The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that ______ .Passage One Sometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran. Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist (慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. "The more I trained, the better I got," Curran said, "but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment." Eventually, they worked up to running marathons (马拉松) (and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable---and increasingly less rate--- milestone: running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents. They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: "runcations," which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. These trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging, are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry. "In the beginning, running was enough," said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. "The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began." "No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today," said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon. It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island, off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.A、international cooperation is a must to such an event B、runcations are expensive and physically challengingC、Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD、adventurous running has become increasingly popular

Thinking small，being engaging，and having a sense of humor don't hurt.Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns.But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial. Crowdfunding，raising money for a project through online appeals，has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets.Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors，too，with mixed success.Some raised more than twice their goals，but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets. To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures，a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schafer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns. Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals，the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science.For one，they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science，and not just any kind of project.Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers，platforms such as and Petridish org only present scientific projects.For another，they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success.Most of them engage with potential donors，since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better.And they target a small amount of money.The projects included in the study raised ＄4000 on average，with 30% receiving less than ＄1000.The more money a project sought，the lower the chance it reached its goal，the researchers found. Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success，most notably，the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks，and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own.Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page.Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public，and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising-not necessarily to the science.（1）What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects？ ____ A.They did not raise much due to modest targets.B.Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.C.They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.D.Most of them put movies online for the purpose.（2）What is the purpose of Mike Schafer's research of recent crowdfunding campaigns？ ____ A.To create attractive content for science websites.B.To help scientists to launch innovative projects.C.To identify reasons for their different outcomes.D.To separate science projects from general ones.（3）What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign？ ____ A.The potential benefit to future generations.B.Its originality in addressing financial issues.C.The value of the proposed project.D.Its interaction with prospective donors.（4）What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects？ ____ A.They should be small to be successful.B.They should be assessed with great care.C.They should be based on actual needs.D.They should be ambitious to gain notice.

The periodic table is a fundamental tool in chemistry, listing every known (element).A. componentB. substanceC. compoundD. molecule

物干Cyber (网络的) bullies, like any bully, want to feel power and control over their victim. Many kids live and breathe on the Internet. It is essential to how they see themselves and how they socialize with their peers. The computer is as essential a social tool today as the telephone was decades ago.This is part of why a cyber bullying attack can be disastrous. Targets are faced with threats and intimidation in emails and instant messages, but it is not only fear that the cyber bully can instill (灌输) over the web.The potential for public humiliation (羞辱) has been expanded from a target’s classmates or school to effectively the entire world, or at least the wired world. To be humiliated in front of a classroom of students is bad enough but to be humiliated for the amusement of thousands is more than most kids can bear.So, as parents, what should you do to deal with cyber bullying?First, do not respond to the cyber bully’s attacks. This is what the bully wants. They want you to engage with them. They want to manipulate you into responding. If you respond in any way that is emotional or lets them know that they are getting to you and are able to make you upset it only encourages the cyber bully.Second, report the cyber bullying to police and schools. You need to let appropriate authorities know about the cyber bullying or they cannot take corrective action. Cyber bullying is not something you want to ignore. It is your responsibility to report this behavior so the perpetrators (作恶者) can be dealt with. This helps to not only protect your child but to intervene before the cyber bully harms even more kids.Finally, be aware of what your child is doing on the Internet. It is vital to keep up with what is going on in your child’s world. More and more a large part of that world involves online activities and communication. You need to talk with them about what they are doing and with whom they are communicating.Cyber bullying can be every bit as dangerous as bullying; more so in some cases. Keep open communication lines with your children so they will feel comfortable enough to tell you. They need to know that cyber bullying is not their fault. The fault and the problem both lay with the cyber bully.1. Why can a cyber bullying attack be disastrous for kids?A) Because they can hardly escape from the harm of bullying attack from the Internet. B) Because they cannot see themselves and socialize with their peers any more.C) Because they haven’t expected that the fear of cyber bully will last so long.D) Because they have to use computers as an essential social tool.2. Why are parents suggested not to respond to the cyber bully’s attacks?A) Because that will just fall into the trap of the attackers. B) Because that will bring more harmful cyber bully attacks.C) Because that is too emotional and will let the attackers know what you are doing.D) Because that will make parents upset and thus engage with them.3. How to protect more kids from being harmed by cyber bullying?A) Work with other parents to take corrective action.B) Talk with cyber bullies about their dangerous behavior.C) Let appropriate authorities know about the cyber bullying. D) Participate actively in kids’ online activities and communication.4. What should parents do when their children become victims of cyber bullying according to the passage?A) Remind them that cyber bullying is as dangerous as bullying.B) Try to make them feel comfortable enough to ignore it.C) Limit their access to the internet.D) Tell them that cyber bullying is not their fault. 5. Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A) The harmful effects of cyber bullying.B) Dealing with cyber bullying. C) How to avoid cyber bullying.D) Cyber bullies are bringing in more victims.物干

二、 单选题 (共20题,40.0分)6. (单选题,2.0分)Linda____her training in a joint company by the end of next month.A. finishesB. has finishedC. had finishedD. will have finished

({B)} Sustainable Communities({/B)} According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment. Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population’s basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.({B)}Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities({/B)} Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don’t use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don’t produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar. Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don’t even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle. Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples: ・ Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun’s lighting and heating capabilities. ・ They install energy-efficient appliances. ・ They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport. ・ They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested. You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt. Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment. Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away. Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm them into resources. Sewage, for example, is turned into compost that fertilizes plants and increases soil productivity, while captured rainwater is cleansed through innovative filtering systems and reused for watering plants. ({B)}Examples of Sustainable Communities({/B)} More than 400 ecovillages exist in the world, according to the Global Ecovillage Network database. The following examples outline life in just two of these communities. Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, Missouri. Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage is a developing 280-acre community in northeastern Missouri with far-reaching goals. It aims to be an entirely self-reliant town that practices "radical environmental sustainability’, according to the community’s website. The town’s founders hope to attract between 500 and 1 000 residents to create a diverse community more capable of providing for all of its own needs. Dancing Rabbit even has its own local currency to encourage local trading and sourcing of jobs. The ecovillage has established a set of six guidelines that may seem extreme to the lazy environ- mentalists among us, but should set the town well on its way towards achieving sustainability. 1. No vehicles are to be used or stored in the village. 2. Fossil fuels for cars, refrigeration, heating and cooling homes, as well heating domestic water aren’t allowed. 3. All gardening must be organic. 4. All power must come from renewable resources. 5. No lumber from outside the local area is allowed unless it is recycled or salvaged. 6. Organic waste and recyclable materials are to be reincorporated into usable products through composting methods. Long term, Dancing Rabbit citizens are trying to achieve negative population growth. If they want the current 50 or so residents to become 500 or I 000, they may want to rethink that last guideline. Los Angeles Ecovillage, California. You might think sustainable communities have to be set in the country, but that’s not true. Located just three miles west of downtown Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Ecovillage (LAEV) is a community of 500 residents seeking to have minimal impact on the environment while also providing a fulfilling way of life. The urban location near public transit, schools, churches, commercial services and industry helps residents drive less, while the dozens of gardens and fruit trees provide a local source of food. LAEV takes a whole-systems approach to sustainability, meaning that residents strive to balance’ the social, economic and environmental needs of the community. Here, clean water and air rank up there with close-knit relationships, ethnic diversity and affordable housing. Citizens have saved 20 tons of brick from the landfill to use in construction projects, composted over 100 cubic yards of yard waste and held countless weekly potluck dinners to establish and strengthen relationships. Who knew that sustainability could be possible even in one of the largest, most polluted cities in the United States ({B)}Other Eco-Friendly Communities({/B)} Residents of the two sustainable communities we just discussed deliberately placed sustainability at the top of their agenda. But communities spring up for lots of reasons not related to the environment, and sometimes the Earth benefits. Before "green" was the new buzzword and sustainability was cool, Old Order Amish communities were quietly co-existing with the planet since the early 18th century. While members of this religious group didn’t consciously develop their way of life to help the environment, their simple farm-based living doesn’t hurt it. The Amish use horses to power their farm equipment and to get around. Their homes have no electricity; instead, they use lanterns (灯笼) for light. In stark contrast to the rampant consumerism visible in many countries, the Amish do not own things they don’t need. They wear simple clothes, and their houses are sparsely furnished. Amish communities didn’t have to "return to the earth" to achieve their brand of sustainability. They were there all along. Cohousing developments offer another example of a living arrangement that unwittingly(未觉察地) practices sustainability. These developments typically are designed to encourage and strengthen social relationships, rather than to tread lightly on the environment, but, as it turns out, the two often go hand in hand. Although residents in a cohousing development enjoy the privacy of their own homes, they share a common building and other resources. Sharing major appliances like washing machines, power tools and heavy exercise equipment forces you to interact with your neighbors while reducing resource use. In addition, it allows individual houses to be smaller, which, along with the clustered arrangement of homes, preserves land. People who own cars (some people share cars) park them on the sides of the neighborhood to create a pedestrian friendly environment safe for children. Several times a week, residents may also eat a shared meal in the common building to strengthen ties. Cooking for many on one stove is much more energy efficient than cooking for 20 on separate stoves.How is sustainable public space developed in Serenbe A．People plant trees and make water flow in that space.B．Citizens can grow trees freely in the space.C．Concrete walls are made outside the place for a protection.D．Natural things in that space develop without human disturbance.

Complete the sentences with the words below . Change the form where necessary . critic multiple horizon grip composition worldly artistic personalized 1 . Her first pictures were of fishermen factory workers and lorry drivers, all remarkable for their _ _____and coloring.2 . The birth of landscape painting is hard to trace but most art _____ believe the Tang Dynasty played a vital role in the development of landscape painting in China. 3 . The artist will create your _____ portrait using the photo you provided.4 . Most of the time when you look at the sea you either look at the shoreline or the_____ 5 . I can't help but be totally_____ by the beautiful scenery portrayed in the landscape painting . 6 . Four major exhibitions celebrate different aspects of Guo Xi's _____ achievements this season.

* 本题备选项需点击原文空格处获取，在列表上点选即可。 In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that (26)_____ in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who’re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that (27)_____ would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been (28)_____ and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts. This idea is based on the principle that lions and other (29)_____ are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the (30)_____ of these protected areas. Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and (31)_____—with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.” Lions are (32)_____ ambush (埋伏) hunters, so when they feel their prey has (33)_____ them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are (34)_____ testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to (35)_____ if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.