The best paying jobs in the United States often require successful completion of a study program at a college or university. But a new study suggests there are also millions of good jobs for people with only a high school education. Its findings were based on US government information. Financial company J. P. Morgan Chase provided money for the research.The study identified three general paths leading to a good job: a high school education, middle skills, and bachelor’s degree from a college or university. The high school path is meant for workers with a high school education. The middle-skills group included workers with more than a high school diploma, but less than a bachelor’s degree. Included in this group were people who earned an associate degree or attended classes or training in college, but did not have such a degree.The study noted that after World War II, US workers with a high school diploma or less were able to get well-paid, middle-class jobs. It said that is because there were a large number of jobs in manufacturing and other industries requiring physical labor. Most of these jobs were filled by workers with only a high school education. But over the years, manufacturing kept moving toward greater use of machines. In addition, the US and world economies went through major changes. These developments created a need for a more educated and skilled workforce.The study said that in the manufacturing-based economy of the past, about two-thirds of entry-level jobs required a high school diploma or less. Today, two-thirds of jobs require at least some education or training in addition to high school.The researchers estimated that in 1991, 15 million good jobs existed for those with a high school diploma. About 12 million good middle-skills jobs were available, while 18 million existed for people with a bachelor’s degree. By 2016, the study found the high school path led to only 13 million good jobs. Those 13 million jobs were responsible for only about 20 percent of all good jobs. The middle-skills group grew to 16 million, while the path for bachelor’s degree holders doubled to 36 million good jobs.1. What do we learn from the new findings of the research funded by J. P. Morgan Chase?A) The best paying jobs require successful completion of a bachelor degree.B) Millions of good jobs for people need only a high school education. C) Good Jobs need more than a high school diploma, but less than a bachelor’s degree.D) The higher the degree you get, the better the jobs you can have.2. According to the study, how can American people find a good job?A) They must have a bachelor’s degree.B) They need to be with a high school education or more. C) They must be equipped with excellent skills.D) They need to be highly educated and highly skilled workforce.3. Why were workers with a high school diploma able to get good jobs after WWII?A) Because they were skilled workers.B) Because a large number manufacturing industries required physical labor. C) Because there was much demand for medical care service.D) Because all the jobs didn’t require high education.4. The development of manufacturing-based economy shows ________.A) a tendency toward less use of machinesB) a need for more education or training after high school C) about two-thirds of entry-level jobs required a high school diploma or lessD) a large number of jobs in manufacturing industries requires physical labor5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) World economies went through major changes.B) Good jobs are filled by skilled workers.C) Good jobs required little education or training.D) Good jobs are more and more related to more education and training.
题目解答
答案
解析
整体考察内容
本文围绕美国职场与教育程度的关系展开,介绍了一项关于不同教育背景对应“好工作”数量变化的研究,重点考察对细节信息的理解和推理能力。
题目1解析
问题:摩根大通资助的研究新发现是什么?
关键信息:文章第2句明确指出“But a new study suggests there are also millions of good jobs for people with only a high school education.”(新研究表明,仅拥有高中学历的人也有数百万个好工作)。
选项分析:
- A:“高薪工作需要本科学位”与原文“best paying jobs often require...”(通常需要)矛盾,且非新发现;
- B:完全符合原文新发现;
- C:“好工作需要高中以上但本科以下”是“中等技能”群体的定义,非新发现的核心;
- D:“学位越高工作越好”未被研究直接支持,属于过度推断。
答案:B
问题2解析
问题:根据研究,美国人如何找到好工作?
关键信息:研究指出三条路径:高中教育、中等技能(高中以上但本科以下)、本科学位。即好工作需要“高中及以上教育”。
选项分析:
- A:“必须有本科学位”与“高中路径”“中等技能路径”矛盾;
- B:“高中或更高教育”涵盖所有三条路径,符合文意;
- C:“优秀技能”仅针对中等技能群体,不全面;
- D:“高教育和高技能”仅对应本科及以上,未涵盖高中路径。
答案:B
问题3解析
问题:二战后高中学历者能找到好工作的原因?
关键信息:文章第7句“It said that is because there were a large number of jobs in manufacturing and other industries requiring physical labor.”(因为制造业和其他行业有大量需要体力劳动的工作)。
选项分析:
- A:“技术工人”未被提及,原文强调“体力劳动”而非技能;
- B:完全符合原文原因;
- C:“医疗服务需求”无依据;
- D:“所有工作不需要高教育”表述绝对,且非直接原因。
答案:B
问题4解析
问题:制造业经济的发展表明什么?
关键信息:文章第10-11句“Today, two-thirds of jobs require at least some education or training in addition to high school.”(如今,三分之二的工作需要高中以上的教育或培训),说明发展趋势是“需要更多高中后教育”。
选项分析:
- A:“减少机器使用”与“manufacturing kept moving toward greater use of machines”(制造业增加机器使用)矛盾;
- B:符合文意;
- C:“过去三分之二入门级工作只需高中及以下”是过去的情况,非发展表明的趋势;
- D:“大量制造业工作需要体力劳动”是二战后的情况,非发展结果。
答案:B
问题5解析
问题:从文章可推断出什么?
关键信息:研究数据显示,1991年高中学历好工作1500万,2016年降至1300万(占比20%);本科学历好工作从1800万翻倍至3600万;中等技能岗位也增长。说明“好工作越来越依赖更高教育和培训”。
选项分析:
- A:“世界经济变化”是背景,非推断出的结论;
- B:“好工作由技术工人填补”未明确,中等技能含培训但非全部;
- C:“好工作需要很少教育”与数据趋势相反;
- D:符合数据体现的“教育/培训要求提升”趋势。
答案:D