题目

Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Passage OneAll parents need to motivate (激励) their kids. Whether it’s getting smaller children to eat their dinner or getting a sixth-grader to do homework, getting kids to apply energy to a situation can be a challenge. The traditional way has all-too-often been to shout, threaten, and scold children into action.But while that approach has some obvious shortcomings, it turns out the opposite way can be harmful, too, according to experts. Some parents simply reward their children too much, which can reinforce (强化) a whole range of negative personalities (性格) and lead to some problematic behaviors.Children are master observers. And if you continually reward children for doing things, pretty soon they can develop the opinion that they should only do things if there’s a reward or payment involved.When parents too often reward children for various behaviors, it removes opportunities for children to judge for themselves what’s important and necessary – they always have an expert in the form of their parents to tell them what should matter to them. This can hurt their confidence in their own observations.When children are rewarded too much, they are likely to focus on external (外在的) rewards instead of internal ones – the “What’s in it for me?” attitude. And while this may prove to be a practical way to get your children to clean up the mess they made in the living room, it’s not always so handy as it grows into adulthood. At that point, this viewpoint can become a great trouble.By offering a reward anytime a task needs to be done, parents send a message to their kids that the task is unpleasant. But that may not necessarily be the case. Many tasks can be fun for children because kids have endless desire for new experiences and learning. Reward-giving often prevents this natural desire, by taking away their attention with external reinforcement.(1) (单选题)What does the author say about the two ways used by parents to get kids do things well?A.The traditional way is not good at all.B.The traditional way works better on smaller children.C.Giving frequent rewards is better than the traditional way.D.Giving frequent rewards may make children form some bad habits.(2) (单选题)According to the passage, what can be the result of motivating kids with rewards？A.Kids will learn it is rewarding to do things well.B.Kids will learn to always turn to experts for advice.C.Kids will lose their focus on more important matters.D.Kids will lose their ability to make their own judgment.(3) (单选题)What does “What’s in it for me?” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A.What good things can I do for others?B.What expectations do you have for me?C.What reward can I get from doing this task?D.What things can I learn from doing this task?(4) (单选题)According to the author, what message can be sent if parents offer rewards to their children for every task to be done?A.The task must be unpleasant.B.The task must be challenging.C.The task can give me new experiences.D.The task can help me to learn something.(5) (单选题)Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.What Can Kids Learn from Their Parents?B.Can It Bad to Reward Children for Being Good?C.Advantages and Disadvantages of Rewarding Children.D.Traditional Ways and New Ways of Motivating Children

题目解答

答案

1、D2、D3、C4、A5、B

解析

Passage One 解读及题目解析

文章核心内容分析**

本文围绕父母激励孩子的两种方式展开：传统的“吼叫、威胁威胁、责骂”和过度奖励，重点批判过度奖励的危害，强调其可能导致孩子形成“仅为奖励做事”的负面人格和行为问题。

题目详解

1. 题：两种方式的评价

题目：作者如何评价父母让孩子做好事情的两种方式？
选项分析：

A. 传统方式一点都不好（文章仅说传统方式有“明显缺点”，未否定一切，排除）；
B. 传统方式对更小的孩子更有效（文中未比较两种方式对不同年龄的效果，无依据，排除）；
C. 频繁奖励比传统方式更好（文章明确反对过度奖励，排除）；
D. 频繁奖励可能让孩子形成坏习惯（对应第二段“Some parentsparentsparents parents simply reward their children too much... lead to some problematic behaviors”及第三段“develop the opinion that they should do things if there’s a reward”，直接点题，正确）。

2 题：奖励激励的结果

题目：根据文章，用奖励激励孩子的结果是什么？
选项分析：
A. 孩子会学会做好事有回报（这是奖励的表面作用，但文章文章强调的重点是负面影响，排除）；
B. 孩子会总是向专家求助（文中“opportunities for children to judge for themselves... parents to tell them what should matter”指父母代替孩子判断，非“向专家求助”，排除）；
C. 孩子会失去对更重要事情的关注（未提及“更重要的事情””，无依据，排除）；
D. 孩子会失去自我判断的能力（对应第四段“removes opportunities for children to judge for themselves what’s important and necessary”，直接匹配，正确）。

3 题：“What’s in it for me?”的含义

题目：第四段的“What’s in it for me?”最可能是什么意思？
选项分析：
前文指出“focus on external rewards instead of internal ones”（关注外部奖励而非内部动力），该句是对应用户户的外部奖励导向，即“做这件事我能得到什么奖励？”，直接对应C选项，其他选项均与“外部奖励无关，排除。

4题：父母对每项任务都给奖励传递的信息

题目：根据作者，父母对每项任务都给奖励会传递什么信息？
选项分析：
对应第六段“parents send a message to their kids that the task is unpleasant”，直接匹配A选项，其他选项均与文章相反（文章说奖励会掩盖任务本身的乐趣，排除C、D；B未提及）。

5题：最佳标题

题目：文章最佳标题是？
选项分析：
A. 孩子能从父母那学到什么？（偏离核心，排除）；
B. 奖励做好事的孩子会有害吗？（文章核心是讨论过度奖励的危害，“Can it be bad?”符合文章批判性立场，正确）；
C. 奖励孩子的优缺点（文章仅提到缺点，未提优点，排除）；
D. 传统与新激励方式（文章重点非比较两种方式，而是批判过度奖励，排除）。