What kind of leaders are viewed as ethical by entitled employees? According to a recent study, a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some degree by a sense of entitlement. Work is less about what they can contribute but more about what they can take. It can lead to workplace dysfunction and diminish their own job satisfaction. I’m not referring to employees who are legitimately dissatisfied with their employment conditions due to, say, being denied fair pay or flexible work practices. I’m talking about those who consistently believe they deserve special treatment and generous rewards. It’s an expectation that exists irrespective of their abilities or levels of performance. As a result of that discrepancy between the privileges they feel they’re owed and their inflated sense of self-worth, they don’t work as hard for their employer. They prefer instead to slack off. It’s a tendency which many scholars believe begins in childhood due to parents who overindulge their kids. This thereby leads them to expect the same kind of spoilt treatment throughout their adult lives. And yet despite how these employees feel, it’s obviously important for their manager to nonetheless find out how to keep them motivated. And, by virtue of that heightened motivation, to perform well. The research team from several American universities surveyed more than 240 individuals. They sampled managers as well as team members. Employee entitlement was measured by statements such as “I honestly feel I’m just more deserving than others.” The respondents had to rate the extent of their agreement. Employee engagement, meanwhile, was assessed with statements like “I really throw myself into my work.” The findings revealed ethical leadership is precisely what alleviates the negative effects of employee entitlement. That’s because rather than indulging employees or neglecting them, ethical leaders communicate very direct and clear expectations. They also hold employees accountable for their behaviors and are genuinely committed to doing the right thing. Additionally, these leaders are consistent in their standards. They’re also less likely to deviate in how they treat employees. This means, when confronted by an entitled team member, an ethical leader is significantly disinclined to accommodate their demands. He or she will instead point out, constructively and tactfully, exactly how their inflated sense of deservingness is somewhat distorted. They’d then go further to explain the specific, and objective, criteria the employee must meet to receive their desired rewards. This shift away from unrealistic expectations is successful because entitled employees feel more confident that ethical leaders will deliver on their promises. This occurs because they’re perceived to be fair and trustworthy. The researchers, however, exercise caution by warning no one single response is the perfect remedy. But there’s no denying ethical leadership is at least a critical step in the right direction.entitle v. 使享有权利；给…命名dysfunction n. 异常；功能不良diminish v. 减少；降低irrespective adv. 不考虑；不顾discrepancy n. 差异；不符inflated adj. 膨胀的；高涨的overindulge v. 过分纵容respondent n. 调查对象alleviate v. 减轻；缓和ethical adj. 道德的；伦理的accountable adj. 负有责任的deviate v. 偏离；违背accommodate v. 容纳；考虑到transparent adj. 透明的；显而易见的A、Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments.B、Those who can do things beyond normal expectations.C、Those who exercise caution in making major decisions.D、Those who know how to satisfy their employees’ needs.

A hinge joint is _____ permits forward and backward movement of a door.A. theB. whoseC. whatD. those

— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.A. in；toB. on；toC. in；on

He __ that he was unwelcome and left.（ ）A. perceivedB. conceivedC. receivedD. aware

Section A-|||-Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked-|||-A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.-|||-Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectu and physical changes that-|||-young adults experience.And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can be-|||-best adapted to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 2 ,but not just-|||-in ways that emphasize competition. 3 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a-|||-whole host of new intectuctual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self--|||-conscious and need the 4 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their-|||-accomplishments are 5 by others.However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already-|||-filled with so much competition that it would be 6 to plan activities in which there-|||-are more winners than losers, 7 , publishing newsletters many student-written-|||-book reviews, 8 student artwork,and sponsoring book discussio clubs.A variety-|||-of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leaders as well as for practice in-|||-successful 9 dynamics(互动).Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,-|||-and many shy students need the 10 of some kind of organization with a supportive-|||-adult 11 visible in the background.-|||-In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have 12 -|||-attention spans(持续时间).A variety of activities should be organized 13 -|||-participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without-|||-feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down .This does not mean that-|||-adults must accept irresponsibility 14 they can help students acquire a sense of-|||-commitment by 15 for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans-|||-and by having clearly stated rules.-|||-1.A.thought B.idea C.opinion D.advice-|||-2.A.care B.nutrition C.exercise D.leisure-|||-3.A.If B.Although C. Unless D.Because-|||-4.A.assistance B.guidance C.confidence D.toleranceSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and A. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious lto how they can be best adapted to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 2 but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 3they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self- conscious and need the 4that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 5 by others. However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 6 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,7publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 8|student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership,as well as for practice in successful___9dynamics(互动).Making friends is extrenely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 10 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult_ 11 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens havel 2 attention spans (持续时间). A variety of activities should be organized 13 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility 14 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 15 for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 1.B.Thought C.idea D. opinion E.advice 2.F.Care G. nutrition H. exercise I. leisure 3.J.If K. Although L.Unless M. Because 4.N.Assistance O. guidance P.confidence Q.Section A-|||-Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked-|||-A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.-|||-Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectu and physical changes that-|||-young adults experience.And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can be-|||-best adapted to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 2 ,but not just-|||-in ways that emphasize competition. 3 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a-|||-whole host of new intectuctual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self--|||-conscious and need the 4 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their-|||-accomplishments are 5 by others.However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already-|||-filled with so much competition that it would be 6 to plan activities in which there-|||-are more winners than losers, 7 , publishing newsletters many student-written-|||-book reviews, 8 student artwork,and sponsoring book discussio clubs.A variety-|||-of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leaders as well as for practice in-|||-successful 9 dynamics(互动).Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,-|||-and many shy students need the 10 of some kind of organization with a supportive-|||-adult 11 visible in the background.-|||-In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have 12 -|||-attention spans(持续时间).A variety of activities should be organized 13 -|||-participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without-|||-feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down .This does not mean that-|||-adults must accept irresponsibility 14 they can help students acquire a sense of-|||-commitment by 15 for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans-|||-and by having clearly stated rules.-|||-1.A.thought B.idea C.opinion D.advice-|||-2.A.care B.nutrition C.exercise D.leisure-|||-3.A.If B.Although C. Unless D.Because-|||-4.A.assistance B.guidance C.confidence D.toleranceR.Claimed S. admired T.ignored U. overtaken 6.V.Improper W. risky X. fair Y. wise 7.Z.In effect [. as a result . for example ]. In a sense 8.^.Displaying _. describing `.creating a. exchanging 9.b.Group c. individual d.personnel e. corporation 10.f.Promise g. insurance h.admission i. security ll. j.Particularly k. Barely l. definitely m. frequently 12.n.Similar o. long p.different q. short 13.r.If only s. now that t.so that u. even if 14.v.On the contrary w. On the whole x. On the average y. On the other hand 15.z.Making (. standing |.planning ). taking

This morning Jack came to school late ______.A. than usualB. as usualC. like usualD. like usually

The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript. will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science)是()A. 一款播放器软件B. 一款杀毒软件C. 一种视频文件D. 一款统计分析软件

188.The fight lastedbut a few minutes, when the enemy soldiers ___ before us for twelve miles.A. vanishedB. retreatedC. approachedD. proceeded

简答题（共3题，30.0分）26、(10.0分)翻译：Will you see to it that the letters are posted today?_