I ended up majoring in journalism with a minor in English after rediscovering my lofor writing.I then applied for the newspaper job and was accepted on my first try.Iwas lucky enough to be at a school with a reputable journalism program.I was alsolucky in the sense that I discovered my career aspirations at the ripe age of 20,not jusbecause it saved me unknown tuition dollars pursuing unknown degrees with unknowextra classes.I found the porridge just right,so I swallowed it.

Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category "dog" if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs."There are over ten different names for this basic principle," says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. "Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli."To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. "These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared — which means that we currently don't know which is most effective for learning," says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the "Mr. Miyagi principle", practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories."Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives," explains Raviv. "For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.""We hope this work will spark people's curiosity and generate more work on the topic," concludes Raviv. "Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?"51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category "dog" if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A. They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B. They will try to categorise other objects first.C. They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D. They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A. Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B. Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C. Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D. Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A. Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B. Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C. Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D. Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A. People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B. Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C. People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D. The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A. Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B. Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C. Arouse people's interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D. Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着中国经济的快速发展和国际交往的日益广泛，世界各国对汉语学习的需求急剧增长。在借鉴其他国家推广本民族语言经验的基础上，中国从2004年起开始在海外设立孔子学院。孔子学院是以教授汉语和传播中国文化为宗旨的非营利(non-profit)机构。到2012年底，中国已经在全球108个国家和地区建立了大约400所孔子学院和500个孔子课堂。

翻译：Residents immediately found creative ways to incorporate a McDonald's or an Olympic toilet into their routines.A. 居民们马上发现创造性的方法去与麦当劳和奥运厕所合作B. 街坊居民立马就能想出计策把麦当劳或奥运厕所融入自己的日常活动之中

because the margins had fallen too low . ____A. 因为空间降到太低。B. 因为实在挣不到什么钱。

自从1978年12月改革开放以来中国经历了巨大变革。A. The reforming and opening since December 1978 has brought about a drama change in China.B. The reform and opening up since December 1978 has brought about a dramatic change in China.

For this part, please write an essay on the given topic Are people becoming addicted to technology? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Gray rooftop tiles recalled traditional hutong architecture.A. 屋顶的灰瓦使人想起传统的胡同建筑。B. 灰色屋顶瓦片回忆起传统的胡同建筑。。

27Thinking kind thoughts about yourself and your loved ones can prove beneficial for your overall wellbeing, empirical evidence has shown. Researchers carried out an investigation to explore the 26 between having kind thoughts and a person’s psychological state.For the study, five groups of participants were presented with a different set of audio instructions, some of which encouraged the participants to think 27 about themselves and others which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner. After listening to the audio instructions, the participants were asked to answer a series of questions. These included whether they felt agitated, how likely they were to show kindness to themselves and how 28 they felt to other individuals.The participants who were instructed to think kindly about themselves were more likely to exhibit a bodily response associated with being relaxed and feeling safe. Their heart rates also dropped, which is a healthy sign of a heart that can respond flexibly to situations. Yet, 29 , those who listened to the critical audio clips were noted as having a higher heart rate and sweat response afterwards, both of which 30 feelings of threat and distress.Having the ability to switch off the body’s natural threat response can 31 a person’s immune system. This, in turn, gives them a greater likelihood of recovering quickly from illness. These findings help us to further understand some of our clinical trials research findings, where we show that individuals with 32 depression benefit particularly from self-awareness-based 33 therapy. They essentially learn to become more sympathetic to themselves.The sense is that for people 34 to depression, meeting their negative thoughts and feelings with 35 is a radically different way; that these thoughts are not facts. It introduces a different way of being and knowing that is quite transformative for many people.A. adverselyB. amiablyC. boostD. cognitiveE. compassionF. connectedG. correlationfascinatedindignantlyinsulationlavishpronerecurrentsignifysurpass

We can't imagine ____________ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.A. she succeedingB. her succeedingC. she succeedD. her to succeed