__-|||-(2)① overline ({z)_(1)+(z)_(2)}= __ ;-|||-__-|||-② overline ({z)_(1)-(z)_(2)}= __ ;-|||-③ overline ({z)_(1)(z)_(2)}= __-|||-④ (dfrac ({z)_(1)}({z)_(2)})= __ (_(2)neq 0).

题目解答
答案

解析
本题考查复数共轭运算的性质,涉及加法、减法、乘法和除法的共轭运算规律。解题核心在于掌握复数共轭运算的四则运算规则,即:
- 加法/减法的共轭等于共轭后的加法/减法;
- 乘法的共轭等于共轭后的乘法;
- 除法的共轭等于共轭后的除法(分母不为零)。
① $\overline{z_1 + z_2}$
加法共轭性质
设 $z_1 = a + bi$,$z_2 = c + di$,则:
$z_1 + z_2 = (a + c) + (b + d)i$
其共轭为:
$\overline{z_1 + z_2} = (a + c) - (b + d)i$
而 $\overline{z_1} = a - bi$,$\overline{z_2} = c - di$,相加得:
$\overline{z_1} + \overline{z_2} = (a + c) - (b + d)i$
结论:$\overline{z_1 + z_2} = \overline{z_1} + \overline{z_2}$。
② $\overline{z_1 - z_2}$
减法共轭性质
同理,$z_1 - z_2 = (a - c) + (b - d)i$,共轭为:
$\overline{z_1 - z_2} = (a - c) - (b - d)i$
而 $\overline{z_1} - \overline{z_2} = (a - c) - (b - d)i$,结论:$\overline{z_1 - z_2} = \overline{z_1} - \overline{z_2}$。
③ $\overline{z_1 z_2}$
乘法共轭性质
计算 $z_1 z_2 = (ac - bd) + (ad + bc)i$,共轭为:
$\overline{z_1 z_2} = (ac - bd) - (ad + bc)i$
而 $\overline{z_1} \cdot \overline{z_2} = (a - bi)(c - di) = (ac - bd) - (ad + bc)i$,结论:$\overline{z_1 z_2} = \overline{z_1} \cdot \overline{z_2}$。
④ $\overline{\dfrac{z_1}{z_2}}$($z_2 \neq 0$)
除法共轭性质
将 $z_1/z_2$ 有理化:
$\frac{z_1}{z_2} = \frac{z_1 \overline{z_2}}{z_2 \overline{z_2}} = \frac{z_1 \overline{z_2}}{|z_2|^2}$
其共轭为:
$\overline{\dfrac{z_1}{z_2}} = \frac{\overline{z_1} z_2}{|z_2|^2}$
而 $\dfrac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}$ 有理化后为:
$\frac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}} = \frac{\overline{z_1} z_2}{z_2 \overline{z_2}} = \frac{\overline{z_1} z_2}{|z_2|^2}$
结论:$\overline{\dfrac{z_1}{z_2}} = \dfrac{\overline{z_1}}{\overline{z_2}}$。