Passage Three-|||-Joy:A Sabject Schools Lack-|||-Becoming chicetted should not require giving up pleasure.-|||-A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729,that the people of Ireland eat their children,he insisted it-|||-would solve three problems at once;feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a sever-|||-depression, and stimslate the restaurant busincss Even as a satire (该射),it secms dispasting and-|||-shocking in America with its child centered culture. But actually,the country is closer to his proposal-|||-than you might think.-|||-B)If you spend much time with cducators and policy makers,you`ll hear a lot of the following words:-|||-"tandarlk""roulh,""dilk,"ootme,"accoungutily,"and on.I have visited some of-|||-the newer supposedly "effective"schools,where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or-|||-must stand behind their desk when they can`t sit still.-|||-C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think-|||-about edacation, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child,or what makes childhood-|||-an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.-|||-D)I`m a mother of three,a teacher, and a drelopmestal portholight.I`ve watched a lot ol-|||-children-takling,playing,arpuing, eating, studying and being young.Here`s what I`ve come to-|||-understand. The thing that sets children apart from adalts is not their ignorance, nor their lack of-|||-skills. It`s their normous capacity for joy.Think of a 3 -year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out-|||-what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub,a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting-|||-together strings of aonsensical words with her best friends,or an 11-year-old completcly absorbed in a-|||-fascinating comic strip.A child`s ability to become deeply absorbed in something.and derive intense-|||-pleasure from that absorption,is something a spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.-|||-EA friend told me the following story.One day,when he went to get his 7-year old son from soccer-|||-practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The couch had criticized him for-|||-not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders-|||-hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly-|||-stopped,crouching(嗨伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and-|||-lower, and then,with complete joy he called out,"Dad.Come here.This is the strangest bug I`ve-|||-ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this.It`s amazing."He looked up at his father,his-|||-features overflowing with energy and delight."Can`t we stay here for just m ninute? I want to find out-|||-what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever."-|||-F)The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of-|||-youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualiter,liec perowones-|||-神不懈),obligation,and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense-|||-absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives sccking. Human lives are governed by the-|||-desire to experience joy.Becoming cdacated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding-|||-joy in new kinds of thingsi reading novels instead of playing with small fipures, condacting-|||-experiments instcad of sinking cups in the bathtub,and debating serious issucs rather than stringing-|||-together notsense words,for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more-|||-grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy;making art,making friends,-|||-making decisions.-|||-G) Building on a child`s ability to feel joy,rather than pushing it aside,wouldn`t be that hard. It would-|||-just require a shift in the education world`s minbet(思维)式),Iastead of trying to get children to-|||-work hard,why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaninghul, prodative art like-|||-making things,working with others, exploring ideas,and solving problems? These focuses are not so-|||-different from the things in which they delight.-|||-H)Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish,or think of joy as an unaffordable havy in a nation-|||-where there is awful poverty,low academic achicecent,and high dropout rates,think again. The-|||-more horrible the school circumstances,the more important plcasure is to achieving any cducational-|||-success.-|||-D Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with,often because they are pressured by their-|||-administrators, treat p&a and joy as the enemies of compcterceand reporsingly The assumption-|||-is that children shouldn`chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn-|||-to delay gotification(诀乐)so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.-|||-J)Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense cducationally.Decades of-|||-rescarch have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to-|||-learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her scat,fill out a worksheet,or practice division.But-|||-you can`t force the child to think carefally, cnjoy books,digest complex information,or devclop a-|||-taste for learning.To make that happen,you have to help the child find pleasure in learning to sce-|||-school as a source of joy,-|||-K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine;unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.-|||-Why not instead think of learning as if i were food something so valuable to humans that they have-|||-evolved to esperience it as a pleasure?-|||-L)Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. Th more difficult a child`s-|||-life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom-|||-cos (20)^circ not a dirty word. And it doesn`t run counter to the goals of public education.It is,in-|||-fact,the precondition-|||-36.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if cducators change their way of thinking.-|||-37.What distingusinhes child from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.-|||-38.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruclty.-|||-39.It is human aature to seek joy in life.-|||-40.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.-|||-41.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience-|||-42.Adults do not consider chiltren`s fecli when it comes to education-|||-43.Admistrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.-|||-44.In the so-called "dfective"schools,childre are taught self control under a sct of strict rules.-|||-45.To make learning effective, councators hav to ensure that children want to learn.

In fall 2010, she helped _______ pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care.

Lita CabEllut is one of Spain’s most successful artists, but the woman whose paintings now sell for six figure sums spent her early years living on the street. “My childhood was like that of thousands of street kids around the world.” says Lita. She used to wander the streets and slept in the open air. Lita was born in a village inAragon, north-east Spain, in 1961. While she was a baby, Lita was left with her grandmother—but in reality she spent most of her time out on the streets. “I ran after the walkers. They gave me money to buy packs of cigarettes or sandwiches, and I kept the change.” Looking back, she says. “Art, of course, was there because art is always around us.” But she was occupied with survival then. According to the 2014-2015 annual report, now her vivid portraits can sell for 100,000 or more—actors Hugh Jackman and Halle Berry, as well as chef, Gordon Ramsay, are each reported to own one, such as The Coco numero 4,Alam and Eddy Wenting and about 200 painting, drawings and more. Among the works and masters on exhibition the visitors will find the best pieces, most importantly Eddy Wenting. So what changed the course of Lita’s life so dramatically? Lita’s grandmother died when she was about 10 years old and she ended up in a Barcelona orphanage（孤儿院）before being adopted by “a beautiful Catalan family” two years later. She won’t reveal much about them, except that they introduced her to art. They took her to Madrid’s Prado museum, and introduce 13-year-old Lita to A Pilgrimage to San Isidro, which was painted between 1820 and 1823.“I recognized Goya’s painting the expressions in the eyes of the people that I crossed in the streets when I was little,” she says. “This painting describes the hope, the terrific moments that the human being can have when you lose your security. For me, when I saw this painting for the first time I felt the complicity（关联）of being a witness.” It made such an impression on her that she tried to copy another Goya, one of his sweeter works describing a country boy with a girl and a dog. The result was not spectacular but her adopted family encouraged little Lita to keep painting—they even paid for private tutors to make up for lost time. And for the first time in her life, she also started going to school. “It’s difficult for me at school as I was so far behind It’s hard to start learning to read and write when you are 13,and then there’s the psychological difficulty of being put into a class where classmates are much younger. I had a lot of private classes to learn everything.” She slowly made progress, started to listen to the “voice of art” and decided to study art at Amsterdam’s Academy. The “three big masters” who influenced her the most were Spain’s painter Goya, the sculptor Donatello, and German composer Bach. After graduating for many years, she stayed in theNetherlandsand managed to establish a studio and now she has one in The Hague, but success didn’t come easily. “I did things like giving someone a painting so they would pay my electricity bill and painting a house to get three months’ credit in a supermarket. When you are in a growth period as an artist you have to defend it amazingly because you need time to become a master. If you exchange that time for money, you don’t get that lime back to develop yourself.” At one point, having established a good relationship with an honorable gallery, she derid­ed to start all over again, and didn’t sell anything for two years. “I had painted a shocking series on child but her colleagues said, ‘No, Lita, you can’t do this. People don’t want this. Paint more angels, those angels that sell so well.’ I said ‘No, and I lost my gallery.” Although Lita has held solo exhibitions in London.Dubaiand Seoul, she is little known in her mother land. Two shows in 2017 are aimed at remedying this: a retrospective（回顾展） at Barcelona, and an exhibition at A Coruna’s art museum where her studio will be recreated. As for her birth mother, Cabellut says she has forgiven her for abandoning her. She recalls once visiting her when the painter was a student but found it impossible to tell her how she felt.【小题】(1) What can we know about Lita’s childhood life?A.She was given birth to in the Netherlands.B.She lived an ordinary life with her mother.C.She was adopted by an orphanage in 1973.D.She lost her grandma at the age of twelve.【小题】(2) According to the passage, we know the painting “ A Pilgrimage to San Isidro’’ ________.A.was exhibited in London museumB.was collected by actor Hugh JackmanC.was a best-known painting of DonatelloD.was one works of Spain’s painter Goya【小题】(3) When Lita said “NO” to the gallery, she really ________.A.would hold solo exhibitions in LondonB.didn’t want to paint against her willC.was eager to come back to hometownD.found another gallery to cooperate with【小题】(4) Which of the following best describe Lita according to the passage?A.Conservative and childish.B.Wealthy and beautiful.C.onsiderate and productiveD.Brilliant and prideful.

Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies(加密货币) have been all over the news lately.Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank -or a specific country - is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum(银金矿), objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency-and some people there are even hoarding(贮存) it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna(金枪鱼) you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made.The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned(困住) out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.According to the passage which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.

({B)}7 Health Problems for the Modern Age({/B)} Modern life, with its emphasis on information, automation, computerization, and globalization, has made work easier and given us more leisure options, but we now have a whole host of new health problems. Only time will tell if these modern health problems disappear like 8-track tapes and rotary phones. Until then, here are some of the new maladies we have in store for us.({B)}Computer Vision Syndrome({/B)}If you spend all day staring at a computer screen, you may be at risk for computer vision syndrome (CVS), also called occupational asthenopia(弱视的). CVS encompasses all eye or vision-related problems suffered by people who spend a lot of time on computers. According to the American Optometric Association, symptoms of CVS include headaches; dry, red, or burning eyes; blurred or double vision; trouble focusing; difficulty distinguishing colors; sensitivity to light; end even pain in the neck or back. As many as 75 percent of computer users have symptoms of CVS due to glare, poor lighting, and improper workstation setup. To overcome CVS, keep your monitor about two feet away from you and six inches. below eye level, and be sure it’s directly in front of yon to minimize eye movement. Adjust lighting to, remove any glare or reflections. You can also adjust the brightness on your monitor to ease eyestrain. Even simple steps can help, like looking away from your monitor every 20 or 30 minutes and focusing on something farther away. And you can always use eyedrops to perk up your peepers! ({B)}Earbud-related Hearing Loss({/B)} Earbuds are the headphones used with many digital music players. They fit inside the ear but don’t cancel out background noise, requiring users to turn up the volume, often to 110 to 120 decibels--loud enough to cause hearing loss after only an hour end 15 minutes. And today, people spend much more time listening to their portable players, exposing themselves to damaging noise for longer periods of time. As a result, young people are developing the type of heating loss normally seen in much older adults. Experts recommend turning down the volume and limiting die amount of time spent listening to music players to about an hour a day. Headphones that fit outside the ear canal also help, as can noise-canceling headphones that reduce background noise so listeners don’t have to crank up the volume.({B)}E-thrombosis({/B)} This condition is related to deep vein thrombosis(血栓症), where blood clots form in deep veins, such as those in the legs. These clots can be fatal if they migrate to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. Clots can form when blood supply slows or stops, such as in a period of prolonged immobility. Similarly, e-thrombosis is the development of clots in the deep veins of someone who spends long amounts of time in front of a computer without moving. Although only a handful of e-thrombosis cases have been reported, millions of people who spend most of their time in front of a computer are at risk. Avoiding e-thrombosis is simple: stand up and move around every hour, tap your toes while you work, put equipment end supplies in different parts of your work area so you have to move to get them, don’t cross your legs while sitting at your desk, don’t spend your lunch break at your desk (go for a quick walk instead), and don’t get too comfortable --if your workspace is ultra-cozy, you won’t want to get up.({B)}Generalized Anxiety Disorder({/B)} We all have worries, uncertainties, and fears, but generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is excessive or unrealistic unease or concern about life’s problems. Although the disorder often manifests without any specific cause, large issues of modern life (such as terrorism, the economy, and crime) can bring it about, as can individual circumstances like dealing with an illness. GAD affects about 6.8 million people in the United States, and symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, impatience, difficulty concentrating, headaches, upset stomach, and shortness of breath. Anxiety disorders like GAD are treated with antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, psychotherapy, or a combination of these.({B)}Orthorexia Nervosa({/B)} It seems like every day there’s a new report about something you shouldn’t eat. The constant bombardment of information about food end health can confuse anyone, but for people who have the eating disorder orthorexia nervusa, it can be downright dangerous. People with this condition are, obsessed with eating healthful food and have constructed strict diets that they follow religiously. Although many people who have orthorexia nervosa become underweight, thinness is not their goal--nutritional purity is. Among the signs of orth0rexia nervosa are spending more than three hours a day thinking about healthful food; planning meals days in advance; feeling virtuous from following a strict healthful diet, but not enjoying eating; feeling socially isolated (such strict diets make it bard to eat anywhere but at home); and feeling highly, critical of those who do not follow a similar diet. Although the psychiatric community does not officially recognize orthorexia nervosa as a disorder, those with the condition benefit from psychological treatment and sessions with eating-disorder specialists.({B)}Sick Building Syndrome({/B)} Rising energy costs aren’t just harmful to your wallet; if you work in an office building, they could be making you physically ill. Businesses have found that by packing buildings with insulation then adding caulking and weather stripping,. they can seal buildings tight, keep indoor temperatures constant, and cut energy costs in the process. Such measures require the healing, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to work harder to recycle air. After all, when the building is sealed, you can’t open a window to let fresh air circulate. The result is sick building syndrome, which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies as a situation where building occupants experience discomforting health effects even though no specific cause can be found. Symptoms include headache; eye, nose, or throat irritation; dry cough; dry or itchy skin; dizziness; nausea; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors. The EPA estimates that 30 percent of all U.S. office buildings could be "sick," so they recommend routine maintenance of HVAC systems, including cleaning or replacing filters; replacing water-stained ceiling tiles and carpeting; restricting smoking in and around buildings; and ventilating areas where paints, adhesives, or solvents are used.({B)}Social Anxiety Disorder({/B)} Despite all the ways to interact with others in our technologically savvy world, those with social anxiety disorder feel boxed in by the shrinking globe. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), people with social anxiety disorder have an "intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and of doing things that will embarrass them," and that fear can be so intense that it interferes with work, school, and other ordinary activities end can make it hard to make and keep friends. But the condition has physical manifestations, too, including trembling, upset stomach, heart palpitations, confusion, and diarrhea. The cause hasn’t been nailed down, but social anxiety disorder is probably due to a combination of environmental and hereditary factors. About 15 million people in the United States are affected by social anxiety disorder, winch .usually begins during childhood. Like other anxiety disorders, treatment often involves medication and psychotherapy.Why the constant bombardment of information about food is bad for people who have the eating disorder orthorexia nervosa A．Because they will follow the information seriously.B．Because they will aim to become thinner.C．Because they won’t make suitable plans.D．Because they won’t enjoy eating.

W: Darling, let's check out the reviews of this movie online. If it's good we should watch it. M: I think we should. To watch a silent movie is certainly not something common in modern days. The actors must have superb skills to attract the audience if they do not say anything. Q: What is special about the movie? A. It can only be watched online.B. The actors have good speaking skills.C. The actors remain silent throughout it.D. It has superb sound quality.

Passage One Ever since you were brought into this world, when you couldn’t open your mouth till the first two years on planet earth, inner voice is the one through which you interpreted and understood things. Inner voice is the voice mouth of the (潜意识的) mind. The subconscious mind is always acting as a secondary reflector of thoughts and ideas in the body. It justifies what is right and what is wrong. When we go against what the inner voice says, we get a guilty conscience and are bothered by it throughout our lives. At times when we are feeling low or at those precious moments when we are let down, we seem to need some kind of emotional or mental support. We usually speak to our closest friend or our dearest family member during times of distress to ease the burden. At such times we get over the initial pain of emotional anxiety because of the encouragement by listeners who share the same feelings. We suddenly feel refreshed because our inner voice alerts us to get on with things and leave the things of past on the memory books of our brain. The inner voice is always right most of the times because it knows us better than others and probably even ourselves. It is the devil child of the (直觉) which we have been having since childhood. It’s good to go by intuitions most of the times because it’s the response provided due to the cooperation of our mental and physical being. Whenever you are trying your first cigarette, or whenever you are asked to take sides in an argument, you are always in a sense of dilemma. During these times your inner voice automatically gives its judgment, which when overwritten, might leave us unhappy in the future. It’s up to us to either ignore the source of encouragement inside us or go out to the world and search for spiritual teachers and happiness, when all these things are very much present within us.What does the author imply in the last paragraph A. We need to go outside to search for a spiritual teacher’s guide.B. We have to be brave enough to look for our own happiness.C. We can be very unhappy in the future if we make wrong judgments.D. We should be self-confident and listen to our inner voice.

Passage 3 If you listen to American music, watch American television or magazines, you will probably agree that the most popular subject of these forms of entertainment is love. Romantic love always finds an audience in the United States. Falling in love, solving the problems of love, and achieving the happy ending―the big wedding are subjects of interest to both the adult and the teenage public. Millions of Americans celebrate Valentine’s Day with special cards and gifts that announce their love to their mates, their friends, and their families. Popular songs tell us that “all the world loves a lover “A popular saying is “Love conquers all”. Numerous columns in magazines and newspapers offer advice to lovelorn, those with difficulties of heart. To most Americans, romantic love is central to a happy life. Not only do Americans believe in romantic love but they also believe that it is the best basis for making a happy marriage. Despite the high divorce rate in the United States, young men and women continue to marry on the basis of romantic love. Americans consider marriage a private arrangement between the two people involved. Young Americans feel free to choose their own marriage partners from any social, economic, or religious background. The man or woman may have strong ties with parents, brothers, or sisters, but when he or she falls in love, the strongest feelings are supposed to be for the loved one. When an American couple marries, they generally plan to live apart from both sets of parents and build their own independent family structure.What is the most popular subject of all forms of entertainment A．Marriage B．Love C．Families D．Friendship

Five-year-old Elia arrived at school with a big box of colored pencils. Her friend, Anna, offered to exchange her set of markers for the brand-new pencils. Elia agreed, but soon discovered that the markers were dried up. "Thatˈs not fair!" cried Elia to her teacher. “I want my new pencils back.” After some tears and negotiation, the teacher helped the girls set things right by returning the items to their original owners. Later that day, at story time, the teacher shared the picture book classic A Bargain for Frances. Though the conflict in the story is just over a broken tea set, the message about fair play was not lost on the children. The book was helpful in exploring a small, yet significant, life lesson. Stories are vital to the way we process and experience life events and the feelings that surround us. The ability to create, share, and respond to stories is one of the vital characteristics of being human. In fact, the human brain is programmed to see patterns and become fascinated in the plot development of stories, finally storing them in long-term memory. As a result, the brain is a remarkably effective processor of stories, both real and fictional. High-quality picture books are a good blend of art and literature that attracts kidsˈ imagination and communicates an idea in an effective way. These books me perfect teaching tools, as they deal with the powerful emotions that kids feel, model effective coping strategies, and present complex concepts in appropriate ways. In addition, according to brain research, the picture book combines words with what leaves the most permanent impression: images. The pictures in books are different from the images kids see on television in that they remain on the page, ready to be revisited, touched, and commented upon. Whether we share stories about families, historical events, or emotions, stories are a way to sum up lifeˈs memorable moments and lasting lessons. We can control the power of literature and use it to develop positive character in young kids by reading often, choosing suitable books, and enjoying stories together.【小题】(1) Elia cried “Thatˈ s not fair!" as she thought that she was __________.A.cheated by her friendB.defeated by her friendC.ignored by her teacherD.scolded by her teacher【小题】(2) A Bargain for Frances is intended to teach kids how to __________.A.Play fair in anize thingsC.win in conflictsD.write a message【小题】(3) According to the text, stories can help kids ___________.A.realize their potentialB.improve their memoryC.concentrate on readingD.understand the human world【小题】(4) In comparison with pictures in books, television images_________.A.are frequently commented onB.stay temporarily with childrenC.blend art and literature municate ideas effectively