I hope that this wonderful time is not over and we will be able to continue to enjoy this warm ______ for many years.A. hospitalityB. fatalityC. moralityD. punctuality

({B)}Is College Really Worth the Money ({/B)}({B)}The Real World({/B)} Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union. The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree but a boatload of debt. She owed 15,000 in student loans and had racked up 4.000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out. So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington. D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved Nope. At age 24. she takes home about 1.800 a month. 1.200 of which-disappears to pay her tent. Add another t80 a month to retire her student loans and 300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math." she says. Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐) her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she’ll never own a house or be able to retire. It’s not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don’t tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income." she says That’s precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They’re mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith. they’re facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(沉重的) student loans and smothering credit card debt not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal. "We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils." says Elizabeth Warren. a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity, or go to college end face a life shackled(束缚 ) by debt."({B)}Tuition Hikes({/B)} For some time. colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, end rising health care costs. Now there’s a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education. Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who---especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations (拨款) fell by t0 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more then 10 percent. One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell’s family is feeling the palm A bookkeeper m Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis. Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can’t afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once. Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California’s community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.({B)}Collapsing Investments({/B)} Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans--federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear fr0m many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don’t have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup (补偿) their losses. Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn’t have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was than only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least 10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. "There wasn’t any way to do it differently," she says, "and I’m not happy about it. I’ve sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I’ll be 35 years old." That’s if she’s very lucky: Nedine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least 120,000 a year.({B)}Dependent on Loans and Credit Cards({/B)} The American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, the median loan debt at public institutions rose from 10,342 to 15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to 23 000 from the federal government). But students aren’t stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed 4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from 1.5 billion just five years earlier. For 10ts of students, the worst of it isn’t even the weight of those direct student loans. It’s what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their Own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That’s no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(诱惑) students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school’s picture or its logo For sanctioning such a card―a must-have for some students--a college department or association gets payments ’from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average 2,327.({B)}A Wise Choice ({/B)} One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O’Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don’t count on it, O’Donnell told him. She couldn’t afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. "He said he felt like a failure," O’Donnell recalls. "He didn’t know how he had gotten into such a mess." A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O’Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his suicide. "Sean tried to pay his debts off," she says. "And he couldn’t take it." To be sure, suicides are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don’t require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice. Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing 20,000 in student loans and another 7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she’ll probably need to start with a more lucrative (有利的) legal job. Like so many other students, Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faith that she could deal with the consequences. "You say to yourself, ’I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I’ll manage.’" Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.Students get money from not only federal loans but also ______.

Police have ______________to the public to come forward with any information which might help them in their inquiries．( )A. urgedB. claimedC. appealedD. called

Motion pictures are so much a part of our lives that it's hard to imagine a world without them． We enjoy them in theatres， at home， in offices， in cars and buses， and on airplanes．① For about 100 years， people have been trying to understand why this medium has so attracted us． Films communicate information and ideas， and they show us places and ways of life we might not otherwise know． Important as the benefits are， though， something more is at stake． Films offer us ways of seeing and feeling that we find deeply satisfying． They take us through experiences． The experiences are often driven by stories， with characters we come to care about， but a film might also develop an idea or explore visual qualities or sound textures． A film takes us on a journey， offering a patterned experience that engages our minds and emotions．② Films are designed to have effects on viewers． Late in the 19th century， moving pictures emerged as a public amusement． They succeeded because they spoke to the imaginative needs of a broad-based audience． All the traditions that emerged- telling fictional stories， recording actual events， animating objects or pictures， experimenting with pure form-aimed to give viewers experiences they couldn't get from other media． The men and women who made films discovered that they could control aspects of cinema to give their audience richer， more engaging experiences． Learning from one another， expanding and refining the options available， filmmakers developed skills that became the basis of film as an art form．③The popular origins of cinema suggest that some common ways of talking won't help us much in understanding film． Take the distinction between art and entertainment． Some people would say that blockbusters（大片） playing at the multiplex are merely "entertainment"， whereas films for a narrower public-perhaps independent films for festival fare， or specialized experimental works-are true art． Usually the art / entertainment split carries a not-so-hidden value judgment： art is high-brow， whereas entertainment is superficial． Yet things aren't that simple． As we just indicated， many of the artistic resources of cinema were discovered by filmmakers working for the general public． During the 1910s and 1920s， for instance， many films that aimed only to be entertaining opened up new possibilities for film editing． As for the matter of value， it's clear that popular traditions can promote art of high quality． Cinema is an art because it offers filmmakers ways to design experiences for viewers， and those experiences can be valuable．④ Sometimes， too， people treat film art as opposed to film as a business． This split is related to the issue of entertainment， since entertainment generally is sold to a mass audience． Again， however， in most modern societies， no art floats free of economic ties． Novels good， bad， or indifferent are published because publishers expect to sell them． Painters hope that collectors and museums will acquire their work． True， some artworks are funded through taxes or private donations， but that process， too， involves the artist in a financial transaction（交易）． Films are no different． Others are funded by patronage or public moneys． Even if you decide to make your own digital movie， you face the problem of paying for it-and you may hope to earn a little extra for all your time and effort．The crucial point is that considerations of money don't necessarily make the artist any less creative or the project any less worthwhile． Money can corrupt any line of business （consider politics）， but it doesn't have to． In Renaissance Italy， painters were commissioned by the Catholic church to illustrate events from the Bible． Michaelangelo and Lenonardo da Vinci worked for hire， but it would be hard to argue that it hurt their artistry．Here we won't assume that film art prevents entertainment． We won't take the opposite position either-claiming that only Hollywood mass-market movies are worth attention． Similarly， we don't think that film art rises above commercial demand， but we also won't assume that money rules everything． Any art form offers a vast range of creative possibilities． Our basic assumption is that as an art， film offers experiences that viewers find worthwhile．66． Where should the sentence "It doesn't happen by accident．" be put in the passage？ ____ A． ①B． ②C． ③D． ④67． Which of the following statements about film is TRUE？ ____ A． Hollywood films are usually far more appealing．B． Film offers a wide variety of creative possibilities．C． Films are made in the hope that consumers will pay to see them．D． When watching films， viewers feel controlled by film designers．68． The writer uses the examples of Michaelangelo and Lenonardo da Vinci to ____ ．A． indicate that money is unlikely to corrupt artistryB． show that money doesn't necessarily destroy artistryC． prove that money cannot buy everything in the field of artD． suggest that money is an important concern even for famous artists69． According to the writer， film should ____ A． avoid concentrating on popular traditionsB． focus on artistry rather than entertainmentC． provide the audience with something worthwhileD． earn enough to pay for the developers' time and effort70． Which of the following can be the proper title for the passage？ ____ A． Film： art or businessB． Art or entertainmentC． Film offers us experiencesD． Money doesn't rule everything

Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves. Work-related self-esteem is therefore a worthy ideal to pursue with vigor, right? Well, not always. According to recent research, in which psychologists interviewed 370 full-time workers over a period of three weeks, the reality is a little more complicated. And it involves negative as well as positive consequences. It's natural to be drawn towards pleasure and to step away from pain. In the workplace, if that pleasure comes from a triumph which swells our self-respect, people will try to repeat the accomplishment. But repeating that accomplishment is often not realistic, which can lead to severe negative emotional consequences when it doesn't reoccur. This form of motivation is widely regarded as a negative type of motivation. It can hinder other more positive motivation types, such as completing a task purely because it's fulfilling or enjoyable. What consumes the employee instead is a pressing need to feel mighty and sure of themselves. They then take on only tasks and objectives which serve that ego-driven need. As a result, to avoid feelings of shame and worthlessness associated with failure, they extend themselves to such a degree that there's a subsequent adverse effect on their well-being. This internal pressure to succeed at all costs demands a lot of effort. It depletes their energy, culminating in disproportionate levels of damaging sentiment. Those negative emotions mount into heightened anxiety, impacting their ability to make the most of their personal life. Their desire to avoid feeling inferior ends up making them feel inferior when it comes to their diminished capacity for friendship and leisure. They end up dissatisfied both at work and outside of it. But thankfully, for those people compelled almost entirely by this specific form of motivation, the news isn't all bad, or bad at all. The study also discovered several positive outcomes that can actually outweigh the harmful ones. Though these types of employees are motivated by the desire to avoid negative consequences, they are also motivated by the excitement of pursuing emotional rewards. This excitement makes pursuing goals enjoyable and stimulates pleasure and pride that would result from success. An effect of the positive motivation is that it neutralizes the existence of negative motivation. Sure, it affects people's personal lives to what could be deemed an unhealthy extent, because leisure activities are often seen as a part of life that must be sacrificed to manage work and family demands. However, the way people feel about their work has less to do with whether they're motivated by the preservation of self-esteem but more with the fact that they're simply motivated. 46. What does the author say about the pursuit of work-related self-esteem?A) It may result in negative motivation.C) It can increase one's vigor as one keeps trying.B) It contributes to one's accomplishments.D) It costs too much emotionally and psychologically. 47. What do employees tend to do in pursuing work-related self-esteem?A) Take on tasks well beyond their actual capabilities.C) Resort to all means regardless of the consequences.B) Strive to succeed at the expense of their well-being.D) Exaggerate their sense of shame and worthlessness. 48. What do we learn about people over-concerned with work-related self-esteem?A) They may often feel inferior to their colleagues.C) They are never satisfied with their achievements.B) They cannot enjoy their personal life to the full.D) They have their own view of friendship and leisure. 49. What is the good news we learn from the recent research?A) The pursuit of goals may turn out to be enjoyable and pleasant.B) The emotional rewards from goal pursuit are worth the pains taken.C) The negative consequences of goal pursuit can mostly be avoided.D) The goal of swelling self-esteem can be achieved if one keeps trying. 50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) Workers have to make sacrifices to preserve self-esteem.B) Self-esteem swells when workers are strongly motivated.C) Pursuit of goals affects people's personal lives to an unhealthy extent.D) People feel positive about their work as long as they are motivated.

Teresa Garrett was working part-time as a biochemistry postdoc (博士后). She had an infant at home, and she was miserable. She and her husband were considering having a second child. She didn’t like leaving her daughter with a daycare provider, and she wondered if her slim income justified the expense of child-care. She decided to stay home full time. It was a lonely but practical decision, she says. She hadn’t ruled out the possibility but she did not expect to return to science: After all, the conventional wisdom would equate several years of parenting leave with the end of a research career. Garrett eventually had two daughters and spent their early years at home. The challenge of managing a science career and personal and family obligations is not a new issue, particularly for women. In a career where productivity and publications define your value, can you take a couple of years off and then make a successful return When you do, will employers trust your devotion to your job For Garrett, the answer to both questions was "Yes". First, she found a short-term teaching tutor at Duke University, the institution where she had done her Ph. D. And then Christian Raetz, who had been her Ph. D. adviser, offered her a postdoc. The timing was perfect: She was ready to start a more regular work schedule, and her husband was interested in starting a business. Today, she is a chemistry professor at Vassar College. Garrett credits Raetz both for his faith in her abilities and his willingness to judge her contributions on quality and productivity and not the number of hours she spent in the laboratory. "People are always shocked to know that you can take time off and come back," she says.Returning to research after an extended personal leave is possible, but it may not be straightforward. Progress can be slow and there may be some fallout from a break. The path back doesn’t come with a road map or a timeline. Your reentry will have a different rhythm than your initial approach because this time you have to balance your career with the needs of a family. The uncertainty can make you feel isolated and alone. But if you are persistent and take advantage of the resources that are available, you can get it done. After time away from the work force, it’s particularly easy to underestimate your value as a scientist and--hence--to take one or more backward steps. Don’t, says Ruth Ross, who nearly made that mistake after spending 4 years at home with her children. A Ph. D. pharmacologist with industry experience, she applied for a technician job at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom as she planned her return to science. She would have taken the job if it had been offered, she says, but "that probably would have been a bad career move". As it turned out, the university decided she was over-qualified. Instead of taking a step back, take a step sideways: If you left a postdoc, return to a postdoc, perhaps with a special career reentry fellowship. A faculty member at Aberdeen encouraged Ross to apply for a newly established career reentry fellowship from the Well come Trust. Funding from that organization supported her postdoctoral research until the university hired her into a faculty position in 2002. After 2 years at home with her son and twin daughters followed by 3 years searching for project management jobs in the biotech industry, biochemist Pla Abola got wind of an opening at the Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI). An MSI staff scientist needed skills like hers but lacked money, so the two applied jointly for an NIH career reentry supplement. She’s now a protein biochemist and grant writer at Prosetta Bioconformatics. Instead of stepping backward or sideways, physicist Shireen Adenwalla took a step forward. Instead of taking another postdoc, she set up an independent research program on soft money. Early in her career, Adenwalla took 15 months off, caring for her first child and then looking for another postdoc. When she and her physicist husband decided to move to the University of Nebraska, Lincoln--he had accepted a tenure track position Adenwalla turned down postdoc opportunities. Instead she arranged a visiting faculty position, followed by a post as a research assistant professor. "I think that was a very smart thing," she says today. "Establishing an independent research program is very important." Her starting salary was just 15 000, and she got just 5 000 in start-up assistance. She borrowed equipment, taught courses, took on graduate students, and published her research. She had a lab and an office, but both got moved around-her lab three times, her office twice. Adenwalla missed having real start-up money, her own equipment, and the institutional investment that comes with a tenure-track position. On the other hand, she was her own boss, so she was able to take 6 months off when she had her second child and work part time for a while after her third child was born. Eventually she was hired to a tenure-track post. Flexible or part-time hours can smooth the transition back into tile scientific work force. Some reentry fellowships specify a part-time option and most are accommodating, but even if you don’t have a fellowship you can ask for a work schedule that meets your needs. Ross, for example, took advantage of the part-time provision of the Well come Trust Fellowship. When Garrett took the position on the Lipid Maps grant, she negotiated a 30-hour-a-week schedule. Two months before physicist Marija Nikolic-Jaric’s scheduled dissertation defense at Simon Fraser University, her husband was diagnosed with an aggressive brain tumor. Over the next 17 months, she focused on her husband and his cancer treatments. After his death, she moved with her little son to Winnipeg to be near family. She tried to jump-start her thesis project several times, the first in 1998, but she wasn’t ready yet and became discouraged. Eventually, she found the motivation to return. She started from the beginning, with a new approach. She finished her Ph. D. in 2008. Now a postdoc at the University of Manitoba, she has moved into a new research area-biomicrofluidics. This year, her work is supported by an M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship, a career reentry grant from the American Physical Society. Elizabeth Freeland, too, continues to work toward a permanent research position a decade after her return. When she followed her future husband to his postdoc at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, and subsequently to Chicago, Illinois, she wasn’t able to find a compatible research opportunity. Since then, she has cared for the couple’s two young children, taught part time, and found a few short-term research opportunities, some paid, others not. Like Nikolic-Jaric, Freeland is a physicist, and like that other physicists she switched fields. Freeland moved from condensed matter theory to high-energy physics. She scraped together two one-year postdoctoral grants, the first from the American Association of University Women and the second is a Blewett Scholarship. Unable to find a permanent position locally, in September she started a one-year postdoc at Washington University in St Louis. The location is challenging, she says, but she is encouraged by the support of her mentors (导师). And because her work is theoretical, she can spend alternate weeks at home with her husband and school-age children. It’s a great research opportunity, she says, one she hopes will someday yield a job closer to her family. She also runs a Web site for physicists navigating career breaks. Though students sometimes see her as a role model, Adenwalla cautions that what worked for her might not be the best solution for others. "You have to find what’s right for you," she says, and ignore those with different circumstances and needs. Her own journey was a tradeoff, she says. On the plus side, she was able to pick her children up at school every day. On the minus side, she says, "there was a fear inside me that 1 would never make it." Garrett tells everyone about her journey, even noting it on her Vassar Web site. "Both young women and young men who are coming up through their career path need to know about the different ways that you can have a good and satisfying career in science.Shireen Adenwalla moved her lab and office frequently because ______. A．her house moved to NebraskaB．she kept getting promotedC．the equipment was borrowedD．she couldn’t get abundant funding

At campus job fairs, some students come away, disappointed at the few positions offered as employers have ______ recruiting budgets.A. hold backB. cut backC. set backD. bring back

How did it ______that he made so many mistakes in his homework?A. come aboutB. occur to himC. bring aboutD. take place

CI plan to remember this year's vacation season with just two words: NEVER AGAIN. Never again, that is, will I take all my technology along. The Internet has ruined summer vacations.Instead of reading dog-eared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet. Instead of long evenings of crossword puzzles or board games, we checked our Twitter feeds and updated our Facebook pages. And that, of course, is the problem with the Internet: It's so easy that, unless you're equipped with massive self-control, you use it if it's there.For several years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenient technology: a laptop which is old and not in good condition and a slow dial-up connection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and very good Wi-Fi turned out to be fatal. The magical iPad signaled silently from the picnic table: What harm could it be to give the e-mail a quick check? But once that attractive touch screen lights up, who can resist?I'm not the first to get lost across this problem, of course. I, m a late adopter. As early as 2008, Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, was warning that broadband Internet was reducing our attention spans and making us stupid. The Web, he said, encourages us to get stuck into our "natural state of distractedness." Even before that, in 2000, Harvard's Robert Putnam warned that television-and, more broadly, staring into any kind of screen-had reduced the amount of time families spent in social interactions. And last year, researchers at UC-Irvine reported that employees who were unplugged from their e-mail got more work done-and experienced far less stress.Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I love having the world's newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able to pay bills and make airplane reservations online. And, thanks to those ugly cell phone towers in the woods, we now have a way to call for help if we need an ambulance or a fire truck. It's also nice to have an app that identifies the constellations (星座)when you hold the iPad up to the night sky. But then, you have to remember to put the screen down and simply drink in the stars-the original, uncut version.And that's the point: It's important not to let the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simpler beauties. It's our fault instead of the Internet, for failing to control the urge to browse. My problem is learning how to limit the time I spend on it. So now I have one more thing to look forward to next summer: More time reading old novels; more time playing crossword puzzles and chasing frogs. Next year, I promise to unplug. Except, of course, when we need to find a new bike trail, or Google a recipe for wild blueberry pie.1Throughout the passage, what evidence does the author provide to support the claims he makes in paragraph 2? A.Scientific studies and statistics about Internet use.B. Historical facts regarding the effects of television and the Internet.C. Personal accounts and opinions of those who have studied the Internet.D. Results of opinion polls about Internet use.2 According to the passage, how does the writer keep himself from getting addicted to the Internet? A. By using outdated laptops with poor Internet access.B. By only giving the e-mail a quick look.C. By keeping the electronic devices out of reach.D. By accessing new iPad and good Wi-Fi.3In the article, UC-Irvine research functions as __________ . A. a personal account that illustrates an idea about social lifeB. a restatement of the author's main argumentC. historical context to allow the reader to understand the article's settingD. evidence to support a point made by Nicolas Carr4Which of the following statement will the author probably agree to? A. people should not rely simply on the Internet to provide them with news and other informationB. people can have meaningful vacations only if they leave all electronic devices at homeC. although the Internet is often useful, it can become addictive and prevent human interactionD. even though there are some good things about the Internet, overall it has affected civilization for the worse