题目

({B)}TEXT B({/B)} A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly serf-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.The following statements are true about the folk culture EXCEPT ______. A．there is a well established family or clan structureB．relationships between people are strongC．tradition is dominant and changes are slow and do not often take placeD．division of labour among the people is usually distinct, especially between sexes

{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}} A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly serf-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.The following statements are true about the folk culture EXCEPT ______. A．there is a well established family or clan structureB．relationships between people are strongC．tradition is dominant and changes are slow and do not often take placeD．division of labour among the people is usually distinct, especially between sexes

题目解答

答案

D

解析

本题考查对folk culture特征的理解，需结合原文信息排除错误选项。关键点在于：

  1. folk culture的定义：小规模、孤立、保守、自给自足，强调传统、家庭结构和人际关系。
  2. 劳动分工的描述：原文指出folk culture中劳动分工不明显，每个人需完成多种任务，尽管男女职责可能不同，但分工并非“distinct”（明显）。
  3. 错误选项需与原文直接矛盾。

选项分析

A．there is a well established family or clan structure

原文明确提到folk culture有strong family or clan structure，符合描述，排除。

B．relationships between people are strong

原文指出interpersonal relationships are strong，符合描述，排除。

C．tradition is dominant and changes are slow and do not often take place

原文强调tradition is paramount，change comes infrequently and slowly，符合描述，排除。

D．division of labour among the people is usually distinct, especially between sexes

原文说明folk culture中there is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties，即分工不明显，尽管男女职责有差异，但分工并非“distinct”（明显）。选项D与原文矛盾，为正确答案。