12．宇宙飞船很快就要发射了，控制室的人已经开始在倒数了．The spaceship will soon be launched，the people at control have already begun tocount down．
•Asking someone to help you out can be stressful. What if they feel like you're bothering them? Or using them? What if they say no, or worse, don't even bother responding? But according to psychologists Robert Cialdini, the author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, there's an easy way to get someone to give you what you need. Do something useful for them first.He calls it the rule of reciprocity. "People will help if they owe you for something you did in the past to advance their goals," he told The Harvard Business Review. For example, let's say you want a coworker to proofread a project report before you submit it to management. A few days before, consider asking that coworker if you can pick up dinner for her when you're both staying late at the office. The key part is reminding your coworker that she can return the favor. Instead of saying "no big deal" when she thanks you for grabbing an extra sandwich, Cialdini recommends saying something like, "Of course; it's what partners do for each otherCialdini says this strategy works because people across cultures learn the reciprocity norm from a young age. And it affects all kinds of interactions. In an interview with NPR, Cialdini cited a study that highlighted the role of reciprocity in tipping behavior. In one experiment, waiters gave customers a piece of candy and then spontaneously allowed them to select a second one before leaving the bill on the table. Tips increased 21%. The researchers say the reciprocity rule explains their findings—people felt obligated (有责任的) to return the act of generosity, even though they didn't specifically request that the waiter bring them candy.This strategy takes a lot of the pressure out of asking for favors. Presumably, once you help someone out, you'll feel like you deserve their help and won't worry so much about annoying them. Meanwhile, they'll probably feel like they owe you one and won't think twice about giving you what you need
The ideal companion machine — the computer — would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style. would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intonate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own. Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend. An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user"s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer"s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?A．Active in communication.B．Attractive in personality.C．Enjoyable in performance.D．Unpredictable in behaviour.
3.填空题(15分)Fill in the blanks with the following phrases.sink / get one's teeth into sth.,slave away (at sth.),count (down) the minutes / hours / days, at hand, contend with sth.1. Qian Qihu输入答案 the cause of national defense, since he fostered a sense of personal pride in his work.2. She输入答案 in the kitchen afternoon, preparing a feast for the family gathering.3. We need to make the best of the massive online learning resources输入答案 in the Internet Age.4. To be happy or not to be happy, that is the输入答案 every day.5. Laborers, but workers are energized.
As in swimming in the last twenty years, women's skills in the sport have improved, and continue to improve, at a _____ rate.A. profitable B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorite
So far, ________ winds and currents have kept the thick patch of oil southeast of the Atlantic coast.A. governingB. blowingC. prevailingD. ruling
Complete the following sentences by filling in each blank with an appropriate word or-|||-phrase from the box below. Change its form if necessary.-|||-eradicate retain trek contend-|||-耕等-|||-boost put forward make concerted efforts proceed from-|||-contribute to fall into elaborate on lag behind-|||-give full rein to rely on set out-|||-1.We will work with other countries to strengthen macro-economic policy-|||-coondination,opooc protcc improve global economic governance and __-|||-__ global growth.-|||-2.We the people of all ethnic groups in China should bear our mission in mind and-|||-__ to turn the wisdom and strength of our 1.3 billion-|||-people into an invincible force.-|||-3.Instead,we should continue to __ drawbacks in the-|||-system,and make it more mature and more enduring.-|||-4.The fate of the Party's undertakings __ whether it can-|||-maintain its ties with the people.-|||-5.Our Party has stood the test of time for 95 years,but we should always __-|||-__ the spirit of the Communists at the time of the founding of our Party-|||-6.Over 2,000 years ago, our ancestors, __ across vast steppes-|||-and deserts,opened the transcontinental pass connecting Asia,Europe an-|||-Africa,known today as the Silk Road.-|||-7.In face of the new trends of scientific and technological innovat the world's major-|||-countries are seeking to make new scientific and technologi breakthroughs and-|||-gain competitive edges in future economic as well as scientific and technologi-|||-development.We cannot afford to __ in this important race.-|||-8.Overseas Chinese should carry forward the Chinese nation's fine traditions of diligence-|||-and kindness,and __ the development of the country and-|||-friendship between the Chinese people and the people in their host countries.
The job is highly ________, both physically and mentally.A. demandingB. emphasizingC. increasingD. consuming
Passage 31-|||-Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there-|||-before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went,we had planned for months.-|||-When the day came,we were ready.-|||-After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 -|||-(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell) that our rooms-|||-hadn't been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after.I didn't understand 5 this would-|||-happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What's worse,the hotel-|||-had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do,the manager came out.She was 7 -|||-(surprise) helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.-|||-We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we weren't charged extra.-|||-The next day,my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball-|||-We got a little 10 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.-|||-1. __ 2. __ 3. __ 4. __ 5. __-|||-6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B.Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.be armed withbe equipped forkind ofgo a long wayturn outpay the price1. In addition to getting them vaccinated (接种疫苗) against both seasonal and H1N1 flu, teach your kids basic hygiene habits, which can____in preventing the spread of the virus.2. That's____abstract, so let's take a concrete example recently reported in the Financial Times.3. The latest movie made by that internationally famous director____to be a total failure.4. His room is big and in fact is a room for 3 and the bathroom is even____a disabled person.5.____knowledge, you'll be a good teacher.
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If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened