the oils were safe.B) She tried the oils on herself to sce whether they were effective.C) She asked the professional doctors for advice.D) She totally accepted the oils without any doubt.48. Why are those oils considered“essential"?A) Because they are used to save people's lives.B) Because they are taken from the essence of plants.C) Because they are essential to patients' recovery.49. According to the passage, what is the probable effect of the oils on humans?A) They function as a psychological comfort to humans.B) They provide sweet flavor for humans.C) They stimulate humans' spirits and make them energetic.D) They exert beneficial healing effects on humans.50. What is Hardee's suggestion for curious customers?A) They should question the effects of the oils on any occasion.B) They may choose any one they like since the oils are popular.C) They should choose those oils which are good and pure.D) They should trust the oils because they have been used for centuries.

The following questions are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-1-|||-⑥A)200.-|||-④B)60.-|||-C)120.-|||-D)260.-|||-()2-|||-A A)Buddhism.-|||-B)Christianity.-|||-C C)Hinduism.-|||-D)Islam.-|||-3-|||-A) It is widely devastated.-|||-B) 1,000 tetabovesed eevet-|||-C)The rainfall there is small.-|||-D)It is located at high altitude.

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviours are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviours. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents (辩护者) of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if any, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behaviour is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviourists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviourist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviourists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimulation as the basis of their behaviour. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardised intelligent tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviourists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 1 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A Nature or Nurture B Cooperative or Competitive C Intelligence: Product of Experiences D Behaviour: Product of Instincts 2 In Paragraph 2, what does the author mean by saying “two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed”? A Two different schools have been established to study the matter. B Two different kinds of ideas about the formation of people’s personalities and behaviours have formed. C Two different schools are debating with each other. D There are two approaches and debates because of the two schools. 3 Behaviourists believe that ____ . A humans should behave mechanically B human behaviour patterns are based on biological and genetic factors C human behaviour is mainly determined by their surroundings D factors of the environment have little influence on people’s personalities 4 How does the author probably explain the different scores between blacks and whites in standardised intelligence tests? A Blacks are genetically inferior to whites. B Blacks don’t have the same opportunity for education as whites. C Blacks and whites develop different responses. D Both nature and nurture play a role in this matter. 5 The reason why the controversy will continue between nature supporters and nurture supporters for a long time is that ____ . A there are two schools working on it B the key to human behaviour is difficult to find C both theories make sense D either of the theories has gone to an extreme

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect． If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly． Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect． Dr． Sasaki knew the "first-night" effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved． The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day． She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining watchful enough to avoid predators（捕食者）． This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing． To take a closer look， the team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences． The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains． Dr． Sasaki found， as expected， the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second， taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall． During deep sleep， the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins． On the first night only， the left hemispheres（半球） of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did． Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment， Dr． Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps（蜂鸣声） of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night． She worked out that， if the left hemisphere was staying watchful to keep guard in a strange environment， then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones． This is precisely what she found．（1）What did researchers find puzzling about the "first-night" effect？ ____ A． To what extent it can trouble people．B． What role it has played in evolutionC． In what way it can be beneficial．D． What circumstances may set it off．（2）What do we learn about Dr． Sasaki doing her research？ ____ A． She found birds and dolphins remain watchful while asleep．B． She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way．C． She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns．D． She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins．（3）What did Dr． Sasaki do when she first did her experiment？ ____ A． She employed 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences．B． She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment．C． She kept the participants awake．D． She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects．（4）What did Dr． Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment？ ____ A． They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others．B． They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps．C． They tended to see irregular beeps as a threat．D． They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones．

Section A-|||-Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each-|||-blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully-|||-before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding-|||-letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the-|||-words in the bank more than once.-|||-Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.-|||-A new scholarly study documenting the poor health of southern military recruit (新兵)has been much-|||-reported.The team of researchers found that male and female army recruits from ten southern states were-|||- 26 less fit and much more likely to become 27 while on duty than male and female recruits from-|||-other parts of the country.-|||-The authors of this careful study,based on data drawn from 170,000 recruits, 28 that the overall-|||-poor state of public health in the South shows up clearly in the data on military recruits from the region,and-|||-that,as a result,is impairing U.S.military readiness and national 29 .-|||-There is no reason to challenge the study`s overall findings, however depress but adding a bit of-|||-historical context might allow us better to 30 them.It is important to note that the study`s findings will-|||-not 31 any student of southern history. The South has long been a public health disaster area,with the-|||-region`s population 32 the charts in statistics relating to mortality and various indices(指数)of risky-|||-health outcomes for a century and a half.The region`s doubted rankings in these regards are closely 33 -|||-to wealth,poverty,educational achievement, and othersocio-economic 34 .-|||-The average level of income, high level of poverty,and poor state of public health in the region over the-|||-last one hundred fifty years have presented in countless ways,including in high rates of rejection for military-|||-service in the Spanish-American War,World War I,and World War Ⅱ.In each of these cases the 35 -|||-reason for rejection was related to weight.-|||-A)account F) integrate K)security-|||-B) broadly G)interpret L) significantly-|||-C)calculate H)primary M)suggest-|||-D)indicators I) related N) surprise-|||-E) injured J) relieve O) topping

The following questions are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-1-|||-④A)200.-|||-B)60.-|||-C. C)120.-|||-D)260.-|||-()-|||-A)Buddhism.-|||-B)Christianity.-|||-C)Hinduism.-|||-D)Islam.-|||-3-|||-A)It is widely devastated.-|||-B) 1,000 tin e abovesed eeve-|||-C)The rainfall there is small.-|||-D)It is located at high altitude.

Volumes have been written about technology’s ability to connect people. But burying one’s nose in a book has always been somewhat isolating―with its unspoken assertion that the reader does not want to be disturbed. So what about a device that occupies the evolving intersection (交集) between? “Strangers constantly ask about it,” Michael Hughes, a communications associate at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, said of his iPad, which he uses to read a mix of novels and nonfiction. “It’s almost like having a new baby.” An iPad owner for four months, Mr. Hughes said people were much more likely to approach him now than when he toted (携带) a book. “People approach me and ask to see it, to touch it, how much I like it,” he said. “That rarely happens with dead-tree books.” With the price of e-readers coming down, sales of the small devices are rising. Last month, Amazon reported that so far this year, Kindle sales had tripled over last year’s. When Amazon cut Kindle’s price in June to 189 from 259, over the next month Amazon sold 180 e-books for every 100 hardcovers. Social manners surrounding the act of reading alone in public may be changing along with increased popularity. Suddenly, the lone, unapproachable reader at the corner table seems less alone. Given that some e-readers can display books while connecting online, there’s a chance the former bookworm is already plugged into a conversation somewhere, said Paul Levinson, professor of Communication and Media Studies at Fordham University. “I think, historically, there has been a stigma (耻辱) attached to the bookworm, and that actually came from the not-untrue notion that, if you were reading, you weren’t socializing with other people,” Dr. Levinson said. “But the e-reader changes that also because e-readers are connected to bigger systems.” For many, e-readers are today’s must-have accessory, eating into old notions of what being bookish might have meant. “Buying literature has become cool again,” he said.1 Why does the author say that readers are somewhat isolated?A Because they imply that they don’t want to be disturbed.B Because they like to bury their faces in the books.C Because they are lonely people in nature.D Because they make contact with others.2 What can we conclude from Michael Hughes’ words?A People are curious about him.B He has just had a new baby.C He never uses his iPad to read.D People come to him to ask about his iPad.3 What is new in the e-readers compared with the former bookworms?A They can read alone in public.B They are the lonely, unapproachable readers.C They can launch a conversation while reading.D They like talking while reading.4 What is the author’s attitude toward e-books?A Positive.B Negative.C Indifferent.D Biased.5 What is the main idea of the passage?A E-books are reviving again.B E-books become less expensive.C Readers are not alone anymore.D E-books make readers less isolated.