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单选题(共10题,100.0分) 8. (10.0分) In poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides, the use of pralidoxime is most effective when administered in which phase of toxicity? A. During the prodromal phase before symptoms appear B. Early after poisoning, before the enzyme becomes aged C. During the recovery phase D. When atropine has failed to control symptoms

单选题(共10题,100.0分) 8. (10.0分) In poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides, the use of pralidoxime is most effective when administered in which phase of toxicity?
A. During the prodromal phase before symptoms appear
B. Early after poisoning, before the enzyme becomes aged
C. During the recovery phase
D. When atropine has failed to control symptoms

题目解答

答案

### 问题解析 **背景信息:** 有机磷杀虫剂中毒是一种常见的急性中毒,其主要机制是抑制体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),导致乙酰胆碱在体内积聚,引起一系列中毒症状。解毒剂主要包括阿托品和氯解磷定(Pralidoxime)。 **氯解磷定的作用机制:** 氯解磷定是一种胆碱酯酶复活剂,它可以通过与被有机磷化合物抑制的乙酰胆碱酯酶结合,恢复其活性。然而,这种作用有一个时间窗口,即在酶被“老化”(aged)之前。一旦酶被老化,氯解磷定就无法再恢复其活性。 **选项分析:** - **A. 在前驱期症状出现之前** - 这个选项不准确,因为前驱期症状出现之前,中毒可能还没有发生,或者酶还没有被抑制,此时使用氯解磷定的意义不大。 - **B. 中毒后早期,酶未老化之前** - 这个选项是正确的。氯解磷定在酶未老化之前使用效果最佳,因为此时酶还可以被复活。 - **C. 在恢复期** - 这个选项不正确,因为恢复期通常意味着酶已经恢复或被替代,此时使用氯解磷定已经没有意义。 - **D. 当阿托品无法控制症状时** - 这个选项不完全正确。阿托品主要用于对抗乙酰胆碱的毒蕈碱样症状,而氯解磷定主要用于恢复酶的活性。两者的作用机制不同,不能简单地替代使用。 ### 答案 **B. 中毒后早期,酶未老化之前** ### 解析总结 氯解磷定在有机磷杀虫剂中毒中的最佳使用时机是在中毒后早期,即在酶未老化之前。此时使用氯解磷定可以有效恢复被抑制的乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,从而减轻中毒症状。

解析

本题考查有机磷杀虫剂中毒的解毒药物氯解磷定的最佳使用时机。解题核心在于理解氯解磷定作为胆碱酯酶复活剂的作用机制,即它必须在乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)被有机磷化合物抑制但尚未“老化”之前使用,才能有效恢复酶活性。破题关键是明确“酶未老化”的时间窗口,排除其他干扰选项。

选项分析

A. During the prodromal phase before symptoms appear(前驱期症状出现前)

  • 错误。前驱期可能尚未出现明显中毒症状,但此时酶可能已被抑制。氯解磷定的作用是复活被抑制的酶,而非预防中毒,因此此阶段使用意义有限。

B. Early after poisoning, before the enzyme becomes aged(中毒后早期,酶未老化前)

  • 正确。氯解磷定通过与被抑制的乙酰胆碱酯酶结合,恢复其活性。但若酶已“老化”(与有机磷结合过于牢固),则无法复活。因此必须在中毒后尽早使用,抓住酶未老化的黄金时间。

C. During the recovery phase(恢复期)

  • 错误。恢复期通常表示酶已部分或完全恢复活性,或通过新合成的酶代偿,此时使用氯解磷定已无效果。

D. When atropine has failed to control symptoms(阿托品无效时)

  • 错误。阿托品主要拮抗乙酰胆碱的毒蕈碱样作用,而氯解磷定针对酶活性的恢复。两者机制不同,不能互相替代。若阿托品无效,需结合其他解毒措施,而非单纯依赖氯解磷定。

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