阅读理解 Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we“fit”in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consisits of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly. A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hinduprince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Further more, our choice is limits to a size that will fit, as well as by out pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 1.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________. [ ] A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B.behave appropriately in relation to other people C.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations D.make friends with other people 2.According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________. [ ] A.in order to identify themselves with others B.in order to better identify others C.as their mental processes change D.as the situation changes 3.The word“appraisal”(Para. 2, Line 7) most probably means“ ________ ”. [ ] A.involvement B.appreciation C.assessment D.presentation 4.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun“it”refers to“ ________ ”. [ ] A.fitting our actions to shose of other people appropriately B.identification of other people’s statuses C.selecting one’s own statuses D.constant mental process 5.By saying that“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”(Para. 3, Lines 2-3), the writer means ________. [ ] A.different people have different styles of clothes B.ready-made clothes may need alterations C.statuses come ready made just like clothes D.our choice of statuses is limited
阅读理解
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we“fit”in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consisits of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hinduprince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Further more, our choice is limits to a size that will fit, as well as by out pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
1.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________.
[ ]
A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
B.behave appropriately in relation to other people
C.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D.make friends with other people
2.According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________.
[ ]
A.in order to identify themselves with others
B.in order to better identify others
C.as their mental processes change
D.as the situation changes
3.The word“appraisal”(Para. 2, Line 7) most probably means“ ________ ”.
[ ]
4.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun“it”refers to“ ________ ”.
[ ]
A.fitting our actions to shose of other people appropriately
B.identification of other people’s statuses
C.selecting one’s own statuses
D.constant mental process
5.By saying that“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”(Para. 3, Lines 2-3), the writer means ________.
[ ]
A.different people have different styles of clothes
B.ready-made clothes may need alterations
C.statuses come ready made just like clothes
D.our choice of statuses is limited
题目解答
答案
解析
考查要点:本题主要考查学生对文章主旨的理解、细节信息的捕捉以及词汇在上下文中的含义的判断能力。
解题思路:
- 整体把握文章结构:文章围绕“status(地位)”展开,讨论其在社交中的作用、动态变化特点及选择限制。
- 关键概念定位:明确“status”的定义(帮助人与人互动、确定社会位置),理解比喻句(将status比作成衣)的含义。
- 逻辑关系分析:通过上下文推断词义(如“appraisal”)、代词指代(如“it”)及隐含观点(如“选择受限”)。
第1题
问题:第一段中,作者认为status能帮助我们做什么?
解析:第一段首句指出status帮助我们“与他人互动”并“确定社会位置”。后文举例说明通过判断他人身份调整自身行为(如图书馆读者与管理员的区别)。核心是“行为得体”,对应选项B。
第2题
问题:人们为何会改变status?
解析:第二段首句强调“status随情境和交往对象变化”。例如,不同场合需切换不同身份(如朋友与同事)。关键点是“情境变化”,对应选项D。
第3题
问题:词义判断“appraisal”
解析:上下文为“根据不断的心理过程评估和解释”,“appraisal”意为“评估”。选项C(assessment)最接近。
第4题
问题:代词“it”指代什么?
解析:前文“我们能将行为与他人配合”是关键动作,后文“it”即指此动作。对应选项A(行为配合)。
第5题
问题:比喻句的隐含含义
解析:将status比作成衣,强调“选择范围有限”(如美国人不能选异国服装)。核心是“status选择受限”,对应选项D。