5. I lacked the vocabulary, to ______ my feelings ______ words.A. attach ... toB. translate ... intoC. change ... intoD. apply ... to
A Roadmap for the Planet From the 18th through the mid-19th century, whale oil provided light to much of the Western world. At its peak, whaling employed 70,000 people and was the United States’ fifth-largest industry. The U. S. stood as the world’s foremost whale slayer. Producing millions of gallons of oil each year, the industry was widely seen as unquestionable. Without whale oil, so the thinking from the advocates even went, the world would slide backward toward darkness. By today’s standard, of course, killing whales is considered savage. Two hundred years ago there was no environmental movement to speak of. But one wonders if the whalers, finding that each year they needed to go farther to kill massive sea mammals, ever asked themselves: what will happen when we run out of whales’ Such questions today constitute the base of the ever-louder logic of sustainability. Climate activists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the industrialized countries of the world have made sizable withdrawals on nature’s fixed allowance, and unless we change our ways, and soon, we are doomed to an abrupt end. Take the recent proclamation from the United Nations, Environment Program, which argued that governments should dramatically cut back on the use of resources. The mantra (咒语)has become commonplace, our current way of living is selfish and unsustainable. We are wrecking the world. We are polluting the water and the air. We are killing plants and animals, and leaving a devastated planet for future generations. In other words, humanity is doomed. It is a compelling story, no doubt. It is also fundamentally wrong, and the consequences are severe. Tragically, exaggerated environmental worries―and the willingness of so many to believe them―could ultimately prevent us from finding smarter ways to actually help our planet and ensure the health of the environment for future generations. Because, our fears notwithstanding, we actually get smarter. Although Westerners were once reliant on whale oil for lighting, we never actually ran out of whales. Why High demand and rising prices for whale oil spurred a search for and investment in the 19th-century version of alternative energy. First, kerosene (煤油) from petroleum replaced whale oil. We didn’t run out of kerosene, either: electricity supplanted it because it was a superior way to light our planet. For generations, we have consistently underestimated our capacity for innovation. There was a time when we worried that all of London would be covered with horse manure because of the increasing use of horse-drawn carriages. Thanks to the invention of the car, London has 7 million inhabitants today. Manure disaster averted. In fact, would-be catastrophes have regularly been pushed aside throughout human history, and so often became of innovation and technological development. We never just continue to do the same old thing. We innovate and avoid the anticipated problems. Think of the whales, and then think of the debate over cutting emissions today. Instead of single-mindedly trying to force people to do without carbon-emitting fuels, we must recognize that we won’t make any real progress in cutting CO2 emissions until we can create affordable, efficient alternatives. We are far from that point today., much- hyped technologies such as wind and solar energy remain very expensive and inefficient compared with cheap fossil fuels. Globally, wind provides just 0.3 percent of our energy, and solar a minuscule 0.1 percent. Current technology is so inefficient that, to take just one example, if we were serious about wind power, we would have to blanket most countries with wind turbines to generate enough energy for everybody, and we would still have the massive problem of storage. We don’t know what to do when the wind doesn’t blow. Making the necessary breakthroughs will require mass improvements across many technologies. The sustainable response to global warming, then, is one that sees us get much more serious about investment into alternative-energy research and development. This has a much greater likelihood of leaving future generations at least the same opportunities as we have today. Because what, exactly, is sustainability Fourteen years ago, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development report "Our Common Future", chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, provided the most- quoted definition. Sustainable development "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The measure of success, then, is whether or not we give future generations the same opportunities that we have had. As humans have become richer and more educated, we have been able to enjoy more leisure time. In most developed countries, yearly working hours have fallen drastically since the end of the 19th century: today we work only about half as much as we did then. Over the last 30 years or so, total free time for men and women has increased, thanks to reductions in workload and housework. We have consistently achieved these remarkable developments by focusing on technological innovation and investment designed to create a richer future. And while major challenges remain, the future appears to hold great promise, too. By the end of the century, the U. N. estimates we will live to be 85 on average, and virtually everyone will read, write, and have access to food, water, and sanitation. That’s not too shabby. Rather than celebrating this amazing progress, many find it distasteful. Instead of acknowledging and learning from it, we bathe ourselves in guilt, fretting about our supposed unsustainable lives. Certainly many argue that while the past may have improved, surely it doesn’t matter for the future, because we are destroying the environment! But not so fast. In recent decades, air quality in wealthy countries has vastly improved. In virtually every developed country, the air is more breathable and the water is more drinkable than they were in 1970. London, renowned for centuries for its infamous smog and severe pollution, today has the cleanest air that it has had since the Middle Ages. Eventually, with increased affluence, developed countries gradually were better able to afford a cleaner environment. That is happening already today in some of the richest developing countries: air-pollution levels in Mexico City have been dropping precisely because of better technology and more wealth. Though air pollution is by far the most menacing for humans, water quality has similarly been getting better. Forests, too, are regrowing in rich countries, though still being lost in poor places where slash-and-burn is preferable to starvation. We know from experience that more prosperous countries are more able to respond to the challenges that climate change will pose. They are much more resilient to natural disasters while more able to invest in measures such as greener cities and flood protection. Yet instead of first making sure that everybody is better off and more resilient, our response to global warming has been to try to cut back carbon emissions too soon. In reality, this means reining in growth and making do with less than we could have otherwise. We forget too easily that innovation and ingenuity have solved most major problems in the past. Living sustainably means learning the lessons from history. And chief among those is that the best legacy we can leave our descendants is to ensure that they are prosperous enough to respond flexibly to the unknown challenges ahead.According to the report "Our Common Future", what does sustainable development mean A．Whether we create enough natural resources for our future generations.B．Whether we let our future generations enjoy the same opportunities as we do.C．Whether we create sufficient wealth for our future generations.D．Whether we leave a better environment to our future generations.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)-|||-第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)-|||-阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。-|||-A-|||-Skip the Line:Louvre Museum Walking Tour-|||-Experience culture and art through the ages with a small-group tour of Paris`Louvre-|||-Museum.Jump the queue and spend three hours with an English-speaking guide,seeing and-|||-learning about some of the museum`s35,000 artworks across eight themed galleries.Then-|||-enjoy time on your own to explore,viewing paintings sculptures archathite from 450-|||-BC to the 19th century.Numbers are limited to 25 on this small-group tour so that tourists-|||-can appreciate the artworks at close range.-|||-What`s Included-|||-Local guide-|||-Audio headsets-|||-Guaranteed to skip the long lines-|||-Small-group tour or private tour (if option selected)-|||-Please note:Evening tours are limited to Wednesdays and Fridays at 6:30pm.For an-|||-extra unique experience,book an evening session and wind through the quiet corridors at-|||-night,when the crowds are gone and the artworks are basking in soft light.Enjoy the tour-|||-without all the noise,and finish with great views of the Louvre`s glittery outside pyramid lit-|||-up after dusk.-|||-Additional Information-|||-Confirmation will be received at time of booking.-|||-Nowheelchair accessible.-|||-Due to heightened security measures,you may experience delays in clearing security checks-|||-when entering the museum.-|||-Travellers should have a moderate physical fitness level.-|||-Large bags,backpacks,and suitcases are not permitted in the museum.-|||-Please note that parties of 7 or more people may be split in different groups on the day of-|||-the tour at the meeting point.-|||-Cancellation Policy-|||-For a full refund(退款),cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the-|||-experience.-|||-21.What is the characteristic of the tour? C-|||-A. wheelchair-friindly. B.There are no security checks.-|||-C.Visitors needn`t wait in long lines. D.Tourists can access the most artworks.-|||-22.Why does the tour set a limit to visitor numbers? D-|||-A.To make sure of social distancing. B.To avoid damage to the museum.-|||-C.To protect the museum`s exhibits D.To ensure visitors a closer experience.-|||-23.What are the visitors advised to do? B-|||-A.Carry small bags or backpacks. B.Book evening tours to save money.-|||-C.Wear comfortable shoes and clothes. D.Gather at the meeting point on time.
They were a quiet couple who ______ themselves.A. kept toB. kept withC. kept inD. kept up
CI plan to remember this year's vacation season with just two words: NEVER AGAIN. Never again, that is, will I take all my technology along. The Internet has ruined summer vacations.Instead of reading dog-eared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet. Instead of long evenings of crossword puzzles or board games, we checked our Twitter feeds and updated our Facebook pages. And that, of course, is the problem with the Internet: It's so easy that, unless you're equipped with massive self-control, you use it if it's there.For several years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenient technology: a laptop which is old and not in good condition and a slow dial-up connection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and very good Wi-Fi turned out to be fatal. The magical iPad signaled silently from the picnic table: What harm could it be to give the e-mail a quick check? But once that attractive touch screen lights up, who can resist?I'm not the first to get lost across this problem, of course. I, m a late adopter. As early as 2008, Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, was warning that broadband Internet was reducing our attention spans and making us stupid. The Web, he said, encourages us to get stuck into our "natural state of distractedness." Even before that, in 2000, Harvard's Robert Putnam warned that television-and, more broadly, staring into any kind of screen-had reduced the amount of time families spent in social interactions. And last year, researchers at UC-Irvine reported that employees who were unplugged from their e-mail got more work done-and experienced far less stress.Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I love having the world's newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able to pay bills and make airplane reservations online. And, thanks to those ugly cell phone towers in the woods, we now have a way to call for help if we need an ambulance or a fire truck. It's also nice to have an app that identifies the constellations (星座)when you hold the iPad up to the night sky. But then, you have to remember to put the screen down and simply drink in the stars-the original, uncut version.And that's the point: It's important not to let the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simpler beauties. It's our fault instead of the Internet, for failing to control the urge to browse. My problem is learning how to limit the time I spend on it. So now I have one more thing to look forward to next summer: More time reading old novels; more time playing crossword puzzles and chasing frogs. Next year, I promise to unplug. Except, of course, when we need to find a new bike trail, or Google a recipe for wild blueberry pie.1Throughout the passage, what evidence does the author provide to support the claims he makes in paragraph 2? A.Scientific studies and statistics about Internet use.B. Historical facts regarding the effects of television and the Internet.C. Personal accounts and opinions of those who have studied the Internet.D. Results of opinion polls about Internet use.2 According to the passage, how does the writer keep himself from getting addicted to the Internet? A. By using outdated laptops with poor Internet access.B. By only giving the e-mail a quick look.C. By keeping the electronic devices out of reach.D. By accessing new iPad and good Wi-Fi.3In the article, UC-Irvine research functions as __________ . A. a personal account that illustrates an idea about social lifeB. a restatement of the author's main argumentC. historical context to allow the reader to understand the article's settingD. evidence to support a point made by Nicolas Carr4Which of the following statement will the author probably agree to? A. people should not rely simply on the Internet to provide them with news and other informationB. people can have meaningful vacations only if they leave all electronic devices at homeC. although the Internet is often useful, it can become addictive and prevent human interactionD. even though there are some good things about the Internet, overall it has affected civilization for the worse
1 Before I start, I ask you to imagine a scene. You have been assigned by your boss to make a presentation about your recent project, and you are determined to make it a success. After all, it's a great chance for you to showcase yourself and catch attention. You sit up all night preparing for it. The next day, when you arrive at the meeting room, you see it's filled with expectant audience — your colleagues, supervisors, and boss. Your presentation is all ready to go. You feel good. As you begin your PowerPoint presentation, you can even visualize the celebrating crowds in your office.2 Then suddenly, you notice a silence. You wonder why. As you turn to look at your PowerPoint screen, you are hit by the simple spelling errors on it! You feel bad. Throughout the whole presentation, you are embarrassed and apologize each time a spelling error occurs. The presentation turns out to be a failure.3 In real life, people want to succeed in things they do. So, they make every effort to grasp the big things. They assume that as long as they take care of the big things, everything else will fall into place on its own. That assumption is not true while the film is on.3. What are the language features of the speech? In particular, what types of words and sentence structures are mainly used? What rhetorical devices can be found?
At the time we couldn't have _____ the result of our campaigning.（ ）A. promptedB. provokedC. encouragedD. anticipated
Section B-|||-Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attuched to it Each statement-|||-conlains information give one of the paragraphs.ldentify the paragraph from which the information is-|||-derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once, Each paragruph is manked with letter.Answer-|||-the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.-|||-Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking-|||-A)Since Steven Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple,much has been said about him as a peerless business leader-|||-who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming-|||-entire industries, like music and mobile communications.-|||-B)All true,but let`s think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let`s look at Mr.Jobs as-|||-role model.-|||-C)Above all,he is an innovator(创新者).His creati force is seen in products such as the iPod,iPhone,and-|||-iPad,and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online.Studies of-|||-innovation come to the same conclusion:you can`t engincer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it-|||-occurring.And Mr.Jobs`s career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds,both for himself-|||-and the companies be has led.Mr. Jobs,of course, has enjoyed singular succss. But innovation, broadly-|||-dcfined,is the crucial ingredicnt in all cconomi progress -higher growth for nations,more competitive products-|||-for companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals.And Mr.Jobs,many experts say,exemplifies what-|||-works in the innovation game.-|||-D)"We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,"says John Kao,an-|||-innovation consultant to corporations and governme Many other nations,Mr.Kao notes,are now ahead of the-|||-United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation.These include government-|||-financing for scientific research, national polici to support emerging industries, educational a-|||-engineers and scientists graduated,even the speeds of Internet broadband service.-|||-E)Yet what other nations typically lack,Mr.Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity,-|||-experimentation,risk-taking,and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls"recombinant mash--|||-ups (带碎重组)," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category."The culture of other countries-|||-doesn`t support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies,as America does,"Mr.John Kao says.-|||-F)Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to thriving in-|||-the modern economy.Formal education matters,career counselors say,but real-life experience is often even more-|||-valuable.-|||-G)An adopted child,growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr.Jobs displayed those traits early on.He was fascinated by-|||-electronics as a child,building Heathkit do-it-y projects,like radios.Mr.Jobs dropped out of Reed College-|||-after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenmen before returning to Silicon-|||-Valley to found Apple with his friend,Stephen Wozniak,an engineering wizard (奇才).Mr.Jobs was forced-|||-out of Apple in 1985,went off and founded two other companies,Next and Pixar,before returning to Apple in-|||-1996 and becoming chief executive in 1997.-|||-H)His path was unique, but innovation experts say the partern of exploratio is not unusual."It`s often people like-|||-Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrou ideas and-|||-insights,"says Hal Gregersen,a professor at European Institute of Bus Administration.-|||-I)Mr.Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innowator`s DNA which is hased on an eight-year study of 5,000-|||-entreprenewrs(创业者) and cxecutives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a-|||-professor at Brigham Young University,and Clayton Christensen,a pro at the Harvard Business School,-|||-whose 1997 book The Innovator`s Dilemma popularized the concept of"disnprive(g覆性的)innovat-|||-J) The academics identify five traits that are common to the disnuptive innovatnrs questioning, experimentin-|||-abserving,associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics cchoes the ceaseless curiosity and-|||-willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr.Hal Gregersen explains, i less about career-|||-building relationships th consistent search for new ideas. Associating,he adds, is the ability to make idea--|||-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.-|||-K)Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly,"Mr. Gregersen says."It`s a habit for them."Innovative-|||-companics, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in the stock market,which they call an-|||-"mnoutionpreminm(if)." li by estimating the share of a company`s value that cannot be-|||-accounted for by its current products and cash flow.The innovation premium tries to quantify(量化)investors`-|||-bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.-|||-L)Apple,by their calculations,had a 37 percent innovation premiu during Mr.Jobs`s first term with the company.-|||-His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return,Apple`s fortunes improved-|||-gradually at first,and improved markedly starting in 2005,yielding a 52 percent innovation premium since then.-|||-M) There is no conclusive proof,but Mr.Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr.Jobs could have reshaped-|||-industries beyond computi as he has done in his second term at Apple,without the experience outside the-|||-company,especially at Pixar-the computer animation(动画制作)studio tha created a string of critically and-|||-commercially successuu mo such as"Toy Story"and"Up."-|||-N)Mr.Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class at Stanford-|||-University in 2005."It tu out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened-|||-to me," he told the students.Mr.Jobs also spoke of perseverance(坚持)and will power."Sometimes life hits-|||-you in the head with a brick," he said."Don`t lose faith."-|||-O)Mr.Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation,both in one`s choice of work and in one`s life.-|||-Be curious,experiment,tak risks,he said to the students.His advice was emphasized by the words on the back-|||-of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog,which he quoted:"Stay hungry.Stay foolish.""And,"Mr.-|||-Jobs said,"I have always wished that for myself.And now,as you graduate to begin anew,I wish that for you."-|||-46.Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address-|||-47.Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.-|||-48.Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.-|||-49.Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation.-|||-50.Great innovator are good at connecting concep from various academic fields.-|||-51.Innovation is vital to driving economic progress,-|||-52.America has a social environment is particular favorable to innovation-|||-53.Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.-|||-54.Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.-|||-55.Apple`s fortunes suffered from an innovation discount durin Jobs` absence.
The importance of communication cannot be denied. Using effective communication skills is important to relationships and to succeed at work. 16 Here are a few: Preventing misunderstandings. When you clearly communicate your wants, your needs, and your intentions, there will be no misunderstanding. Many of our arguments and disagreements occur — simply because one of us did not communicate clearly. Another example of the importance of communication can be seen in the medical field. When a doctor tells a patient his diagnosis and gives instructions for care and medicine, it is critical that the patient understands exactly what the doctor intends to communicate. 17 Strengthen relationships. We get to know each other (either in business or personally) by talking and listening. 18 People like people they know. In business, the more personable business person, who showed an interest in his customer, wins the sale-every time-over the business person who is aloof and shows no interests in the customer, whatsoever! 19 Talking about your problem and stresses actually helps to relieve the stress and anxiety. You feel as if some of the burden has been lifted from you when a friend listens and shows that she cares. The importance of Communication Skill becomes obvious when you think of the many times that you communicate with someone during a single day. 20 . 1. 16 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 2. 17 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 3. 18 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 4. 19 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 5. 20 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress.
Set Your Body’s Time ClockOur Body Operates Like a Clock As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of California’s Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring (渴望) to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under,the pillow. "For the past fifteen years," says Winget, "We’ve hardly ever gotten up together." The Wingets’ situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall. Behavioral scientists long attributed such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depending on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that the same patterns could be detected in heart and metabolic rates and body temperature. Halberg’s explanation: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes we are accelerating, sometimes slowing down. We achieve peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. Halberg dubbed these bodily cadences "circadian rhythms". Much of the leading work in chronobiology is sponsored today by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Charles Winget, a NASA research physiologist and authority on circadian rhythms, says that circadian principles have been applied to astronauts’ work schedules on most of the space-shuttle flights. The space-age research has many useful applications here on earth. Chronobiologists can tell you when to eat and still lose weight, what time of day you’re best equipped to handle the toughest chal- lenges, when to go to the dentist with your highest threshold of pain and when to exercise for maximum effect. Says Winget, "It’s a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort, you have to coordinate the demands of your activities with your biological capacities."How to Figure Out Your Body’s Patterns Circadian patterns can be made to work for you. But you must first learn how to recognize them. Winget and his associates have developed the following approach to help you figure out your body’s patterns. Take your temperature one hour after getting up in the morning and then again at four-hour inter-vals throughout the day. Schedule your last reading as close to bedtime as possible. You should have five readings by the end of the day. Now add your first, third and fifth readings and record this total. Then add your second and fourth readings and subtract this figure from the first total. That number will be an estimate of your body tem- perature in the middle of the night -- consider it your sixth reading. Now plot all six readings on graph paper. The variations may seem minuscule (极小的)―only one-tenth of a degree in some cases -- but they are significant. You’ll probably find that your tempera- ture will begin to rise between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m., reaching a peak sometime in the late morning or early afternoon. By evening the readings start to drop. They will steadily decline, reaching their nadir (最低点) at around 2 a.m.Learn to Use Your Body’s Pattern Of course, individual variations make all the difference. At what hour is your body temperature on the rise When does it reach its highest point Its lowest7 Once you have familiarized yourself with you patterns, you can take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve your health and productivity. We do our best physical work when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. Schedule your most tcvcing(费力的) activities when your temperature is highest. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks, such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast reading and reflection are better pursued between 2 and 4 p.m., the time when body temperature usually begins to fall. Breakfast should be your largest meal of the day for effective dieting. Calories burn faster one hour after we wake up than they do in the evening. During a six-year research project known as the Army Die Study, Dr. Halberg, chronobiologist Robert Sothern and research associate Erna Halberg monitored the food intake of two groups of men and women. Both ate only one 2000-calorie meal a day, but one group ate their meal at breakfast and the other at dinner. "All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast," states So- them. "Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight." If foods are processed differently at different times of day, certainly caffeine, alcohol and medicines will be too. Aspirin compounds, for example, have the greatest potency (力量) in the morning, between 7 and 8. (So does alcohol.) They are least effective between 6 p.m. and midnight. Caffeine has the most impact around 3 in the afternoon. Charles Walker, dean of the College of Pharmacy at Florida A M University, explains, "Stimulants are most effective when you are normally active, and sedatives (镇静物) work best when you’re naturally sedate or asleep." Knowing your rhythms can also help overcome sleep problems. Consult your body-temperature chart. Your bedtime should coincide with the point at which your temperature is lowest. This is between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. for most people. Dr. Michael Thorpy of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City offers other circadian sleep tips: go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. "Irregularity in sleep and waking times is the greatest cause of sleep problems," Dr. Thorpy says. The best way to recover from a bad night’s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. Beware of sleeping pills. "Most sleeping pills won’t work for periods longer than two weeks," warns Dr. Thorpy. And there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood. Visit a doctor or dentist as early in the day or as late in the evening as possible, since your highest pain threshold is between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. Winget and fellow NASA chronobiologist Charles DeRoshia also offer advice to diminish the de- bilitating effects of jet lag: a week or so before departure begin adjusting your daily activities so that they ,coincide with the time schedule of your destination. Eat a small, high-protein, low-carbohydrate meal just before your trip. Get plenty of sleep in the days before your trip. In flight, eat very little, drink lots of water and avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks. When you arrive, walk around, talk to people, try to adapt to your environment. Before retiring, have a light meal, high in carbohydrates. Take a warm bath. Knowing your body’s patterns is no guarantee of good health. But what chronobiology reveals is the importance of regularity in all aspects of your life and of learning to act in synchronization with your body’s natural rhythms.Charles Winget and his wife seldom get up together, because______. A. they both have sleeping problems B. they have different lifestyleC. they have different circadian patterns D. they go to work in different time
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6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)