Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture？ From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays. Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26. Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives. Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final. The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup. It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing? 1．What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep? A.They don't fall asleep until very late. B.They don't sleep much on weekends. C.They sleep longer than people elsewhere. D.They get less sleep on public holidays. 2．What does the author say about people's sleeping habits? A.They are culture-related B.They affect people's health. C.They change with the seasons. D.They vary from person to person 3．What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns? A.They have trouble falling asleep. B.They are involved in a sleep research. C.They want to get sufficient sleep. D.They want to go to bed on regular hours. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Sleeplessness does harm to people's health. B.It is important to study our sleep patterns. C.Few people really know the importance of sleep. D.Average people probably sleep.
请指出对于这篇文章以下哪个描述是正确的 《Hemicellulose: Structure, chemical modification, and application》（需要在PDF中查看）Science Direct数据库 A. Received 4 November 2022B. Revised 11 March 2023C. Accepted 11 March 2023D. Available online 14 March 2023
You say you spent three months completely cut-off from the _______ world. What steps did you take to do that?(你说，你有三个月完全脱离电子虚拟世界，你是如何实施的？)A. true B. real C. practical D. virtual
________，the text became easier for us to learn．（ ）A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words
POWERING THE PLANETA Despite modern society's heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy, most people are aware that the supply of these fuels is finite. As oil and other fossil fuels become more costly and difficult to find, researchers are looking at alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, and even nuclear power. But which substitute—if any—is the right one? SolarB Solar panels catch energy directly from the sun and convert it into electricity. One of the world's largest solar power stations is in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where more than 2.5 million solar panels have the capacity to generate enough power for 750, 000 people. But unlike the burning of fossil fuels, the process used to create all that solar energy produces no emissions.C Today, however, solar power provides less than 2 percent of the world's energy, primarily because the cost of the panels is still very high. But price is only one issue. Clouds and darkness also cause solar panels to produce less energy. This requires that additional power sources (such as batteries) be available.D Some scientists think the solution to this problem can be found in space, which is the ideal place to gather energy from the sun. With no clouds and no nighttime, a space-based solar power station could operate constantly. These stations would send the power back to Earth, which could then be turned into electricity for consumption. Advocates of solar space stations say this technology would initially require a lot of money, but eventually it could provide continuous, clean energy that would be cheaper than other fuels. Also, unlike other energy sources, solar power from space would last as long as the sun shines, and would guarantee everyone on Earth all the energy they need.WindE Wind—the fastest-growing alternative energy source—is another way of collecting energy from the sun. Wind is caused by the sun's heat rather than its light. Therefore, unlike solar power, wind power works well even on cloudy days.F All over the world, incentives designed to decrease the dependence on oil and coal have led to a steep increase in wind-powered energy. Today, Asia leads the world in wind power, producing around 230, 000 megawatts, the equivalent of 230 large coal-powered plants. Europe produces nearly 180, 000 megawatts. North America remains a distant third, at 105, 000.G Despite its successes, some people are protesting wind-power development, saying the turbines are both noisy and ugly. Just outside England's Lake District—a protected national park—a dozen existing wind towers are due to be removed. "This is a high-quality landscape, " says one local homeowner. "They shouldn't be putting those things in here."H There are other challenges, too. If the wind doesn't blow, the turbines are not able to produce adequate energy. As a result, other power sources are needed. In contrast, a strong wind can create too much power. In cases like this, the energy company must sell the extra power at a much-reduced rate, which is not good for business.I What's needed for both wind and solar is a way to store a large energy surplus. However, most systems are still decades away from making this a reality. On the plus side, both wind and solar power enable people to generate their own energy where they live: people can have their own windmills or solar panels, with batteries for calm days.NuclearJ In the 1970s, nuclear power was seen as the main energy alternative. Nuclear power produces vast amounts of electricity more cheaply than gas or coal, with no carbon emissions. For a number of years in the 1980s and '90s, however, use of nuclear power declined due to accidents, concerns about nuclear waste storage and disposal, and high construction costs.K Today, times are changing. Worldwide, about 450 plants generate 11 percent of the planet's electric power, and some countries have invested heavily in nuclear energy. France, for instance, gets three-quarters of its electricity from nuclear power, the highest percentage of any country. China has started to build one or two new plants a year, and India has also begun to utilize nuclear energy on a large scale.L However, there are still concerns about the safety of nuclear power, as seen, for example, at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan. The country had to close the nuclear reactors at Fukushima when the plant was hit by a tsunami and, as a consequence, began releasing substantial amounts of radioactive materials. Many still believe, however, that nuclear power is one of the future's greenest energy alternatives.M In the end, are any of these sources alone the answer to our current energy problems? The short answer is no, but used in some combination—along with other power sources—we may find ways to reduce and eventually eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels.(1)What is this reading mainly about? A.possible replacements for fossil fuelsB.the various causes of the global energy crisisC.the benefits of solar power over other alternative energy sourcesD.problems caused by our overdependence on fossil fuels(2)Which of these statements about solar energy is stated in the text? A.Solar is currently the biggest contributor to the world's energy.B.Solar energy is cheap to produce due to the low price of solar panels.C.Solar space stations could be the solution to the energy crisis.D.Solar energy can have a harmful effect on the environment.(3)What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of wind power? A.Strong winds can produce too much power.B.Strong winds can damage the turbines.C.The turbines can create a lot of noise.D.Some people consider the turbines to be ugly.(4)Which country gets most of its power from nuclear power? A.FranceB.IndiaC.JapanD.China(5)Which question is closest in meaning to In the end, are any of these sources alone the answer to our current energy problems? (paragraph M)A.Is there an energy source that can solve all of our energy problems on its own? B.Can our current energy problems be solved by making sure we stop burning fossil fuel? C.Can we solve our energy problems by using all the alternative energy sources together? D.Is finding an alternate to fossil fuels the only way to solve our energy problems?
ㅤGrizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere（敬畏） them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear.ㅤ"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，" says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more，they're interestingly being sighted by humans.ㅤThe western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.ㅤToday，there are about 2 ，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed.ㅤObviously，if precautions（ 预防） aren't taken，grizzlies can become troublesome ，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，" says James Jonkel，longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.（1）How do Americans look at grizzlies？ ____ A．They cause mixed feelings in people.B．They should be kept in national parks.C．They are of high scientific value.D．They are a symbol of American culture.（2）What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？ ____ A．The European settlers' behavior.B．The expansion of bears' range.C．The protection by law since 1975.D．The support of Native Americans.（3）What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies？ ____ A．The opposition of conservation groups.B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.C．The voice of the biologists.D．The local farmers' advocates.（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ____ A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
So many directors( ), the board meeting had to be put off.A. were absentB. been absentC. had been absentD. being absent
9.( 3.0 分 ) [ 单选题 ] When interviewers ask about you previous contributions they want to learn whether you have the skills required to do the job . A 面试官经常会问起你以前工作和公司的一些情况以便决定你是否是他们所需要的人选 B 当面试官询问你以往做出的贡献时，他们是想了解你是否具备从事该项工作所需的技能。 C 面试官往往都很想了解你以往所做出的贡献，这样他们就可以为你安排一个合适的岗位。
E Like most people，I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation，that my profession is a standard people use to see how smart or talented I am.Recently，however，I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a smalltown reporter and took a job waiting tables.As someone paid to serve food to people，I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances.One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away，then asked me back with his finger minutes later，complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤杂工)by plenty of people.But at 19 years old，I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.Besides，people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college.Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table，waiting to be served. Once I graduated，I took a job at a community newspaper.From my first day，I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me.I assumed this was the way the professional world worked. I soon found out differently.I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name.Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie.The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved，but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me politely.So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables，and fortunately，much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips.The service industry，by definition，exists to satisfy others' needs.Still，it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school，which means someday I'll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.I think I'll take them to dinner first，and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them. (1)The author was disappointed to find that ______. A．one's position is used as a standard to measure one's intelligence B．talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job C．one's occupation affects the way one is treated as a person D．professionals tend to look down upon manual waitresses (2)What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph? A．Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. B．People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absentminded. C．Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances. D．Some customers like to complain because of the waitress' poor service. (3)How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19? A．She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional. B．She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon. C．She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her. D．She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. (4)The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 means “______”． A．those who satisfy others' needs are sure to be looked down upon B．those working in the service industry shouldn't be treated as servants C．those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living D．the majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays
Despite modem society's heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy， most people are aware that the supply of these fuels is finite （有限的）． As oil， in particular， becomes more costly and difficult to find， researchers are looking at alternative energy sources， including solar， wind， and even nuclear power． But which is the right one？ Solar panels catch energy directly from the sun and convert it into electricity． One of the world's largest solar power stations is located near Leipzig， Germany， where more than 33，000 solar panels generate enough energy to power about 1，800 homes． But unlike the burning of fossil fuels， the process used to create all that solar energy produces no emissions． Today， however， solar provides less than one percent of the world's energy， primarily because the cost of the panels is still very high． And price is only one issue． Clouds and darkness also cause solar panels to produce less energy， which requires one to have additional power sources （such as batteries） available． Some scientists think the solution to this problem can be found in space - which they say is the ideal place to gather energy from the sun． With no clouds and no nighttime， a space-based solar power station could operate constantly． These stations would send the power back to Earth， which could then be turned into electricity for consumption． Supporters of solar space stations say this technology would require a lot of money at the beginning， but eventually it could provide continuous， clean energy that would be cheaper than other fuels． Also， unlike other energy sources， solar power from space will last as long as the sun shines and will be able to guarantee everyone on Earth all the energy they need． Wind - the fastest-growing alternative energy source - is another way of collecting energy from the sun． Unlike solar power， however， it works well on cloudy days． All over Europe，incentivesdesigned to decrease the dependence on oil and coal have led to a steep increase in wind-powered energy． Despite its successes， some oppose wind-power development， saying the turbines are both noisy and ugly． Just outside England's Lake District， a protected national park， 27 wind towers are planned， each about 40 meters tall． Many locals are protesting． "This is a high-quality landscape，" says one local home owner． "They shouldn't be putting those things in here．" There are other challenges too． If the wind doesn't blow， the turbines don't have the capacity to produce enough energy． As a result， other power sources are needed． In contrast， a strong wind can create too much power． In cases like this， the energy company must sell the extra power at a much-reduced rate， which is not good for business． What's needed for both wind and solar is a way to store a large energy surplus （盈余） so that it can later be turned into electricity． However， most systems are still decades away from making this a reality． Nuclear was the energy alternative in the 1970s． Nuclear power produces vast amounts of electricity more cheaply than gas or coal， with no carbon emissions． For a number of years in the 1980s and '90s， however， use of nuclear power declined due to accidents， concerns about nuclear waste storage and disposal， and high construction costs． Today， though， times are changing． Worldwide about 440 plants now generate 16 percent of the planet's electric power， and some countries have invested heavily in nuclear energy． France， for instance， gets 78 percent of its electricity from nuclear power． China has started to build one or two new plants a year， and Japan and India have also begun to utilize nuclear energy on a large scale． Though there are still concerns about the safety of nuclear power， many now believe it may be one of the future's greenest energy alternatives． In the end， are any of these sources alone the answer to our current energy problems？ The short answer is no， but used in some combination - along with other power sources - we may find ways to reduce and eventually eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels．（1）The following statements about alternative sources are true EXCEPT that ____ ．A． unlike solar power， windmills are not much affected by weatherB． solar power stations don't have the capacity to store extra powerC． neither solar or nuclear power plants produce carbon pollutionD． nuclear power has regained its popularity despite safety concerns（2）The underlined word "incentives" in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ____ ．A． panelsB． parksC． productsD． policies（3）According to the author of the article， ____ ．A． space-based solar power stations are the perfect solution to the darknessB． wind towers ruin the landscape in the national park and disturb daily lifeC． the extra power created by stronger winds has to be sold at a lower priceD． none of the alternative energy sources alone can fully replace fossil fuels（4）The best title for this article is ____ ．A． The Energy Crisis AheadB． Powering the FutureC． Addicted to Fossil Fuel？D． The Finite Resources
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The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母 ) A seq----- of events or things is a number of events or things that come one after another in a particular order.
拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中根小短线代表一个 字母 ) A va---- is a space that contains no air or other gas.
拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) If there is a bo-- in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity.
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) To aut _ _ _ _ _ a factory , office , or industrial process means to put in machines which can do the work instead of people.
ⅢComplete the following sentences with the given sentence structures-|||-get ready for.sa为························备-|||-e.g.Susan has to buy a lot of things to get ready for her trip.(苏珊不得不买很多东西为旅行做准备。)-|||-1 The boy got up early to __ (为上学做准备).-|||-2 I have a lot of work to do to __ (为明天做准备).
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
选择合适的单词补全句子。-|||-I __ in the city.-|||-live lives
拼写合适的单词补全句子(答案不区分大小写;单词提提示中一根小短线代表一个字母)Something that is inf- - - - - has no limit,end,or edge.
拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) To enh ---- something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness.
拼写合适的单词补全句子（答案不区分大小写；单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母） Someone or something that is so---- is very serious rather than cheerful or humorous.
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
question or statement.Hot pot is a traditional dish in China. It is believed to date back more than 1,000 years to the time of the Jin Dynasty. Hot pot's origins can be found in the dining practices of Mongolian horsemen who rode across the steppe and into northern China. Legend has it that the Mongols used their helmets as pots to simmer (炖) broth (汤底) over open fires, and cooked chunks of meat in the broth.Hot pot cooking seems to have spread to northern China during the Tang Dynasty. In the regional variations developed with different ingredients such as seafood. In the centuries that witnessed the growth of the Song Dynasty, hot pot moved — and changed — further south, with each successive region adapting it to their local ingredients and tastes.The ingredients in a hot pot vary a lot from region to region. Perhaps the most famous hot pot is the Chongqing or Sichuan hot pot. It features a dark red broth chock-full (塞满了的) of spices, chili peppers, and the uniquely mouth-numbing Sichuan peppers. In Beijing and elsewhere in the north, hot pot broth tends to be mild and, compared to its racy southern "cousins", a little light. In the northeast of China, a kind of local sauerkraut (酸菜) is used to add some tang (强烈的味道), making the broth a bit sour. People can choose a version of hot pot according to their taste.1 Hot pot is believed to date back more than 1,000 years to the time of _______.A. the Jin Dynasty B. the Tang DynastyC. the Song Dynasty D. the Yuan Dynasty
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
选择合适的单词补全句子
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
一、拼写合适的单词补全句子（答案不区分大小写；单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母） If someone is __ob---__ , they are extremely fat.