What does the author say in the first paragraph about physical contact? Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indifference in interpersonal relationships. So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminology (术语), physical contact and the study of touching are generally referred to as haptics. Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classified into two groups: high-contact and low-contact. Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures. People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness. Despite the classification, there are more complex factors such as relational closeness, gender, age, and context that can affect how someone views physical contact. One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing, but it is mostly restricted to friends, close acquaintances and family members. While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form, it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness. However, gender matters more for them because check-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men. In contrast, in certain Arabian, African, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men’s touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries. These factors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comfortable with tactile (触觉) communication and physical intimacy. Therefore, if you are someone who loves to show physical affection, you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask for consent beforehand!A、Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important.B、It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it offensive.C、Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.D、It might prompt different responses from people of different social backgrounds.

The mother didn’t know who （）for the broken glass.A. blamedB. be blamedC. to blameD. would blame

Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours.Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.In the second part of the study I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.1. What does previous research about social media reveal?A. Most employees think positively of it.B. It improves employees’ work efficiency.C. It enables employees to form connections.D. Employees spend much of their work time on it.2. What did the author’s own research find about social media?A. It influences employees’ work negatively.B. It does much harm to employee loyalty.C. It kills employees’ motivation for work.D. It affects employers’ decision-making.3. What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?A. It differs from employee to employee.B. It tends to vary with the platform used.C. It has much to do with whom employees interact with.

Wild elephants can distinguish between human languages, and they can tell whether a voice comes from a man, woman or boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t. The result shows that while humans are studying elephants, the clever animals are also studying people and drawing on their famed powers of memory, said study author Karen McComb. "Basically they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with," said McComb, a professor of animal behaviour and cognition at the University of Sussex in England. "Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge somehow." The study was released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It’s close but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the empathetic elephant Horton hears something that others can’t hear. McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants in confrontations over grazing for cattle, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants. By about a two-to-one margin, the elephants reacted defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—more to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study co-author Graeme Shannon of Colorado State University. "They are making such a fine-level discrimination using human language skills," Shannon said. "They’re able to acquire quite detailed knowledge. The only way of doing this is with an exceptionally large brain." They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices. "Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable," said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study. 1 What can we know about the ability to distinguish between human languages? A Scientists believe it is unique to humans. B Animals have learnt such ability from humans. C No animal except wild elephants has developed it. D Studies show that wild animals are born with such ability. 2 Which of the following is not true about the study mentioned in the passage? A It shows wild elephants can hear something that others can’t hear. B It was conducted in Amboseli National Park in Kenya. C It involved playing recordings of people for wild elephants. D It was made public in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 3 Who were the people taking part in the study? A Frans de Waal and Karen McComb. B Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. C Dr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon. D Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon. 4 How did the elephants feel of young Maasai boys’ voices? A They are extremely exciting. B They are very depressing. C They are less threatening. D They are gentle and kind. 5 What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability? A Identify and avoid possible danger. B Evolve much faster than any other animals. C Have a better understanding of humans. D Develop their language skills.

4 Fill in the blanks with the words given-|||-below. Change the form where necessary.-|||-Each word can be used only once.-|||-attendant beautify classify-|||-horrify informant notify-|||-pollutant resultant solidify-|||-1 The students will learn to __ rocks-|||-by shape and size.-|||-2 Many flowers and plants are grown to-|||-__ the public areas in the-|||-neighborhood.-|||-3 Sending exchange students can __-|||-the friendship between our country and other-|||-countries.-|||-4 Last week I was __ by the-|||-publisher that my article was accepted and-|||-would be published next month.-|||-5 The chemical factory that produced serious-|||-__ has been shut down by the local-|||-government.-|||-6 We were __ to discover that the-|||-basement of our house was flooded after the-|||-heavy rain.-|||-7 The growing economy and its __-|||-development in other areas have greatly-|||-motivated people to work harder.-|||-8 I enjoyed flying and meeting different-|||-people,so I wanted to become a flight-|||-__-|||-9 Some journalistshave long-term-|||-relationships with their news __-|||-from whom they obtain first-hand-|||-information.

What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm? In the coming era of budget cuts to education, distance learning could become the norm. The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously, resulting in greater savings, thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning. But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster. Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning, interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people. Moreover, schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning. They are now places that provide meals. They are places where students receive counseling and other support. Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to “transform” education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”. The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time. Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path, and about young people going through the process together. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.A、Advances in education technology.B、Shrinking financial resources.C、Shortage of school facilities.D、Lack of qualified teachers.

We have been told that under no circumstances _________ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use

阅读填空 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项-|||-为多余选项。-|||-Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1 But it seems that many-|||-people don`t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but-|||-we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying,storing, and cooking fish isn`t difficult.-|||- 2 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.-|||-. 3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: You should feel that you`re standing at the ocean`s edge.Any-|||-fishy or strong smell means the fish isn`t fresh. 4 When you have bought a fish and arrive home,-|||-you`d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don`t cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be-|||-stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn`t as tasty as the fresh one.-|||-There are many common methods used to cook fish. 5 First,clean it and season it with your-|||-choice of spices (调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if-|||-it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.) Then,it`s ready to serve.-|||-A.Do not buy it.-|||-B.The easiest is to steam it.-|||-C.This is how you can do it.-|||-D. . It just requires a little knowledge.-|||-E.The fish will go bad within hours-|||-F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.-|||-G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

二、Translate the following words or phrases (共10题，共30分)第16/30题 填空题habitually()(本题3分)请填写答案①square

This plan couldn t help, _ again, it probably couldn t hurt A ) rather B ) however C) on the other side D ) but then