How Global Warming Works Gases in the Earth’’s atmosphere act like glass in a greenhouse-trapping heat and making life on Earth possible. But there is a delicate balance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Over the past century, increases in industry, transportation, and electricity production have increased gas concentrations in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them leading to human-caused warming of the globe.The Sources Of Global Warming The major source of global warming is carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, auto mobiles, and industry. Another source is global deforestation. ●Power plants are responsible for more than a third of U. S. CO2 emissions, yet there are no caps on CO2 emissions from power plants or any other industry. ●Gas guzzling cars and light trucks are also responsible for a third of U.S. CO2 emissions. Current regulations allow for very inefficient vehicles which spew tons of CO2. ●Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. When they are cut and burned that CO2is released back into the atmosphere. Massive deforestation around the globe is releasing large amounts of CO2 and decreasing the forests’’ ability to take CO2from the atmosphere.Solutions The U. S. , with only four percent of the world’’s population, is responsible for 22 percent of the world’’s greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, solutions exist to cut our global warming emissions. Decision makers in the United States should take the following steps. ●Increasing fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing dependence on foreign oil. ●Putting a cap on CO2 from power plants would cut millions of tons of CO2 pollution as well as decreasing pollution that causes acid rain, smog, and respiratory illness. ●Shifting investment from fossil fuels like coal and oil to renewable energy and energy efficiency would allow cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy to take their rightful place as market leaders. ●Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would be a modest but important first step to ward international emissions reductions.The Evidence Recently, alarming events that are consistent with scientific predictions about the effects of climate change have become more and more commonplace. The global average temperature has increased by about 0.5°C and sea level has risen by about 10 inches (25cm) in the past century. Official confirmation came in 1995, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an officially appointed international panel of over 2,500 of the world’’s leading scientific experts, found that evidence suggests a human influence on the global climate. The following are events which consistent with scientists predictions of the effects of global warming: ●The past two decades have witnessed a stream of new heat and precipitation re cords. The 10 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1980, the hottest year ever on record is 1997, and the hottest January through July on record occurred in 1998. ●Glaciers are melting around the world. Alaska’’s Columbia Glacier has retreated more than eight miles in the last 16 years while temperatures there have increased. A section of an Antarctic ice shelf as big as the District of Columbia broke off. ●Severe floods like the devastating Midwestern floods of 1993 and 1997 are becoming more common. ●Infectious diseases are moving into new areas as seen in the recent outbreaks of Dengue fever in Texas and Malaria in New Jersey.The Opposition The Global Climate Coalition, a powerful coalition of oil, power, and auto companies has followed the lead of tobacco companies by denying the harm they cause. They have spent millions of dollars trying to discredit the scientific consensus of the IPCC and slow steps to combat global warming. The public has not fallen for their deception, but the Global Climate Coalition appears to have had some impact on members of Congress.Health Risks Rates of infectious disease will rise, with the spread of mosquitoes and other disease carrying organisms that thrive in warm, wet climates. More frequent and more severe heat waves will pose a threat to public health, with children and the elderly especially vulnerable. In the 1990s, outbreaks of malaria have occurred in Michigan, Texas, Florida, Georgia, California, New Jersey and New York. Two major heat waves-in Chicago in 1995 and Dallas in 1998-killed more than 600 people.Environmental Destruction Rising global temperatures and melting of glaciers will directly impact ocean and coast al habitats. Ecosystems will, be destroyed and species will die off, as sea levels rise, sea sons shift, and glaciers and polar ice caps melt. Polar bears are threatened with starvation as melting sea ice keeps them from their food.Catastrophic Weather Warmer temperatures will speed evaporation, leading to drought in some places and heavy downpours and flooding in others. Extreme weather events as well as El Ninno events may become more intense and more frequent. In 1999, the U. S. experienced one of the most extreme droughts ever recorded, and Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware faced their driest growing seasons on record. That same year, the Pacific North west experienced its second wettest year on record. Nevada, California and Iowa all experienced deadly floods. Recent years have seen record hurricanes, including the most destructive ever.Clean Energy Agenda A rapid transition to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources will combat global warming, protect human health, create new jobs, protect habitat and wildlife, and ensure a secure, affordable energy future. In contrast, our reliance on coal, oil and nuclear power imperils the world’’s climate, fouls the environment, harms human health, and results in the proliferation of nuclear materials. We can meet our energy needs without threatening our children’’s future using commonsense ways to mobilize American ingenuity and re sources for a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. It will eliminate energy waste, phase out fossil fuels and nuclear power, and help the United States lead the world into a sustainable energy future,Clean Power In the next decade, increase fourfold the amount of energy obtained from non-hydro renewable sources such as the sun and wind. By 2020, produce at least one-third of the nation’’s energy from renewable sources, and double the efficiency of energy use in homes, buildings, transportation and industry.Clean Air Clean up our power plants by setting progressively tighter limits on all power plant pollution-including carbon dioxide, the major cause of global warming. Close the loophole that allows old coal-fired power plants to pollute much more than newer plants.Clean CarsHold sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans to the same air pollution standards as cars. Improve the fuel efficiency of new cars and light trucks to a combined average of 45 miles per gallon (MPG) by 2010 and at least 65 MPG by 2020. Offer incentives that build strong markets for renewable fuels and for clean vehicles powered by hybrid motors and fuel cells.Clean Investments Quadruple federal investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency within five years, and continue this momentum over the long term Stop spending taxpayer dollars to subsidize the coal, oil and nuclear industries. Provide adequate resources and job training for affected workers and communities to ensure a just transition to a sustainable energy economy.The United States is the world’’s No. 1 emitter of greenhouse gases. A．YB．NC．NG

[听力文本资源]W: Excuse me, I am Lucy, I called yesterday and we made an appointment of interview at 10 o’clock.M: Oh, hi, I am Daniel, the Human Resource Manager. Please come in and sit down please! Say, you are from South America?W: Yes, I am, originally. I was born in Argentina.M: Did you grow up there?W: Yes, I did, but my family moved here eight years ago, when I was in high school.M: And where did you learn your major—laws?W: Here in Whitman College. I have learnt it for about five years. I worked in a law office three years ago. After that, I was a legal representative of a company in China.M: Oh, cool. How many hours a week did you work then?W: Normally, forty hours a week from Monday through Friday. But working hours vary according to the company.M: What if you work more than forty hours a week? Do you get paid?W: Certainly. Most workers get paid by the hour and if you work more than forty hours or on weekends you get paid overtime.M: That’s the same fair system here in our company. Ready to work overtime! Now let’s discuss your insurance.W: OK.M: We will provide you with retirement, medical and unemployment insurance.W: That’s great.M: If you are satisfied with all these, then please sign the contract. Welcome to join us![听力文本资源]1. [听力文本资源] What do we know about the woman? [听力文本资源]A) She is a student.B) She is an employee.C) She is having a class.D) She is having an interview. 2. [听力文本资源] Who is the man? [听力文本资源]A) He is the boss.B) He is paid overtime.C) He works for an insurance company.D) He is the manager of Human Resource. 3. [听力文本资源] How many years did the woman get contact with laws? [听力文本资源]A) About five years.B) About three years.C) More than ten years.D) More than eight years. 4. [听力文本资源] What will the woman get if she joins in the man’s company? [听力文本资源]A) The woman will have her retirement insurance. B) The woman will receive adequate training.C) The woman will get promotion soon.D) The woman will work with a company in China.

The German government isn't just banning some children's smartwatches - it's telling people to "destroy" the gadgets (小玩意) already popular around the country． On Friday， Germany's telecom regulator the Federal Network Agency announced that a number of these devices， designed for ages 5to 12， can allow someone to remotely tap into the watch's microphone and spy from remote locations． The regulator isn't just concerned about the potential of people spying on children - it's concerned that the devices can be used to spy on anyone． And in Germany， it's illegal to record private conversations without permission． "According to our investigations， parents were using the watches， for example， to listen in on teachers during class．" said Federal Network Agency President Jochen Homann in a statement． Smartwatches that make phone calls， like the Apple Watch， are legal in Germany． The problem with many of the children's smartwatches， however， is that the devices have a classic snooping (监听) function， similar to a baby monitor， which can be easily activated just by using an app． "Via an app， parents can use such children's watches to listen unnoticed to the child's environment and as such， they are to be regarded as an unauthorized transmitting system，" said Homann． The German regulator is so serious about destroying these devices； it's asking citizens to record the watches' destruction and to file evidence online． Once the watches are destroyed， the regulator will provide a "certificate of destruction"， confirming the deed was done． This isn't the first time the Federal Network Agency told German citizens to destroy a consumer device． In February， the regulator prohibited the doll "My Friend Cayla" and treated it as an "spy device．" Apparently， the dolls were fitted with radio transmission technology that could allow children to be spied on． Beware consumer tech producers： The German government won't just ban devices that make spying possible； they'll demand the devices be destroyed with hammer (or whatever means of destruction one prefers) - even if they're dolls． 58． We can know from the passage that ． A． smartwatches can be used to spy on anyone except children B． it is legal for parents to listen in on teachers via smartwatches C． people needn't worry about the snooping function of smartwatches D． the destruction of smartwatches can be confirmed by a certificate 59． By mentioning the doll "My Friend Cayla"， the author aims to show ． A． the popularity of radio transmission technology B． the determination of the German government C． different forms of spy devices in Germany D． German citizens' trust in their government 60． Where can you probably find the passage？ A． In a news report． B． In a tourist brochure． C． In a research paper． D． In a technology magazine．

Smartphone addiction can be _ as a disorder involving compulsive overuse of mobile devices.A. previewedB. cultivatedC. definedD. gripped

After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. 　　There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. 　　Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. 　　If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep! 【小题1】A good title for this passage is ____. A．Sleep B．Dreams C．Good Health D．Work and Rest 【小题2】The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____. A．sick B．asleep C．stand up D．a little sleepy 【小题3】This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____. A．dream more often B．have poor health C．nervous D．breathe quickly 【小题4】During REM, ____. A．your eyes move quickly B．you dream C．you are restless D．both A and B 【小题5】The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ . A．approximately six hours B．around ten hours C．about eight hours D．not described here

Directions: Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the word bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.acceleration carefully candidates celebration converted misuse employ evolving identity locating prevalence advocates reliably replaced translatedFacial recognition is everywhere. The rapid 1) ________ of facial recognition technology has transformed its application, making it an integral aspect of our daily interactions. Its 2) ________ is evident every time we unlock our phones, tag friends on social media, or go through customs.The term 'facial recognition' denotes a process wherein computer vision algorithms (算法) analyze and confirm the identity of faces in photos or videos. While individual facial recognition solutions may 3) ________ specific algorithms, the overall process can be summarized into three key steps.Firstly, the detection phase involves 4) ________ a face in an input image and placing each face into a bounding box (边界框). To achieve this, facial recognition algorithms undergo training to discern facial characteristics across diverse datasets.Secondly, during the analysis phase, facial features are 5) ________ mapped out. Measurements, such as the distances between the eyes, nose, and mouth, along with chin shape identification, are critical. These measurements are then combined and 6) ________ into a unique set of numbers, commonly referred to as the faceprint.

Directions:In this section, you'll hear a conversation. At the end of the conversation, some questions will be asked. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.(1) (单选题)1.A.It is expensive.B.It is necessary.C.It is lovely.D.It is cruel.(2) (单选题)2.A.Because zoos give people entertainment.B.ecause zoos have magnificent creatures.C.Because zoos make people care about animals.D.Because zoos allow parents to spend time with kids.(3) (单选题)3.A.We don't have to pay money to see animals.B.We don't have to make animals live miserably.C.We don't have to risk our lives to capture them.D.We don't have to take the trouble to go to the zoos.(4) (单选题)4.A.Because they don't attract many customers.B.ecause they don't live in a natural environment.C.Because they don't like to be behind the glass walls.D.Because they don't feel comfortable living in small cages.

In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an increase in earnings.What If Middle-Class Jobs Disappear?F. The introduction of the tractor and improvements in the factory rapidly reduced the demand for uneducated workers. By the 1930s, a marginal farm hand could not produce enough to justify his employment. Sharecropping, never much better than a subsistence occupation, was no longer viable(可行的). Meanwhile, machines were replacing manufacturing occupations like cigar rolling and glass blowing for light bulbs.G. The structural-transition interpretation of the unemployment problem of the 1930s would be that the demand for uneducated workers in the United States had fallen, but the supply remained high. The high school graduation rate was only 8.8% in 1912 and still just 29% in 1931. By 1950, it had reached 59%. With a new generation of workers who had completed high school, the mismatch between skills and jobs had been greatly reduced.H. What took place after World War Ⅱ was not the revival of a 1920s economy, with its small farming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of laborers. Instead, the 1950s saw the creation of a new suburban economy, with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an expanded transportation and communications infrastructure(基础设施), businesses needed telephone operators, shipping clerks and similar occupations. If you could read, follow simple instructions, and settle into a routine, you could find a job in the post-war economy.I. The trend away from manual labor has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, the share of production and non-supervisory workers in manufacturing employment went from over 85% just after World War II to less than 70% in more recent years. To put this another way, the proportion of white-collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years. On the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires more cognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-defined procedures.J. As noted earlier, the proportion of clerical workers in the economy peaked in 1980. By that date, computers and advanced communications equipment had already begun to affect telephone operations and banking. The rise of the personal computer and the Internet has widened the impact of these technologies to include nearly every business and industry.K. The economy today differs from that of a generation ago. Mortgage and consumer loan underwriters(风险评估人) have been replaced by credit scoring. Record stores have been replaced by music downloads. Book stores are closing, while sales of books on electronic readers have increased. Data entry has been moved off shore. Routine customer support also has been outsourced(外包) overseas.L. These trends serve to limit the availability of well-defined jobs. If a job can be characterized by a precise set of instructions, then that job is a candidate to be automated or outsourced to modestly educated workers in developing countries. The result is what David Autor calls the polarization of the American job market.M. Using the latest Census Bureau data, Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real earnings of college graduates (with no advanced degree) fell by more in percentage terms than the earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category to show an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.N. The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communications technology and computer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, many people earn a living as drivers, including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driver less vehicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field of education. In the fall of 2011, an experiment with an online course in artificial intelligence conducted by two Stanford professors drew tens of thousands of registrants(报名者).This increases the student-teacher ratio by a factor of close to a thousand. Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.O. It's important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a "loss of jobs" means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that productivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some workers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out of jobs. Rather, new jobs emerge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more people are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.A、A. The most recent recession in the United States began in December of 2007 and ended in June 2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the official end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles are behind us. The unemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labor market indicators, such as the proportion of long-term unemployed, are worse now than for any postwar recession.B、B. There are two widely circulated narratives to explain what's going on. The Keynesian narrative is that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this narrative, the slump can be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal(财政的) stimulus. The main anti-Keynesian narrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty and over-regulation. According to this narrative, the slump can be cured by having the government commit to and follow a more hands-off approach.C、C. I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand or for the regulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important factor in the current rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in which the middle-class jobs that emerged after World War Ⅱ have begun to decline. As Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine:"The root of our problems is not that we're in a great recession, or a great stagnation(停滞), but rather that we are in the early throes(阵痛) of a great restructuring."D、D. In fact, I believe the Great Depression of the 1930s can also be interpreted in part as an economic transition. The impact of the internal combustion engine(内燃机) and the small electric motor on farming and manufacturing reduced the value of uneducated laborers. Instead, by the 1950s, a middle class of largely clerical(从事文秘工作的) workers was the most significant part of the labor force. Between 1930 and 1950, the United States economy underwent a great transition. Demand fell for human effort such as lifting, squeezing, and hammering. Demand increased for workers who could read and follow directions. The evolutionary process eventually changed us from a nation of laborers to a nation of clerks.E、E. The proportion of employment classified as "clerical workers" grew from 5.2% in 1910 to a peak of 19.3% in 1980. (However, by 2000 this proportion had edged down to 17.4%.) Overall, workers classified as clerical workers, technical workers, managers and officials exceeded 50% of the labor force by 2000. Corresponding declines took place in the manual occupations. Workers classified as laborers, other than farm hands or miners, peaked at 11.4% of the labor force in 1920 but were barely 6% by 1950 and less than 4% by 2000. Farmers and farm laborers fell from 33% of the labor force in 1910 to less than 15% by 1950 and only 1.2% in 2000.

C. rA. (使)猛撞，碰撞B. 扰乱；使混乱C. 漫游（于）；流浪（于）D. (被)撕裂；(被)扯开

on trend________ increasingly________ progressively________ trendy________ permeate________ emerge________ make way to________ shift____1. This kind of lifestyle____(进入了农村).2. Compared with millennials, older generations in America are____(逐渐地变得更保守).3. Millennials are____(越来越不感兴趣) logo-centric(标牌明显的) clothes and want unbranded goods more and more.4. Minimalism (极简主义)____(成为时髦) for the new millennium.5. Millennials prefer____(时尚的饮料) over beers.6. While Generation Z are____(才刚开始出现) in the job market, within a decade they will account for almost 1 in 5 workers.