Sociologists (社会学家) have developed elaborate theories of who spreads small talks and news—who tells whom, who matters most in social networks—but they've had less success measuring what kind of information travels fastest. Do people prefer to spread good news or bad news? Would we rather shock the readers with improper behavior or enlighten them? Which stories do social creatures want to share, and why? Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that people preferred e-mailing articles with positive rather than negative themes, and they liked to send long articles on intellectually challenging topics. Perhaps most of all, readers wanted to share articles that inspired astonishment, an emotion that the researchers investigated after noticing how many science articles made the list. In general, they found, 20 percent of articles that appeared on the Times home page made the list, but the rate rose to 30 percent for science articles. "Science kept doing better than we expected," said Dr. Berger, a social psychologist (心理学家) and a professor of marketing at Penn's Wharton School. "We anticipated that people would share articles with practical information about health, and they did, but they also sent articles about earth science. You'd see articles shooting up the list that were about the physics of light of deer vision." The motivation for mailing these astonishment-inspiring articles is not as immediately obvious as with other kinds of articles, Dr. Berger said. Sharing cooking skills or financial tips or medical advice makes sense according to classic economic utility theory: I give you something of practical value in the hope that you'll someday return the favor. There can also be self-interested reasons for sharing surprising articles: I get to show off how well informed I am by sending news that will shock you. But in general, people who share this kind of article seem to have greater motives than trying to impress their friends. They're seeking emotional communication, Dr. Berger said. "If I've just read this story that changes the way I understand the world and myself, I want to talk to others about what it means. If you read the article and feel the same emotion, it will bring us closer together."1. What is the present situation of sociologists' study on news travel in people's life?A) They have just worked out a perfect theory of who enjoys sharing news with others.B) They expect to find out what kind of news is the most popular in social network. C) They have failed to discover the type of news which spreads faster than others.D) Their theory about people who are likely to receive news needs to be developed.2. What did researchers at the University of Pennsylvania find about people's preference of news?A) Articles with sophisticated knowledge were more widely read by people.B) Information of common sense was the most popular type of news among people.C) Articles with interesting subjects were more frequently sent by people to their friends.D) Messages leading to surprise were the most widely spread in people's life. 3. What was the result of investigation on types of articles sent by readers?A) News from the Times took a minor part.B) Practical information held a great share.C) General science was the most popular.D) Physical science was more often shared. 4. According to Dr. Berger, why did people love to share astonishment-inspiring articles?A) They wanted to become emotionally closer by this means. B) They intended to learn from each other by doing so.C) They loved to show off their special tastes in this way.D) They expected a further explanation from friends through this.5. What can be inferred from this passage?A) Friendship might be enhanced by sharing messages. B) Information of health maintenance might not be sent.C) The theory of information sharing might remain the same.D) Readers' life might be enriched with article exchanges.