Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child． Last spring one of the two， Australia， gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011． I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States-we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy． The United States does have one explicit family policy， the Family and Medical Leave Act， passed in 1993． It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem． Despite the modesty of the benefit， the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly， describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent"． In fact， every step of the way， as （usually） Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law， business groups have been strongly opposed． As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues， justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that， in some sense， society must pay for． In her book No Exit： What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents， she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives： there is "no exit" when it comes to children． "Society expects-and needs-parents to provide their children with continuity of care， meaning the intensive， intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual， emotional and moral capabilities． And society expects-and needs-parents to persist in their roles for 18years， or longer if needed．" While most parents do this out of love， there are public penalties for not providing care． What parents do， in other words， is of deep concern to the state， for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society． The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare， yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes． To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting； really， it is to steal those benefits because they accrue （不断积累） to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizenry （公民）． In fact， by some estimates， the value of parental investments in children， investments of time and money （including lost wages）， is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product． If these investments generate huge social benefits-as they clearly do-the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer． 65． What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph？ A． America is now the only developed country without the policy． B． It has now become a hot topic in the United States． C． It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy． D． Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia． 66． What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States？ A． The incompetence of the Democrats． B． The existing Family and Medical Leave Act． C． The lack of a precedent in American history． D． The opposition from business circles． 67． What is Professor Anne Alstott's argument for parental support？ A． The cost of raising children in the U． S． has been growing． B． Good parenting benefits society． C． The U． S． should keep up with other developed countries． D． Children need continuous care． 68． Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "dubious" in paragraph one？ A． Special B． Significant C． Alleged D． Thorough 69． What does the author think of America's large body of family laws governing children's welfare？ A． They fail to ensure children's healthy growth B． The fail to provide enough support for parents C． They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities． D． They impose the care of children on parents． 70． Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice？ A． It is regarded as a legal obligation． B． It relies largely on social support． C． It generates huge social benefits． D． It is basically a social undertaking．

A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly serf-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform. a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish's central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner. The following statements are true about the folk culture EXCEPT ______. A．there is a well established family or clan structure B．relationships between people are strong C．tradition is dominant and changes are slow and do not often take place D．division of labour among the people is usually distinct, especially between sexes

[ ] As far as I know, this is a type of music popular in the 95s, a(n) _____ of jazz and folk music.A. mixtureB. traditionC. practiceD. invention

The final portion of the large intestine is ______.A. EsophagusB. RectumC. GallbladderD. Duodenum

The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence（AI）machines act ethically，meaning can they be honest and fair？ One example of AI is driverless cars.They are already on California roads，so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically.As driverless cars improve，they will save lives.They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do.Sometimes，however，they will face a choice between lives.Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road，even if that will put their passengers at risk？What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？What if the only risk is damage to the car itself，not to the passengers？ Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars，but they are not super-intelligent beings.Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge. About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph，Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn.The software，named Taylor，was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24.Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received.She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations，but some people were teaching Taylor racist（种族主义的）ideas.When she started saying nice things about Hitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted（删除）her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time.This should be a warning to us.It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals.It is something very different to use AI in the real world.The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem. Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google，which owns AlphaGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans.He said people will be the winner，whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter，abler and "just better human beings."（1）What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory？ ____ A.Computers will defeat human beings.B.Computers can become highly intelligent.C.omputers have unmatched potential.D.Computers are man's potential rivals.（2）What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically？ ____ A.They are capable of predicting possible risks.B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C.They sacrifice everything to save human lives.D.They make right decisions when facing moral dilemmas.（3）What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？ ____ A.How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.B.How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.C.How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D.How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.（4）What do we learn about Microsoft's "chatbot" Taylor？ ____ A.She could turn herself off when necessary.B.She was not made to handle novel situations.C.She could not distinguish good from bad.D.She was good at performing routine tasks.（5）What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？ ____ A.It will be far superior to human beings.B.It will keep improving as time goes by.C.It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.D.It will prove to be of value to human beings.

Sir，Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office．Only when she ______ copying this report．（ ）A. finishesB. finishC. finishedD. will finish

Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. If there's one rule that most parents cling to in the confusing, fast-changing world of kids and media, it's “No screens before age 2.” As of today, that rule has been thrown out the window. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which first issued that recommendation back in 1999, has extensively updated and revised its guidelines for children and adolescents to reflect new research and new habits. The new guidelines, especially for very young children, shift the focus from WHAT is on the screen to WHO else is in the room. And in doing so, they raise some intriguing points about the future of learning from media. For babies younger than 18 months, AAP still says no screens at all are the best idea—with one notable exception: Live video chat. Surveys indicate that families already popularly believe that “Face time doesn't count”, or at least that the benefit of virtual visits with grandparents or other relatives outweighs the potential cost of exposing babies to the laptop or smartphone. The AAP doesn't cite positive evidence that infants actually get something out of this kind of “conversation”, the way that they clearly do from live social interaction. But there's some observational research that infants as young as six months old are emotionally engaged by playing live peekaboo (躲猫猫) with Grandma online. For infants and toddlers (学步儿童), ages 15 months to 2 years old, there's limited evidence from a couple of very small studies that they can learn new words from educational media, if and only if parents are watching alongside them, repeating what the video says and/or drawing attention to what is on the screen. In other words, treating a video or an app like a picture book is the best bet. The flip side of this is that many studies have actually shown poorer language skills correlated with earlier solo viewing of “educational” videos. There's also research that shows language delays in children who watch more TV and start watching earlier. In both cases, the problem seems to be media replacing interaction with people. Forth is reason, the new AAP guideline has changed from “avoid all screens under age 2 “to “avoid solo media use in this age group.” For preschoolers ages 2 to 5, there's more evidence that they have the ability to transfer knowledge from screens to the real world, including early literacy and math. For this age group, AAP recommends no more than an hour a day of screen use. And, just as with younger children, they want care-givers to take part in screen time: “Co-view with your children, help children understand what they are seeing, and help them apply what they learn to the world around them.” 51. What do we learn about the "No screens under 2" rule?A) It has met more and more resistance from parents.B) It has proved helpful to children's healthy growth.C) It confuses parents with regard to kids' education.D) It has been discarded in line with recent research. 52. What do the new AAP guidelines advocate?A) Young children should be accompanied by parents during screen time.B) Parents should be emotionally involved in their children's upbringing.C) Young children should watch videos carefully selected by parents.D) Parents should protect their children from too much media exposure. 53. What do families think of live video chat according to surveys?A) It should not be regarded as screen time.B) It helps babies to develop their verbal skills.C) It is not as harmful as playing games on laptops.D) It is a good substitute for video viewing. 54. What do researches find about kids solo viewing educational videos?A) It arouses their interest in language learning.B) It works no better than reading picture books.C) It hampers their development of language skills.D) It helps them acquire independent learning skills. 55. What does the author say about preschoolers ages 2 to 5?A) They can understand pretty well what they see on the screen.B) They can learn on their own without much parental guidance.C) They can make use of educational videos to develop digital literacy.D) They can relate what they learn on the screen to real life situations.

Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or you are merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket (书的护封)is irresistible, although you might end up with a rather dull book. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the greeting—"Can I help you, sir?" You needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing (浏览). You may want to find out where a particular section is. Then, and only then, are his/her services necessary. But when he/she has led you there, the assistant should leave politely and look as if he/she is not interested in selling a single book. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. According to the author, a bookshop is popular mainly because _______. A people can shelter from the rain B most people are book lovers C people might have the opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life D people can choose a book as a gift

Trade Lead is a timely buying or selling advertisement。 It includes Buying Leads and Selling Leads

Our mission here is to ensure that every child has a full music program taught by ________ music educators.A. exemplaryB. exemplifiedC. exaggeratedD. literary