"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. "Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.While reformulating recipes （ 配方） is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches--including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes--will be needed. There is no silver bullet.What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and .tobacco?A.They were profitable to manufacture.B.They were in ever-increasing demand.C.They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.D.They were no longer considered necessities of life.Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?A.They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets.B.They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.C.The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.D.The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?A.It did not work out as well as was expected.B.It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.C.It could not succeed without German cooperation.D.It met with firm opposition from the food industry.What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?A.Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.B.Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.C.Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.D.Adjusting the physical composition of their products.What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet" （ Line 4, Para.7）?A.There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.B.There is no hope of success without public cooperation.C.There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.D.There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption..

Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国政府十分重视环境保护。近年来，中国在减少空气、水和土壤污染上取得了显著成效。为了不断改善人们的生活环境，中国采取了一系列有效措施，包括大力发展清洁能源，改善公共交通，推广共享单车，实施垃圾分类。通过这些措施，中国的城市和农村正在绿起来、美起来。中国还积极参与国际合作，为全球环境保护做出了重要贡献。

A significant reason that friendships often end when friendfs are apart for an ____ period of time is that one of both of the friends change.(extend)

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the given expressions. Change the form where necessary. Each expression can be used only once.at the timebe born within a new lightin comparisonmake up foron a missionpull awayspill out1. We dashed to the bus station and barely got on the bus when it ____.2. Many great speakers ____not ____the gift of speech; instead, they learn to speak well through practice.3. People used to think that Samuel was really shy. However, after he won the speech contest, they began to see him ____.4. On Nov. 24, 2020, China's Chang'e 5 spacecraft landed on the moon ____to gather rocks and soil and bring them to the earth.5. ____with the other applicants, the last girl we interviewed was much more skilled and experienced.6. I had forgotten my mother's birthday. So, the next day I bought her a bundle of flowers to ____it.7. The movie was over and the crowds ____onto the street.8. Along with many thinkers ____, Confucius attempted to find a way to keep social order and harmony.

要检索标题中含有'Air quality monitoring'的文章,应选择哪个字段A. AUB. ABC. TID. SU

In order to protect domestic industries, the government decided to _____ anti-dumping tariff on imported products.A. suggestB. removeC. identifyD. impose

Questions22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-22.A)It is the worst managed airport in German history.-|||-B)It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.-|||-C)It has become something of a joke among Germans.-|||-D)It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.-|||-23.A)The city`s airports are outdated. C)The city wanted to boost its economy.-|||-B)The city had just been reunified. D)The city wanted to attract more tourists.-|||-24.A)The municipal govemment kept changing hands.-|||-B)The construction firm breached the contract.-|||-C)Shortage of funding delayed its construction.-|||-D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up.-|||-25.A)Tourism industry in Berlin suffers. C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate.-|||-B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted. D) Complaints by local residents increase.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history. B)It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe. C)It has become something of a joke among Germans. D)It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency. 23. A) The city's airports are outdated. C) The city wanted to boost its economy. B)The city had just been reunified. D)The city wanted to attract more tourists. 24.A) The municipal government kept changing hands. B) The construction firm breached the contract. C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction. D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up. 25.A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers. C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate. B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted. D)Complaints by local residents increase.

The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach ﹩30 billion by next year， and startups（初创公司） want in on the action． What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products． So Brookdale， the country's largest owner of retirement communication， has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days， show off their products and hear what the residents have to say． That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez， 28， all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance， California． Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab． The startups product． Sentab TV， enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email， video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control． "It's nothing new， it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes．" says Roanguez． But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room． Instead， Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon Playing cards was on the agenda， as well as learning to play mahjong（麻将）． Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them something． I've had more feedback in a passive approach． "he says， "Playing pool， playing cards， having dinner， having lunch， all work better than going through a survey of questions． When they get to know me and to trust me， knowing for sure I'm not selling them something -there'll be more honest feedback from them． Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale's 1， 100 senior living communities． Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves． "First and foremost， the residents love it． "says Smith． "It also provides Brookdale the opportunity to learn about and experience new technologies quickly and inexpensively and to make sure that we understand what residents want and need． Mary Lou Busch， 93， agreed to try the Sentab system． She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone， but not for her． "I have the computer and Face time， which I talk with my family on． " she explains． She also has an ipad and a smart phone． "So I do pretty much everything I need to do． Rodriguez takes it pretty well． "I' m not going to lie to you， I would've liked a more positive response． " he says． But "if people don't need it or want it， it's up to us to change， adapt it or make it more useful． To be fair， if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic（害怕技术的） seniors he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community． This one is located in the heart of Southem Califomia's aerospace corridor． Many residents have backgrounds in engineering， business and academic circles． But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community： "People are more tech-skilled than we thought． And besides， where else would he learn to play mahjong？（1）What does the passage say about the startups？___A． They want to have a share of the seniors' goods marketB． They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors．C． They invite seniors to their companies to try their productsD． They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors（2）Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to___A． show senior residents how to use IT productsB． have an interview with potential customerC． conduct a survey of retirement communitiesD． collect residents' feedback on their products（3）What do we know about Sentab TV？___A． It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniorsB． It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs．C． It is a communication system via TV instead of a computerD． It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly（4）Which of the following best explains "solicits" underlined in Paragraph 4？___A， rejectsB． offersC． voicesD． seeks（5）What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products？___A． Knowing the likes and dislikes of customersB． Responding promptly to customer feedbackC． Winning trust from potential customersD． Demonstrating their superiority on the spot（6）What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community？___A． Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people．B． They are quite at ease with high-tech productsC． Most of them are interested in using the Sentab．D． They have much in common with seniors elsewhere

(v.) to discover or become informed about someone or something获悉；听说A. consist ofB. learn ofC. ins and outsD. in use