题目
The philosopher,Martin Buber,is most known for his work on "I-Thou/You" relationships in which people are open,direct,mutually interested in each other.In contrast,"I-It" relationships are those in which we use the other,like an object,to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become "It" relationships because most of what we feel,think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment.Thus,one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked.When we were small and helpless,"It" came and-fed us,and held us,and set us on our way.We didn't have to reciprocate and care for "It".Even when the care and attention of "it" was minimal or unpredictable,if we got out of childhood alive,somewhere along the way "it" was involved. When we are very young,other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs.Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism",which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.While most of us grow out of it,we still hold a survival fear,which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive,and we all need this fear in healthy measure. The problem is that too many of us,too much of the time,are in a constant state of threat--and we often don't know it.We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs,that we have cancer,that we are inadequate,and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck.As our brains have grown in size and complexity,so has our ability to scare ourselves. This causes many problems.For example,our stress levels increase,our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted.Our threat response stops any bodily function,feeling,thought and behavior that might "waste" energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger.Thus,when in threat,our emotional,cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced. And in this reduced state,one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us.Instead of enabling us to be open,direct and mutual,fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving--not thriving.Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,and self-interest. We cannot form the "I-Thou" relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice,comfort,and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.When in threat,we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us,or who we can blame for our problems.(1)When a person reciprocates,he tends to ______ .A.ask for some advice.B.return the favour.C.convey an apology.D.make some comments.(2)What can we learn about "primary narcissism"? ______A.It leads to our fear.B.It impacts our growth negatively.C.It is normal and usually temporary.D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.(3)Which of the following could be an example of "it" relationships'? ______A.Comforting an upset friend.B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.C.Asking others to take on your task.D.Trying hard to be independent.(4)What would be the best title for this passage'? ______A.How We Can Form the "I-Thou" RelationshipsB.How We Can Get Out of the "I-It" RelationshipsC.What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of LifeD.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
The philosopher,Martin Buber,is most known for his work on "I-Thou/You" relationships in which people are open,direct,mutually interested in each other.In contrast,"I-It" relationships are those in which we use the other,like an object,to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become "It" relationships because most of what we feel,think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment.Thus,one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked.When we were small and helpless,"It" came and-fed us,and held us,and set us on our way.We didn't have to reciprocate and care for "It".Even when the care and attention of "it" was minimal or unpredictable,if we got out of childhood alive,somewhere along the way "it" was involved.
When we are very young,other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs.Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism",which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.While most of us grow out of it,we still hold a survival fear,which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive,and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us,too much of the time,are in a constant state of threat--and we often don't know it.We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs,that we have cancer,that we are inadequate,and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck.As our brains have grown in size and complexity,so has our ability to scare ourselves.
This causes many problems.For example,our stress levels increase,our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted.Our threat response stops any bodily function,feeling,thought and behavior that might "waste" energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger.Thus,when in threat,our emotional,cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state,one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us.Instead of enabling us to be open,direct and mutual,fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving--not thriving.Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,and self-interest.
We cannot form the "I-Thou" relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice,comfort,and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.When in threat,we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us,or who we can blame for our problems.
(1)When a person reciprocates,he tends to ______ .
A.ask for some advice.
B.return the favour.
C.convey an apology.
D.make some comments.
(2)What can we learn about "primary narcissism"? ______
A.It leads to our fear.
B.It impacts our growth negatively.
C.It is normal and usually temporary.
D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.
(3)Which of the following could be an example of "it" relationships'? ______
A.Comforting an upset friend.
B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.
C.Asking others to take on your task.
D.Trying hard to be independent.
(4)What would be the best title for this passage'? ______
A.How We Can Form the "I-Thou" Relationships
B.How We Can Get Out of the "I-It" Relationships
C.What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life
D.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become "It" relationships because most of what we feel,think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment.Thus,one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked.When we were small and helpless,"It" came and-fed us,and held us,and set us on our way.We didn't have to reciprocate and care for "It".Even when the care and attention of "it" was minimal or unpredictable,if we got out of childhood alive,somewhere along the way "it" was involved.
When we are very young,other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs.Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism",which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.While most of us grow out of it,we still hold a survival fear,which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive,and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us,too much of the time,are in a constant state of threat--and we often don't know it.We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs,that we have cancer,that we are inadequate,and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck.As our brains have grown in size and complexity,so has our ability to scare ourselves.
This causes many problems.For example,our stress levels increase,our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted.Our threat response stops any bodily function,feeling,thought and behavior that might "waste" energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger.Thus,when in threat,our emotional,cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state,one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us.Instead of enabling us to be open,direct and mutual,fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving--not thriving.Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,and self-interest.
We cannot form the "I-Thou" relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice,comfort,and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.When in threat,we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us,or who we can blame for our problems.
(1)When a person reciprocates,he tends to ______ .
A.ask for some advice.
B.return the favour.
C.convey an apology.
D.make some comments.
(2)What can we learn about "primary narcissism"? ______
A.It leads to our fear.
B.It impacts our growth negatively.
C.It is normal and usually temporary.
D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.
(3)Which of the following could be an example of "it" relationships'? ______
A.Comforting an upset friend.
B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.
C.Asking others to take on your task.
D.Trying hard to be independent.
(4)What would be the best title for this passage'? ______
A.How We Can Form the "I-Thou" Relationships
B.How We Can Get Out of the "I-It" Relationships
C.What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life
D.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
题目解答
答案
【答案】
(1)B.推理判断题。根据文章第二段划线句前句"When we were small and helpless， "It" came and fed us，and held us，and set us on our way."(当我们弱小无助的时候，"它" 会给我们帮助。)再根据划线词后的"and care for"可知划线词与care for意思相近，即：对"它"不需要回报和关心。A.ask for some advice.寻求建议；B.return the favour.报恩；C.convey an apology.表达歉意；D.make some comments.做出评论。故选B。(2)C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句"Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism"，which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.(弗洛伊德称之为生命早期阶段的"原始自恋" ，这是我们的本能自我保护是我们发展的正常的一部分。) "可知，这是一个早期会出现的阶段，也是我们自我保护的本能，是我们发展的一个正常部分，通常是暂时的，故选C。
(3)C.代词指代题。根据文章第三段"When we are very young，other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs.(当我们很小的时候，其他人总是我们用来满足我们需求的人。)"介绍的"我与它"关系可知，这是一种利用对方以达到目的的关系。A.Comforting an upset friend.安慰一个沮丧的朋友；B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.对你的错误感到抱歉；C.Asking others to take on your task.让别人来承担你的任务；D.Trying hard to be independent.努力去变得独立。故选C。
(4)D.标题判断题。通读文章可知，文章主要介绍了"我与它"关系，并且阐述目前生活中这种关系是很常见的，分析了这种关系产生的原因。文章最后一段对于全文进行了总结，"When in threat，we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us，or who we can blame for our problems.(当我们受到威胁时，我们倾向于把别人当作可以拯救和保护我们的东西，或者把我们的问题归吝于他们。)"所以D.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals(为什么我们把别人当作物体而不是个人)最能概括文意。故选D。