People who are obese (过度肥胖) are at increased risk of becoming depressed, and people who are depressed are at increased risk of becoming obese, Dutch researchers have found. Luppino of Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, said the analysis was not designed to determine a given person's risk of depression, only to figure out how much obesity increased that risk. However, for comparison, a recent study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health found that nearly one out of four cases of obesity is associated with a mood or anxiety disorder. Their findings appear to support what other studies have found—that obesity, which is on the increase in the US—is associated with increasing rates of depression and other mental health problems. In contrast to obesity, the association between depression and being overweight (but not obese) did not run the other way, Luppino noted. Being overweight increased the risk of depression in initially non-depressed individuals somewhat, but depression did not increase the risk of being overweight over time. The findings, reported in the latest issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry, also suggest that the link between obesity and later depression is more pronounced among Americans than among Europeans. Why? "A dose-response association—meaning the higher the Body Mass Index is, the more depressed people get—might explain the association," Luppino said. And the average American weighs more than the average European. However, the effect of the psychological distress should not be neglected, the researcher said. "Overweight and obesity can induce low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction," Luppino explained, "especially in Western countries where thinness is often considered a beauty ideal." "Because both depression and obesity carry major health implications, it is very important to try to prevent and treat both," Luppino said. The Dutch team encourages doctors to collaborate (合作) and exchange their professional skills. Doctors treating patients who are overweight or obese could screen their patients for depression and vice versa—psychiatrists (精神病医生) or general doctors encountering depressed patients could suggest their overweight patients see a doctor who can help them balance their diet, Luppino suggests.1. What's the purpose of the study by Luppino of Leiden University Medical Center?A) To find out how common depression is among people.B) To find out how depression patients can be cured.C) To find out the risk of depression caused by obesity. D) To find out the approximate death rate of depression.2. What is the meaning of "pronounced" in Paragraph 5?A) Readable.B) Declared.C) Uttered.D) Definite. 3. What can we learn from the fact that Americans are fatter than Europeans?A) Americans are more likely to get depressed B) Americans are not satisfied with their life.C) Europeans have very low self-esteems.D) Europeans don't often eat fast food.4. What suggestion does Luppino give to doctors who treat depressed patients?A) They should learn from other doctors to improve their skills.B) They should consider the patients' diet while treating them. C) They should treat the patients by using anti-depression drugs.D) They should examine medical history of the patients' family.5. What's the main idea of this passage?A) Depressed people are more likely to be overweight.B) Overweight people are more likely to be depressed.C) Overweight and depression are well connected. D) Overweight and depression are totally separate.

People who are obese (过度肥胖) are at increased risk of becoming depressed, and people who are depressed are at increased risk of becoming obese, Dutch researchers have found.     Luppino of Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, said the analysis was not designed to determine a given person's risk of depression, only to figure out how much obesity increased that risk.   However, for comparison, a recent study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health found that nearly one out of four cases of obesity is associated with a mood or anxiety disorder. Their findings appear to support what other studies have found—that obesity, which is on the increase in the US—is associated with increasing rates of depression and other mental health problems.   In contrast to obesity, the association between depression and being overweight (but not obese) did not run the other way, Luppino noted. Being overweight increased the risk of depression in initially non-depressed individuals somewhat, but depression did not increase the risk of being overweight over time.   The findings, reported in the latest issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry, also suggest that the link between obesity and later depression is more pronounced   among Americans than among Europeans.   Why? "A dose-response association—meaning the higher the Body Mass Index is, the more depressed people get—might explain the association," Luppino said. And the average American weighs more than the average European.   However, the effect of the psychological distress should not be neglected, the researcher said. "Overweight and obesity can induce low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction," Luppino explained, "especially in Western countries where thinness is often considered a beauty ideal." "Because both depression and obesity carry major health implications, it is very important to try to prevent and treat both," Luppino said.   The Dutch team encourages doctors to collaborate (合作) and exchange their professional skills. Doctors treating patients who are overweight or obese could screen their patients for depression and vice versa—psychiatrists (精神病医生) or general doctors encountering depressed patients could suggest their overweight patients see a doctor who can help them balance their diet, Luppino suggests.1. What's the purpose of the study by Luppino of Leiden University Medical Center?A)  To find out how common depression is among people.B)  To find out how depression patients can be cured.C)  To find out the risk of depression caused by obesity. D)  To find out the approximate death rate of depression.2. What is the meaning of "pronounced" in Paragraph 5?A)  Readable.B)  Declared.C)  Uttered.D)  Definite. 3. What can we learn from the fact that Americans are fatter than Europeans?A)  Americans are more likely to get depressed B)  Americans are not satisfied with their life.C)  Europeans have very low self-esteems.D)  Europeans don't often eat fast food.4. What suggestion does Luppino give to doctors who treat depressed patients?A)  They should learn from other doctors to improve their skills.B)  They should consider the patients' diet while treating them. C)  They should treat the patients by using anti-depression drugs.D)  They should examine medical history of the patients' family.5. What's the main idea of this passage?A)  Depressed people are more likely to be overweight.B)  Overweight people are more likely to be depressed.C)  Overweight and depression are well connected. D)  Overweight and depression are totally separate.