Section A Directions:Directions:Translate the following passage(s)into English(with the given words or^---^'胡同'这个名字源于十三世纪时的元朝,是人们当时对小巷或小街道的叫法,已有700多年历史。自古以来,胡同就是北京普通老百姓生活的场所,是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加,以及城市建设的需要,许多老胡同被拆除,取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦,一段历史和文化也永远消失了。保护胡同对现代人来说是个迫切的问题。

1. As we got to the top of the mountain, a ______ valley came into view, with colorful red rocks and tall trees blending together over the river.A. majesticB. metallicC. climaticD. cosmetic

名词解释 （共2题，10.0分）24. （5.0分）Westward Movement

Driver’s License Test Tips This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test. Adequate preparation is absolutely essential, without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant. Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life. It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases, as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law. For some people, the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test. There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow, to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license. The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared. This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice. If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test, all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’s license test will be utterly pointless and redundant. You can read as many drivers’ license test tips as you want, but if you are not practicing enough, then all these driving test tips will be in vain. Enrolling yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.Tips for Passing Your Driver’s License Test Now, if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test, the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for. The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on. ● Starting the vehicle: The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle. He will note if you turn your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle. Here are some tips on learning to drive a car. ● Control of the vehicle: He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle. Your abilities with the gas pedal, the brake, the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized. ● Steering: Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering. This quality is closely analyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward (任性的), the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim. ● Driving in traffic: Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance. Many people get extremely stressed and nervous, when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic. Also read more on road safety and car safety. ● Traffic signs and lane discipline: This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on. Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test. Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your very first attempt. ● Stopping: Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have. When the instructor asks you to stop the car, the timing, the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind. ● Backing up and distance judgment: Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized. If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily, parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you. ● Hill parking: One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking. This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver. If you can display good skills at hill parking, it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle. ● Arm signals and driving etiquette: Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time. Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test. Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses. Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a better chance of clearing their driver’s license test. The primary goal of these driver’s license test tips is to instill (慢慢灌输) a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individual. These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and unless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.More Tips Here are a few more basic drivers’ license test tips that you should keep in mind when you’re learning how to prepare for your driving test. ● Always use the restroom before your test begins. Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test. ● Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test. ● Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly. ● Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork. ● Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach. ● Stick to the permitted speed limit. Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either. Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education, you could face a lot of difficulties. At the end of the day, remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test, so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test. This cannot be reinstated enough, but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.What should be considered by yourself when you stop your test car A. Whether you stop your car smoothly.B. Whether you stop your car at the right place.C. Whether you stop your car smoothly and at the right place.D. Your timing, positioning and technique.

用铅笔把答题卡上相应题号中正确答案的标号涂黑。答案不涂写在答题卡上，成绩无效。Part I Reading Comprehension(共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)Directions:In this part there are four passages．Each passage is followed by five comprehension questions．Read the passage and answer the questions．Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet．Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageSometimes，people simply do not realize they are being ill mannered．Take Ted，for example．He prides himself on speaking his mind，and has something to say on everything．But his frankness is often extremely embarrassing．He is incapable of saying，“I thought that last advertising campaign had a lot of good ideas in it，but perhaps next time we could give the copy more vitality(活力)．”Instead，he would say，“That campaign was a disaster．A child of three could have done better!”The fact that he is often right does not help．Other employees dislike his manner even more，but he is too sensitive to notice．________________________．Everything is done unwillingly．Askingher to do a task beyond her basic job description is often not worth the trouble．It will bedone，but only half-heartedly．D. Helpers are often hired by the riders. Passage4Questions 16to 20are based on the following passageIn the second half of each year , many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic andCaribbeanseas. Of these , only about half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast .These they cause millions of dollars of damage , and bring death to large numbers of people.The great storms that hit the coast start as________hundreds-even thousands-of miles out to sea .As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun .they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top.________As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counterclockwise motion.Fergus is just the opposite．He shows an over-familiarity to his boss．When animportant visitor is shown into the manager’s office，Fergus cannot take the hint and leave．Instead he will attempt to take part in the conversation，declaring，“You can talk in front of me．Henry and I don’t have many secrets，do we?”Over the years Fergus has fallen behind his former equals．But he seeks to maintain the same close relationship that he imagines existed in their younger days．( )1．Which of the following words describes Ted best?A．Cold．B．Tactless．C．Stupid．D．Warm-hearted．( )2．It can be inferred from the passage that Ted．A．is well-known for his honesty B．tends to blame others rather than himselfC．often gives the right idea in the wrong way D．is treated unfairly by the management( )3．Which of the following is true about Sally?A．She thinks it’ s unfair to have so much work to do．B．She is unhappy to help others．C．She hates being ordered about．D．She does everything half-heartedly．( )4．From the passage，we can infer that Fergus________.A．was once close to all his colleagues．B．has remained in the same position for YearsC．doesn’t know what a hint is D．knows everything that happens in the office( )5.The writer is taking the point of view of．A．a colleagueB．people like TedC．an employeeD．a managerPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 1 0 are based on the following passageA lot of real businesses are focusing on the Internet as a way of building sales．________________It’s not as hard as you think and it can be a lot of fun.. Carol Masser has some tips on building your own Web site．“Like my living room，or my study，it’s where I put mementos(纪念品)，collectibles(收藏物)，books and paintings and things that 1 would like to show to my friends and relatives．”Renne Tubegeihan uses his own Web site to invite people into his virtual home．While John Marashod designed his own．Web site to attract other parents of disabled children．“I'd say the goal of this site is to basically link parents in the same situation with disabled children and exchange ideas with one another．”Renne and John are part of a growing number of surfers who have established their own Web sites．If you want to weave a Web yourself，it’s easier than you think．The first step is to get your own Web address．They’re sold by Web service providers like Microsoft，AT&T，and other local companies．You are expected to pay between 15 and 25 dollars every month to rent space for your site．But some companies，like Tripod and Geocities，issue the site for free if you agree to allow their advertising on your page．Before you get into setting up your own Web site，you should go around and do some surfing and check out other sites．Once you know what you want to do，1t's time to build．If you just want the basics，you can use Microsoft’s free Internet Assistant；or if you want to get a little fancier，you can buy a software program like Adobe Pagemill for 100 dollars，or Microsoft’s FrontPage Editor for 150 dollars．( )6．According to the passage，some people create their own Web sites in order to.A．sell their personal things B．set up family businessC．communicate with others D．show off their Web-site building skills( )7．What is the main goal of John Marashod’s Web site?A．To contact parents who like to share their ideas on raising children．B．To link parents who offer free service to disabled children．C．To send information to disabled children．D．To link parents with disabled children so as to communicate with each other．( )8．Some companies offer free Web addresses provided that.A．their advertisements are allowed to be put on the Web siteB．the Web service providers agree to put their advertisement on their Web sitesC．Microsoft and other service providers pay the monthly rentD．25 dollars are paid to Microsoft，AT&T or other local companies( )9．What do you need to do after you get your Web site address according to the passage?A．You need to contact a local company for free advertising．B．You need to surf some web sites so as to decide what will be included in your Web site．C．You need to learn the basic skills of creating a Web site．D．You need to buy a software program called Adobe Pagemill．( )10．What does the author think about creating one’s own Web site?A．It’s very complicated．B．It’s expensive by American standard．C．It’s much easier than we think．D．It’s just too simple．PassagethreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passageMoods，say the experts，are emotions that tend to become fixed，influencing one’s outlook for hours，days or even weeks．That’s great if your mood is a pleasant one，but a problem if you are sad，anxious，angry or simply lonely．Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out；sometimes，though，there is no one to listen．Modern pharmacology(药物学)offers a lot of tranquilizers(镇静剂),antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs．________________________________________________________________________________________．These can be just as useful asdrugs，and have theadded benefit of being non-poisonous．So next time you feel out of sorts，don’t head for the drug-store，try the following approach．Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques，aerobic(增氧健体的)exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood．“If you could keep the exercise，you’d be in high spirits．”says Kathryn Lance，author of Running for Health and Beauty．Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compared favorably to drugs as a mood．raiser．Physical exertion such as housework，however，does little．The key is aerobic exercise—running，cycling，walking，swimming or other repetitive and tamed activities that boost the heart rate，increase circulation(血液循环)and improve the body’s utilization(利用)of oxygen．Do them for at least 20 minutes a session，three of five times a week．( )1 1．What is the main subject of the passage?A．How to beat a bad mood．B．How to do physical exercise．C．How to talk bad moods out．D．How to get involved in aerobic exercise．( )1 2．It can be inferred from the passage that.A．the best way to overcome a bad mood is to talk to oneselfB．when one is in a bad mood，he or she may not work very efficientlyC．some drugs are more effective than physical exerciseD．a person can make a big profit if he is in a good mood( )13．“Feel out of sorts’’in the second paragraph could be best replaced by“”.A．put things in orderB．be in a bad moodC．search for tranquilizersD．need a mood-raiser( )14．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Doing housework can also help you overcome bad mood．B．Aerobic exercise can make you in high spirits．C．Swimming，walking，or running is an efficient cure for a bad mood．D．Taking anti．anxiety drugs might do harm to people’s health．( )15．Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?A．A procedure is explained and its significance is emphasized．B．A problem is pointed out and solutions are given．C．Two contrasting views of a problem are presented．D．Recent pharmacological advancements are outlined in order of importance．Passage Four‘(非英语类学生必做，英语类学生不做，16---20小题)Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passageThe average person swallows about half-a-ton of food a year—not counting drink— and though the body is remarkably efficient at extracting(摄取)just what it needs from this huge mixture，it can only cope up to a point．If you go on eating too much of some things and not enough of others，you’11 eventually get out of condition and your health win suffer．So think before you start eating．It may look good．It may taste good．Fine! But how much good is it really doing you?________________________________________．The tendency to puton weight rather easily，for example，often runs in families—which means that theyhave to take particular care．And your parents may shape your future in another way．The way you are brought up shapes same basic attitudes to food—like whether you have a sweet tooth，nibble(吃零食)between meals，take big mouthfuls or eat chips with everything．Eating habits，good or bad，tend to get passed on．And then there is your lifestyle．How much you spend on food(time as well as money)，how much exercise you get—these can alter the balance between food and fitness．And finally，both your age and your sex may affect this balance．For example，you’re more likely to put on weight as you get older，especially if you’re a woman．

Nowadays, people simply can't imagine a world ____ the Internet and technology such as cell phones and computers.

There were three different criteria for people to be eligible for social housing, with priority ________ to families on benefit or people over 65 years old.A. giveB. givenC. givingD. to give

26. The ecology in some regions of the world is so __________ that the introduction of any invasive species will likely cause the destruction of their biodiversity.A. accessibleB. vulnerableC. negotiableD. applicable

For many of us,particularly men,sport is a major part of our lives.We play it as a child,-|||-loving the physicality of it,the competition and the sheer fun.Then when we stop playing-|||-it,we start watching it.Millions of people watching the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are-|||-fascinated by the sight of men and women operating at the very limits of their potential,-|||-struggling to beat a record or defeat their opponents.Man`s myths are full of superheroes,-|||-and it`s easy to feel that world-class athletes at the peak of their powers have something of-|||-the superhero about them.-|||-It`s no wonder then that the language of sport permeates our everyday conversation.It`s-|||-most often used in the form of sporting metaphors -for example,we might say when-|||-completing an essay,"I m almost at the finishing line",or"It was a marathon".It`s often-|||-been noted that sporting metaphors are particularly popular in political and business circles-|||-because,like sport,these areas involve not only high com petitiveness but also teamwork-|||-and playing by the rules.-|||-An amusing story that illustrates this concerns a Chinese computer company which works-|||-with managers from top American computer companies.At meetings and on telephone-|||-conference calls,Chinese and American managers had many difficulties c mmunicating-|||-with sporting terms causing the most confusion of all.The Americans would start a meeting-|||-by saying,"Let`s kick off," the kick-off being the start of the match.Once the discussion had-|||-started,an American might make a point and then say to the Chinese team,"The ball`s in-|||-your court,"or having made a point,he might turn to a colleague and say,"Can I pass the-|||-baton to you?"The misunderstandings became so bad that eventually managers agreed to-|||-ban sporting metaphors from conference calls.-|||-________-|||-Now choose the best answer to the questions.-|||-1 Why do people enjoy watching the Olympic Games?-|||-(a)Because the athletes often beat a record.-|||-(b)Because it`s fun watching two people being very competitive-|||-(c)Because these are top athletes doing the best they are capable of.-|||-(d)Because the athletes are very unusual.-|||-2 Why is "It was a marathon"a sporting metaphor for completing an essay?-|||-(a)Because a marathon is long and difficult,as an essay can be.-|||-(b)Because in some ways writing an essay is like a sport.-|||-(c)Because you have to complete a marathon.-|||-(d)Because both activities are very physical.-|||-3 Why are sporting metaphors used by politicians and businesspeople?-|||-(a)Because there are similarities between sports,politics and business.-|||-(b)Because politicians and businesspeople like to see themselves as-|||-powerful.-|||-(c) Because sporting metaphors often refer to competitions.-|||-(d)Because businesspeople and politicians often like to play or watch-|||-sport.-|||-4 What did the Chinese company have most problems with?-|||-(a)American managers.-|||-(b)Meetings and conferenc calls.-|||-(c)Expressions used by the Americans.-|||-(d)Conference calls.-|||-5 What is meant by the expression"Can I pass the baton to you?"when used-|||-in a meeting?-|||-(a)"Can you continue with what I was saying?"-|||-(b)"Do you agree?"-|||-(c)"What do you think of what I have said?"-|||-(d)"Have I said enough?

The world needs care-givers, volunteers and donors to work to help those living in ________, emotionally, physically, and materially.A. anguishB. expenditureC. proximityD. excess