17.It's no __ that startups start around universities, because that s where smart people meet. A use B guarantee C need D coincidence

CI plan to remember this year's vacation season with just two words: NEVER AGAIN. Never again, that is, will I take all my technology along. The Internet has ruined summer vacations.Instead of reading dog-eared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet. Instead of long evenings of crossword puzzles or board games, we checked our Twitter feeds and updated our Facebook pages. And that, of course, is the problem with the Internet: It's so easy that, unless you're equipped with massive self-control, you use it if it's there.For several years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenient technology: a laptop which is old and not in good condition and a slow dial-up connection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and very good Wi-Fi turned out to be fatal. The magical iPad signaled silently from the picnic table: What harm could it be to give the e-mail a quick check? But once that attractive touch screen lights up, who can resist?I'm not the first to get lost across this problem, of course. I, m a late adopter. As early as 2008, Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, was warning that broadband Internet was reducing our attention spans and making us stupid. The Web, he said, encourages us to get stuck into our "natural state of distractedness." Even before that, in 2000, Harvard's Robert Putnam warned that television-and, more broadly, staring into any kind of screen-had reduced the amount of time families spent in social interactions. And last year, researchers at UC-Irvine reported that employees who were unplugged from their e-mail got more work done-and experienced far less stress.Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I love having the world's newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able to pay bills and make airplane reservations online. And, thanks to those ugly cell phone towers in the woods, we now have a way to call for help if we need an ambulance or a fire truck. It's also nice to have an app that identifies the constellations (星座)when you hold the iPad up to the night sky. But then, you have to remember to put the screen down and simply drink in the stars-the original, uncut version.And that's the point: It's important not to let the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simpler beauties. It's our fault instead of the Internet, for failing to control the urge to browse. My problem is learning how to limit the time I spend on it. So now I have one more thing to look forward to next summer: More time reading old novels; more time playing crossword puzzles and chasing frogs. Next year, I promise to unplug. Except, of course, when we need to find a new bike trail, or Google a recipe for wild blueberry pie.1Throughout the passage, what evidence does the author provide to support the claims he makes in paragraph 2? A.Scientific studies and statistics about Internet use.B. Historical facts regarding the effects of television and the Internet.C. Personal accounts and opinions of those who have studied the Internet.D. Results of opinion polls about Internet use.2 According to the passage, how does the writer keep himself from getting addicted to the Internet? A. By using outdated laptops with poor Internet access.B. By only giving the e-mail a quick look.C. By keeping the electronic devices out of reach.D. By accessing new iPad and good Wi-Fi.3In the article, UC-Irvine research functions as __________ . A. a personal account that illustrates an idea about social lifeB. a restatement of the author's main argumentC. historical context to allow the reader to understand the article's settingD. evidence to support a point made by Nicolas Carr4Which of the following statement will the author probably agree to? A. people should not rely simply on the Internet to provide them with news and other informationB. people can have meaningful vacations only if they leave all electronic devices at homeC. although the Internet is often useful, it can become addictive and prevent human interactionD. even though there are some good things about the Internet, overall it has affected civilization for the worse

Set Your Body’s Time ClockOur Body Operates Like a Clock As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of California’s Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring (渴望) to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under,the pillow. "For the past fifteen years," says Winget, "We’ve hardly ever gotten up together." The Wingets’ situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall. Behavioral scientists long attributed such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depending on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that the same patterns could be detected in heart and metabolic rates and body temperature. Halberg’s explanation: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes we are accelerating, sometimes slowing down. We achieve peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. Halberg dubbed these bodily cadences "circadian rhythms". Much of the leading work in chronobiology is sponsored today by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Charles Winget, a NASA research physiologist and authority on circadian rhythms, says that circadian principles have been applied to astronauts’ work schedules on most of the space-shuttle flights. The space-age research has many useful applications here on earth. Chronobiologists can tell you when to eat and still lose weight, what time of day you’re best equipped to handle the toughest chal- lenges, when to go to the dentist with your highest threshold of pain and when to exercise for maximum effect. Says Winget, "It’s a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort, you have to coordinate the demands of your activities with your biological capacities."How to Figure Out Your Body’s Patterns Circadian patterns can be made to work for you. But you must first learn how to recognize them. Winget and his associates have developed the following approach to help you figure out your body’s patterns. Take your temperature one hour after getting up in the morning and then again at four-hour inter-vals throughout the day. Schedule your last reading as close to bedtime as possible. You should have five readings by the end of the day. Now add your first, third and fifth readings and record this total. Then add your second and fourth readings and subtract this figure from the first total. That number will be an estimate of your body tem- perature in the middle of the night -- consider it your sixth reading. Now plot all six readings on graph paper. The variations may seem minuscule (极小的)―only one-tenth of a degree in some cases -- but they are significant. You’ll probably find that your tempera- ture will begin to rise between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m., reaching a peak sometime in the late morning or early afternoon. By evening the readings start to drop. They will steadily decline, reaching their nadir (最低点) at around 2 a.m.Learn to Use Your Body’s Pattern Of course, individual variations make all the difference. At what hour is your body temperature on the rise When does it reach its highest point Its lowest7 Once you have familiarized yourself with you patterns, you can take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve your health and productivity. We do our best physical work when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. Schedule your most tcvcing(费力的) activities when your temperature is highest. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks, such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast reading and reflection are better pursued between 2 and 4 p.m., the time when body temperature usually begins to fall. Breakfast should be your largest meal of the day for effective dieting. Calories burn faster one hour after we wake up than they do in the evening. During a six-year research project known as the Army Die Study, Dr. Halberg, chronobiologist Robert Sothern and research associate Erna Halberg monitored the food intake of two groups of men and women. Both ate only one 2000-calorie meal a day, but one group ate their meal at breakfast and the other at dinner. "All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast," states So- them. "Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight." If foods are processed differently at different times of day, certainly caffeine, alcohol and medicines will be too. Aspirin compounds, for example, have the greatest potency (力量) in the morning, between 7 and 8. (So does alcohol.) They are least effective between 6 p.m. and midnight. Caffeine has the most impact around 3 in the afternoon. Charles Walker, dean of the College of Pharmacy at Florida A M University, explains, "Stimulants are most effective when you are normally active, and sedatives (镇静物) work best when you’re naturally sedate or asleep." Knowing your rhythms can also help overcome sleep problems. Consult your body-temperature chart. Your bedtime should coincide with the point at which your temperature is lowest. This is between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. for most people. Dr. Michael Thorpy of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City offers other circadian sleep tips: go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. "Irregularity in sleep and waking times is the greatest cause of sleep problems," Dr. Thorpy says. The best way to recover from a bad night’s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. Beware of sleeping pills. "Most sleeping pills won’t work for periods longer than two weeks," warns Dr. Thorpy. And there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood. Visit a doctor or dentist as early in the day or as late in the evening as possible, since your highest pain threshold is between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. Winget and fellow NASA chronobiologist Charles DeRoshia also offer advice to diminish the de- bilitating effects of jet lag: a week or so before departure begin adjusting your daily activities so that they ,coincide with the time schedule of your destination. Eat a small, high-protein, low-carbohydrate meal just before your trip. Get plenty of sleep in the days before your trip. In flight, eat very little, drink lots of water and avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks. When you arrive, walk around, talk to people, try to adapt to your environment. Before retiring, have a light meal, high in carbohydrates. Take a warm bath. Knowing your body’s patterns is no guarantee of good health. But what chronobiology reveals is the importance of regularity in all aspects of your life and of learning to act in synchronization with your body’s natural rhythms.Charles Winget and his wife seldom get up together, because______. A. they both have sleeping problems B. they have different lifestyleC. they have different circadian patterns D. they go to work in different time

5. I lacked the vocabulary, to ______ my feelings ______ words.A. attach ... toB. translate ... intoC. change ... intoD. apply ... to

The researchers, from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, said the biggest _ to community college students in going on to obtain a bachelor's degree is lost credits.A. misconceptionB. exceptionC. obstacleD. ambition

1 Before I start, I ask you to imagine a scene. You have been assigned by your boss to make a presentation about your recent project, and you are determined to make it a success. After all, it's a great chance for you to showcase yourself and catch attention. You sit up all night preparing for it. The next day, when you arrive at the meeting room, you see it's filled with expectant audience — your colleagues, supervisors, and boss. Your presentation is all ready to go. You feel good. As you begin your PowerPoint presentation, you can even visualize the celebrating crowds in your office.2 Then suddenly, you notice a silence. You wonder why. As you turn to look at your PowerPoint screen, you are hit by the simple spelling errors on it! You feel bad. Throughout the whole presentation, you are embarrassed and apologize each time a spelling error occurs. The presentation turns out to be a failure.3 In real life, people want to succeed in things they do. So, they make every effort to grasp the big things. They assume that as long as they take care of the big things, everything else will fall into place on its own. That assumption is not true while the film is on.3. What are the language features of the speech? In particular, what types of words and sentence structures are mainly used? What rhetorical devices can be found?

At the time we couldn't have _____ the result of our campaigning.（ ）A. promptedB. provokedC. encouragedD. anticipated

A Roadmap for the Planet From the 18th through the mid-19th century, whale oil provided light to much of the Western world. At its peak, whaling employed 70,000 people and was the United States’ fifth-largest industry. The U. S. stood as the world’s foremost whale slayer. Producing millions of gallons of oil each year, the industry was widely seen as unquestionable. Without whale oil, so the thinking from the advocates even went, the world would slide backward toward darkness. By today’s standard, of course, killing whales is considered savage. Two hundred years ago there was no environmental movement to speak of. But one wonders if the whalers, finding that each year they needed to go farther to kill massive sea mammals, ever asked themselves: what will happen when we run out of whales’ Such questions today constitute the base of the ever-louder logic of sustainability. Climate activists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the industrialized countries of the world have made sizable withdrawals on nature’s fixed allowance, and unless we change our ways, and soon, we are doomed to an abrupt end. Take the recent proclamation from the United Nations, Environment Program, which argued that governments should dramatically cut back on the use of resources. The mantra (咒语)has become commonplace, our current way of living is selfish and unsustainable. We are wrecking the world. We are polluting the water and the air. We are killing plants and animals, and leaving a devastated planet for future generations. In other words, humanity is doomed. It is a compelling story, no doubt. It is also fundamentally wrong, and the consequences are severe. Tragically, exaggerated environmental worries―and the willingness of so many to believe them―could ultimately prevent us from finding smarter ways to actually help our planet and ensure the health of the environment for future generations. Because, our fears notwithstanding, we actually get smarter. Although Westerners were once reliant on whale oil for lighting, we never actually ran out of whales. Why High demand and rising prices for whale oil spurred a search for and investment in the 19th-century version of alternative energy. First, kerosene (煤油) from petroleum replaced whale oil. We didn’t run out of kerosene, either: electricity supplanted it because it was a superior way to light our planet. For generations, we have consistently underestimated our capacity for innovation. There was a time when we worried that all of London would be covered with horse manure because of the increasing use of horse-drawn carriages. Thanks to the invention of the car, London has 7 million inhabitants today. Manure disaster averted. In fact, would-be catastrophes have regularly been pushed aside throughout human history, and so often became of innovation and technological development. We never just continue to do the same old thing. We innovate and avoid the anticipated problems. Think of the whales, and then think of the debate over cutting emissions today. Instead of single-mindedly trying to force people to do without carbon-emitting fuels, we must recognize that we won’t make any real progress in cutting CO2 emissions until we can create affordable, efficient alternatives. We are far from that point today., much- hyped technologies such as wind and solar energy remain very expensive and inefficient compared with cheap fossil fuels. Globally, wind provides just 0.3 percent of our energy, and solar a minuscule 0.1 percent. Current technology is so inefficient that, to take just one example, if we were serious about wind power, we would have to blanket most countries with wind turbines to generate enough energy for everybody, and we would still have the massive problem of storage. We don’t know what to do when the wind doesn’t blow. Making the necessary breakthroughs will require mass improvements across many technologies. The sustainable response to global warming, then, is one that sees us get much more serious about investment into alternative-energy research and development. This has a much greater likelihood of leaving future generations at least the same opportunities as we have today. Because what, exactly, is sustainability Fourteen years ago, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development report "Our Common Future", chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, provided the most- quoted definition. Sustainable development "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The measure of success, then, is whether or not we give future generations the same opportunities that we have had. As humans have become richer and more educated, we have been able to enjoy more leisure time. In most developed countries, yearly working hours have fallen drastically since the end of the 19th century: today we work only about half as much as we did then. Over the last 30 years or so, total free time for men and women has increased, thanks to reductions in workload and housework. We have consistently achieved these remarkable developments by focusing on technological innovation and investment designed to create a richer future. And while major challenges remain, the future appears to hold great promise, too. By the end of the century, the U. N. estimates we will live to be 85 on average, and virtually everyone will read, write, and have access to food, water, and sanitation. That’s not too shabby. Rather than celebrating this amazing progress, many find it distasteful. Instead of acknowledging and learning from it, we bathe ourselves in guilt, fretting about our supposed unsustainable lives. Certainly many argue that while the past may have improved, surely it doesn’t matter for the future, because we are destroying the environment! But not so fast. In recent decades, air quality in wealthy countries has vastly improved. In virtually every developed country, the air is more breathable and the water is more drinkable than they were in 1970. London, renowned for centuries for its infamous smog and severe pollution, today has the cleanest air that it has had since the Middle Ages. Eventually, with increased affluence, developed countries gradually were better able to afford a cleaner environment. That is happening already today in some of the richest developing countries: air-pollution levels in Mexico City have been dropping precisely because of better technology and more wealth. Though air pollution is by far the most menacing for humans, water quality has similarly been getting better. Forests, too, are regrowing in rich countries, though still being lost in poor places where slash-and-burn is preferable to starvation. We know from experience that more prosperous countries are more able to respond to the challenges that climate change will pose. They are much more resilient to natural disasters while more able to invest in measures such as greener cities and flood protection. Yet instead of first making sure that everybody is better off and more resilient, our response to global warming has been to try to cut back carbon emissions too soon. In reality, this means reining in growth and making do with less than we could have otherwise. We forget too easily that innovation and ingenuity have solved most major problems in the past. Living sustainably means learning the lessons from history. And chief among those is that the best legacy we can leave our descendants is to ensure that they are prosperous enough to respond flexibly to the unknown challenges ahead.According to the report "Our Common Future", what does sustainable development mean A．Whether we create enough natural resources for our future generations.B．Whether we let our future generations enjoy the same opportunities as we do.C．Whether we create sufficient wealth for our future generations.D．Whether we leave a better environment to our future generations.

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)-|||-第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)-|||-阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。-|||-A-|||-Skip the Line:Louvre Museum Walking Tour-|||-Experience culture and art through the ages with a small-group tour of Paris`Louvre-|||-Museum.Jump the queue and spend three hours with an English-speaking guide,seeing and-|||-learning about some of the museum`s35,000 artworks across eight themed galleries.Then-|||-enjoy time on your own to explore,viewing paintings sculptures archathite from 450-|||-BC to the 19th century.Numbers are limited to 25 on this small-group tour so that tourists-|||-can appreciate the artworks at close range.-|||-What`s Included-|||-Local guide-|||-Audio headsets-|||-Guaranteed to skip the long lines-|||-Small-group tour or private tour (if option selected)-|||-Please note:Evening tours are limited to Wednesdays and Fridays at 6:30pm.For an-|||-extra unique experience,book an evening session and wind through the quiet corridors at-|||-night,when the crowds are gone and the artworks are basking in soft light.Enjoy the tour-|||-without all the noise,and finish with great views of the Louvre`s glittery outside pyramid lit-|||-up after dusk.-|||-Additional Information-|||-Confirmation will be received at time of booking.-|||-Nowheelchair accessible.-|||-Due to heightened security measures,you may experience delays in clearing security checks-|||-when entering the museum.-|||-Travellers should have a moderate physical fitness level.-|||-Large bags,backpacks,and suitcases are not permitted in the museum.-|||-Please note that parties of 7 or more people may be split in different groups on the day of-|||-the tour at the meeting point.-|||-Cancellation Policy-|||-For a full refund(退款),cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the-|||-experience.-|||-21.What is the characteristic of the tour? C-|||-A. wheelchair-friindly. B.There are no security checks.-|||-C.Visitors needn`t wait in long lines. D.Tourists can access the most artworks.-|||-22.Why does the tour set a limit to visitor numbers? D-|||-A.To make sure of social distancing. B.To avoid damage to the museum.-|||-C.To protect the museum`s exhibits D.To ensure visitors a closer experience.-|||-23.What are the visitors advised to do? B-|||-A.Carry small bags or backpacks. B.Book evening tours to save money.-|||-C.Wear comfortable shoes and clothes. D.Gather at the meeting point on time.