Section B-|||-Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attuched to it Each statement-|||-conlains information give one of the paragraphs.ldentify the paragraph from which the information is-|||-derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once, Each paragruph is manked with letter.Answer-|||-the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.-|||-Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking-|||-A)Since Steven Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple,much has been said about him as a peerless business leader-|||-who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming-|||-entire industries, like music and mobile communications.-|||-B)All true,but let`s think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let`s look at Mr.Jobs as-|||-role model.-|||-C)Above all,he is an innovator(创新者).His creati force is seen in products such as the iPod,iPhone,and-|||-iPad,and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online.Studies of-|||-innovation come to the same conclusion:you can`t engincer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it-|||-occurring.And Mr.Jobs`s career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds,both for himself-|||-and the companies be has led.Mr. Jobs,of course, has enjoyed singular succss. But innovation, broadly-|||-dcfined,is the crucial ingredicnt in all cconomi progress -higher growth for nations,more competitive products-|||-for companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals.And Mr.Jobs,many experts say,exemplifies what-|||-works in the innovation game.-|||-D)"We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,"says John Kao,an-|||-innovation consultant to corporations and governme Many other nations,Mr.Kao notes,are now ahead of the-|||-United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation.These include government-|||-financing for scientific research, national polici to support emerging industries, educational a-|||-engineers and scientists graduated,even the speeds of Internet broadband service.-|||-E)Yet what other nations typically lack,Mr.Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity,-|||-experimentation,risk-taking,and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls"recombinant mash--|||-ups (带碎重组)," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category."The culture of other countries-|||-doesn`t support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies,as America does,"Mr.John Kao says.-|||-F)Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to thriving in-|||-the modern economy.Formal education matters,career counselors say,but real-life experience is often even more-|||-valuable.-|||-G)An adopted child,growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr.Jobs displayed those traits early on.He was fascinated by-|||-electronics as a child,building Heathkit do-it-y projects,like radios.Mr.Jobs dropped out of Reed College-|||-after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenmen before returning to Silicon-|||-Valley to found Apple with his friend,Stephen Wozniak,an engineering wizard (奇才).Mr.Jobs was forced-|||-out of Apple in 1985,went off and founded two other companies,Next and Pixar,before returning to Apple in-|||-1996 and becoming chief executive in 1997.-|||-H)His path was unique, but innovation experts say the partern of exploratio is not unusual."It`s often people like-|||-Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrou ideas and-|||-insights,"says Hal Gregersen,a professor at European Institute of Bus Administration.-|||-I)Mr.Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innowator`s DNA which is hased on an eight-year study of 5,000-|||-entreprenewrs(创业者) and cxecutives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a-|||-professor at Brigham Young University,and Clayton Christensen,a pro at the Harvard Business School,-|||-whose 1997 book The Innovator`s Dilemma popularized the concept of"disnprive(g覆性的)innovat-|||-J) The academics identify five traits that are common to the disnuptive innovatnrs questioning, experimentin-|||-abserving,associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics cchoes the ceaseless curiosity and-|||-willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr.Hal Gregersen explains, i less about career-|||-building relationships th consistent search for new ideas. Associating,he adds, is the ability to make idea--|||-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.-|||-K)Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly,"Mr. Gregersen says."It`s a habit for them."Innovative-|||-companics, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in the stock market,which they call an-|||-"mnoutionpreminm(if)." li by estimating the share of a company`s value that cannot be-|||-accounted for by its current products and cash flow.The innovation premium tries to quantify(量化)investors`-|||-bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.-|||-L)Apple,by their calculations,had a 37 percent innovation premiu during Mr.Jobs`s first term with the company.-|||-His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return,Apple`s fortunes improved-|||-gradually at first,and improved markedly starting in 2005,yielding a 52 percent innovation premium since then.-|||-M) There is no conclusive proof,but Mr.Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr.Jobs could have reshaped-|||-industries beyond computi as he has done in his second term at Apple,without the experience outside the-|||-company,especially at Pixar-the computer animation(动画制作)studio tha created a string of critically and-|||-commercially successuu mo such as"Toy Story"and"Up."-|||-N)Mr.Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class at Stanford-|||-University in 2005."It tu out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened-|||-to me," he told the students.Mr.Jobs also spoke of perseverance(坚持)and will power."Sometimes life hits-|||-you in the head with a brick," he said."Don`t lose faith."-|||-O)Mr.Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation,both in one`s choice of work and in one`s life.-|||-Be curious,experiment,tak risks,he said to the students.His advice was emphasized by the words on the back-|||-of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog,which he quoted:"Stay hungry.Stay foolish.""And,"Mr.-|||-Jobs said,"I have always wished that for myself.And now,as you graduate to begin anew,I wish that for you."-|||-46.Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address-|||-47.Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.-|||-48.Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.-|||-49.Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation.-|||-50.Great innovator are good at connecting concep from various academic fields.-|||-51.Innovation is vital to driving economic progress,-|||-52.America has a social environment is particular favorable to innovation-|||-53.Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.-|||-54.Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.-|||-55.Apple`s fortunes suffered from an innovation discount durin Jobs` absence.

At campus job fairs, some students come away, disappointed at the few positions offered as employers have ______ recruiting budgets.A. hold backB. cut backC. set backD. bring back

Now she's come to realize the consequences and decided to _______ on candies and desserts.A. cut downB. set downC. bring downD. go down

题型说明：写出相应单词的正确形式。17. (5.0分) entry(动词)____

Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising． You should exercise to stay within your target heart range． • Use your index finger （食指） and middle finger． Don't use your thumb （拇指） -it has a pulse of its own． • Place these two fingers on your wrist， just below the base of the thumb． • Count the number of beats （pulses） for 15 seconds． • Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute． For example， if you count 25 beats， 25 x 4 = 100 beats per minute． Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise， but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low． If you are a beginner， you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising． This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body． The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages． Here are the steps for using the chart： Measure your exercise heart rate in beats per minute （BPM）． Look at the chart． - Find your age． If your age falls between the ages listed， round up to the next older age listed． - Compare your heart rate to the target exercise range． • If you are doing moderate exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 50% range． • If you are doing vigorous exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range． • Try to stay in the 50-85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity．TARGET HEART RATE RANGES BASEDON AGE-|||-Target Heart Rate Zone-|||-50%-85%of Maximum Heart Rate-|||-50% 70% 85% Maximum Heart-|||-(BPM) (BPM) (BPM) Rate(BPM)-|||-100 140 170 200-|||-98 137 166 195-|||-95 133 162 190-|||-93 130 157 185-|||-90 126 153 180-|||-88 123 149 175-|||-85 119 145 170-|||-83 116 140 165-|||-80 112 136 160（1）Which of the following is TRUE？ ____ A． Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate．B． The faster your heart rate is， the more effective the exercise is．C． Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety．D． The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90-149 BPM．（2）A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40．His fitness coach had better tell him ____ ．A． "You are doing fine．"B． "You can run faster．"C． "You should slow down a bit．"D． "You should drink some water．"（3）What is the purpose of this passage？ ____ A． To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising．B． To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under．C． To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise．D． To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity．

They were a quiet couple who ______ themselves.A. kept toB. kept withC. kept inD. kept up

Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves. Work-related self-esteem is therefore a worthy ideal to pursue with vigor, right? Well, not always. According to recent research, in which psychologists interviewed 370 full-time workers over a period of three weeks, the reality is a little more complicated. And it involves negative as well as positive consequences. It's natural to be drawn towards pleasure and to step away from pain. In the workplace, if that pleasure comes from a triumph which swells our self-respect, people will try to repeat the accomplishment. But repeating that accomplishment is often not realistic, which can lead to severe negative emotional consequences when it doesn't reoccur. This form of motivation is widely regarded as a negative type of motivation. It can hinder other more positive motivation types, such as completing a task purely because it's fulfilling or enjoyable. What consumes the employee instead is a pressing need to feel mighty and sure of themselves. They then take on only tasks and objectives which serve that ego-driven need. As a result, to avoid feelings of shame and worthlessness associated with failure, they extend themselves to such a degree that there's a subsequent adverse effect on their well-being. This internal pressure to succeed at all costs demands a lot of effort. It depletes their energy, culminating in disproportionate levels of damaging sentiment. Those negative emotions mount into heightened anxiety, impacting their ability to make the most of their personal life. Their desire to avoid feeling inferior ends up making them feel inferior when it comes to their diminished capacity for friendship and leisure. They end up dissatisfied both at work and outside of it. But thankfully, for those people compelled almost entirely by this specific form of motivation, the news isn't all bad, or bad at all. The study also discovered several positive outcomes that can actually outweigh the harmful ones. Though these types of employees are motivated by the desire to avoid negative consequences, they are also motivated by the excitement of pursuing emotional rewards. This excitement makes pursuing goals enjoyable and stimulates pleasure and pride that would result from success. An effect of the positive motivation is that it neutralizes the existence of negative motivation. Sure, it affects people's personal lives to what could be deemed an unhealthy extent, because leisure activities are often seen as a part of life that must be sacrificed to manage work and family demands. However, the way people feel about their work has less to do with whether they're motivated by the preservation of self-esteem but more with the fact that they're simply motivated. 46. What does the author say about the pursuit of work-related self-esteem?A) It may result in negative motivation.C) It can increase one's vigor as one keeps trying.B) It contributes to one's accomplishments.D) It costs too much emotionally and psychologically. 47. What do employees tend to do in pursuing work-related self-esteem?A) Take on tasks well beyond their actual capabilities.C) Resort to all means regardless of the consequences.B) Strive to succeed at the expense of their well-being.D) Exaggerate their sense of shame and worthlessness. 48. What do we learn about people over-concerned with work-related self-esteem?A) They may often feel inferior to their colleagues.C) They are never satisfied with their achievements.B) They cannot enjoy their personal life to the full.D) They have their own view of friendship and leisure. 49. What is the good news we learn from the recent research?A) The pursuit of goals may turn out to be enjoyable and pleasant.B) The emotional rewards from goal pursuit are worth the pains taken.C) The negative consequences of goal pursuit can mostly be avoided.D) The goal of swelling self-esteem can be achieved if one keeps trying. 50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) Workers have to make sacrifices to preserve self-esteem.B) Self-esteem swells when workers are strongly motivated.C) Pursuit of goals affects people's personal lives to an unhealthy extent.D) People feel positive about their work as long as they are motivated.

2 Though facing ____ challenges, he maintained a strong belief and continued to work for the welfare of the country and the people.The ____ and dedication of countless great men in various fields endow (赋予) us with material and spiritual wealth.In the face of ____, Zhu Ziqing would rather starve to death than accept food relief from the United States.The group of artists has been working on the preservation of ____ culture and intangible cultural heritage.The new policy ____ a lot of discussion and debate among the public.he ____ of Zhang Guimei as a prominent educator has greatly impacted female education poor areas.espite all kinds of difficulties, Qian Xuesen and his team never made a(n) ____ successfully launched China's first artificial Earth satellite.Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Forms where necessary.credit...forpass awaydevote...toin the face ofdetermined tocast doubt ondonate...toearlier in life____ the widespread virus, medical workers around the world have showning courage, bravery, and resilience.A man ____ money ____ the local schools, hoping to improve environment.Necessary to ____ great people ____ their remarkable achievements impact on history.

The importance of communication cannot be denied. Using effective communication skills is important to relationships and to succeed at work. 16 Here are a few: Preventing misunderstandings. When you clearly communicate your wants, your needs, and your intentions, there will be no misunderstanding. Many of our arguments and disagreements occur — simply because one of us did not communicate clearly. Another example of the importance of communication can be seen in the medical field. When a doctor tells a patient his diagnosis and gives instructions for care and medicine, it is critical that the patient understands exactly what the doctor intends to communicate. 17 Strengthen relationships. We get to know each other (either in business or personally) by talking and listening. 18 People like people they know. In business, the more personable business person, who showed an interest in his customer, wins the sale-every time-over the business person who is aloof and shows no interests in the customer, whatsoever! 19 Talking about your problem and stresses actually helps to relieve the stress and anxiety. You feel as if some of the burden has been lifted from you when a friend listens and shows that she cares. The importance of Communication Skill becomes obvious when you think of the many times that you communicate with someone during a single day. 20 . 1. 16 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 2. 17 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 3. 18 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 4. 19 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress. 5. 20 A: Taking the time to improve our interpersonal skills is definitely worth the effort! B: There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. C: When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. D: Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationship. E: Otherwise, serious results could occur! F: Increase confidence. G: Relieve stress.