题目
若方程组 } lambda x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 = 0 lambda x_2 + x_3 = 0 x_1 + x_2 = 0 有非零解,则 lambda = ________.
若方程组 $\begin{cases} \lambda x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 = 0 \\ \lambda x_2 + x_3 = 0 \\ x_1 + x_2 = 0 \end{cases}$ 有非零解,则 $\lambda = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$.
题目解答
答案
将方程组写成矩阵形式:
$\begin{pmatrix}\lambda & 2 & 1 \\0 & \lambda & 1 \\1 & 1 & 0\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}x_1 \\x_2 \\x_3\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}0 \\0 \\0\end{pmatrix}$
系数矩阵的行列式为:
$\det(A) = \begin{vmatrix}\lambda & 2 & 1 \\0 & \lambda & 1 \\1 & 1 & 0\end{vmatrix} = \lambda(\lambda \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 1) - 2(0 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 1) + 1(0 \cdot 1 - \lambda \cdot 1) = -\lambda + 2 - \lambda = 2 - 2\lambda$
令行列式为零求非零解:
$2 - 2\lambda = 0 \implies \lambda = 1$
答案: $\boxed{1}$