Mary has some friends. 31 Betty, Peter, Alice 32 Mike. Mary is the oldest 33 . Betty is thirteen years 34 . She is younger than Mary and older than Peter. Alice is nine and Mike is seven. Betty and Peter are 35 runners. But Peter runs faster. Mary and Betty like to 36 . Mary plays better than Betty. Alice sings 37 of them. Mary and Betty study in a middle school. Alice and Mike study in a primary school. They 38 work hard at school. But Betty works 39 . Her handwriting is good, 40 . 31. A. They are B. It is C. There are 32. A. but B. and C. them. 33. A. in the five B . of five C. of the five 34. A. older B. old C. oldest 35. A. best B. better C. good 36. A. play basketball B. play a basketball C. play the basketball 37. A. good B. better C. best 38. A. six B. all C. both 39. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 40. A. too B. two C. at

阅读理解 (本题共计3小题,总分30分)18.(10分)AI was filled with doubts and worries until my grandfather told me to stand tall.For me,height was my trouble.I was much taller than other girls,so I often bent(弯曲) my body at the back of the line.I had always felt unsafe as the tallest student of my class in Bala Cynwyd.And I wasn't looking forward to entering the ninth grade.My grandfather didn't laugh at me.Instead,whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter,he would tell me “Stand straight and tall,Alisa.” I trusted my grandfather more than anyone else in my childhood.And whenever I was afraid of something,he always told me stories of his life.My grandfather grew up in war-torn(战乱的)Europe.“ Stand straight,stand tall ” meant something else then.After the war,he went to America.He lived a hard life,“If they could do it,why couldn't I?”“Stand straight,stand tall,”he often reminded(提醒) himself.Thanks to the help of a friend,my grandfather got a job.He once told me that he was very nervous at first.He was not only trying to learn this hard new job but also a new language.“Stand straight,stand tall,” he would always tell himself.I am so proud of my grandfather.After listening to my grandfather's unusual experiences,I have changed the way I look at my own life.“Stand straight,stand tall” has become not only a piece of advice to improve my posture(身姿).It also tells me to be proud of who I am.And I do.( )46.Alisa often bent her body because ________.A.she lived a hard lifeB.she was much taller than other girlsC.she always stood at the back of the lineD.she didn't want to enter the 9th grade( )47.What did Alisa's grandfather do with her trouble?A.He laughed at her.B.He asked her to bend her body.C.He told her to stand straight and tall.D.He advised her to stay away from her friends.( )48.Alisa's grandfather's experiences ________.A.made her feel unsafeB.taught her to accept herselfC.changed her attitude(态度) to her grandfatherD.told her his success completely depended on his friends( )49.“Stand straight,stand tall” means ________ in the passage.A.making yourself look tall B.taking care of yourselfC.being proud of yourself D.reminding yourself( )50. What's the best title for this passage?A.Stand Straight,Stand Tall B.My Grandfather's Life StoriesC.My Colorful Experiences D.The Help of a Friend19.(10分)BNearly all students feel both nervous and excited when their big day comes.On the big day,there will be the graduation ceremony.Students will wear graduation costumes and hats that day.Parents,relatives and friends may also be invited to the ceremony.When students enter the hall of the ceremony,they will see lots of other schoolmates.They will see that all of them are wearing some costumes and hats.This makes them feel that it is a very important and extraordinary day.This kind of feeling is rather hard to describe.It would be better to understand if one can personally experience this.As soon as the ceremony starts,the schoolmaster will give a speech.After the speech,the students will be called to go on stage(舞台) to receive their certificates (证书).This should be the most important part of the whole ceremony.During this moment,most students start to feel nervous,since hundreds of people are watching them.However,this is also the most wonderful moment for them.This marks a very important moment in their lives,as they have finally finished their school years.Besides that,this moment also shows they are going to move on to a new stage of life.( )51.What does the big day refer to?A.The time when students graduate. B.The time when school holds parents meeting.C.The time when the new term begins. D.The time when students come in the hall.( )52.What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese?A.奇怪的 B.消极的 C.特别的 D.额外的( )53.How do most students feel when they go on stage to receive their certificates?A.Excited. B.Nervous. C.Afraid. D.Comfortable.( )54.Why is the graduation ceremony important to students?A.Because it helps students get to know themselves better.B.ecause it helps students find better jobs.C.Because it helps students do better in their future study.D.Because it shows a new stage of life for students.( )55.What can we know from the passage?A.Parents must wear graduation hats to join the graduation ceremony.B.People needn't study after they finish their school years.C.Students have different feelings during their graduation ceremony.D.The schoolmaster gives a speech at the end of the graduation ceremony.20.(10分)CBecause of the coronavirus we couldn't go back to school. But I tried to make my life at home exciting during the holiday.I often listened to music after finishing my schoolwork. Because of this, I learned about a lot of new songs and excellent singers. Listening to music can make me relaxed and keep my mood light.I watched the news every night. It can help me understand the world. The news tells me the strength of our motherland and the difficulties some parts of the world face. From this, I learned that peace is important.On weekends, I sometimes watched movies, such as The Shawshank Redemption(《肖申克的救赎》)and Forrest Gump(《阿甘正传》). These movies are very educational. They taught me not to give up. I like them very much.Even if I couldn't go out, I still played sports. Sometimes I went to the gym(健身房)downstairs. I ran and did strength training. I think exercise is the best way to relax my mind and body, so I'm still exercising.I also developed a new hobby—I planted a pot(盆)of flowers. Because of my care, it is growing very well now. I think growing flowers can cultivate(培养)my sense__of__responsibility.During this period of time, I learned a lot and felt a lot. It was a colourful and meaningful time.( )56.Why couldn't the writer go back to school?A. Because he was tired of schooling. B. Because it wasn't time for school.C. Because the coronavirus broke out. D. Because he wanted to learn more at home.( )57.What did the writer do at home during the epidemic(疫情)?Listened to music. b. Did homework. c. Watched movies. d. Planted a lot of trees.A. abc B. acd C. bcd D. abd( )58.What did the writer think about the news?A. It could make him relaxed. B. It could keep his mood light.C. It could make him feel peaceful. D. It could help him know the world.( )59.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?Forrest Gump is an educational movie.B. The writer jogged at the gym every day.C. The writer lived a colourful life at home.D. Exercise is the best way to relax mind and body.( )60.What does the underlined phrase “sense of responsibility” mean in Chinese?A. 责任感 B. 成就感 C. 鉴赏力 D. 想象力

26.（2.0分）下列与come相关的短语翻译正确的是（）。A. come by上演B. come about发生C. come down降下D. come off从...掉落

Some radio signals were heard in 1967．They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star．They were coming very regularly，too-about once a second，as if they were controlled by clock．The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else．They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people．The signals were coming from a very small body-no bigger，perhaps than the earth．Was that why no light could be seen from it？Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star？There was no end to the questions，but the scientists kept the news secret．"Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there．"they thought，"who are trying to send messages to other planets，or to us？So the news was not given to the newspaper．Instead，the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them．Well，all that happened in 1967 and 1968．Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange，regular，radio signals．And they have told the story，of course．The signals do not come from a planet； they come from a new kind of star called a"pulsar"（脉冲星）．Pulsars are strong radio stars．They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present．And we can be sure of this：no intelligent beings are living on them．Until now over a hundred other pulsars have been found，and most of them are very like the first one．Recently，Chinese researchers have discovered six pulsars，which are super heavy remains of massive stars，using its Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope，known as FAST，thus opening a"new era of Chinese original space discovery"．Li Di，the telescope's deputy chief engineer，said FAST is set to be fully operational by the end of 2019．Meanwhile，scientists there will continue to test FAST and cooperate with foreign scientists on space exploration．32．The radio signals discussed in this passage ____ ．A．were regularB．were controlled by a clockC．were heard in 1967 onlyD．were secret messages33．The scientists did not tell people about the signals because ____ ．A．the signals stood for secret messagesB．people might be frightenedC．the signals stood for unimportant messagesD．people would ask them too many questions34．A pulsar ____ ．A．is a well-known satelliteB．is a small and light starC．has intelligent beings that were known at that timeD．is a small heavy star sending out strong radio signals35．Which of the following is TRUE？ ____ A．The radio signals were sent by a sky body which was known at that time．B．Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none．C．Chinese researchers have discovered six pulsars using FAST．D．Now is the new era of Chinese space discovery with perfect FAST．

CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.CLICK^+A FRIEND?-|||-1 How would you feel if 1moving to a new town meant losing-|||-track of②your friends? ②What if the only way of getting news-|||-from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be-|||-delivered③?This was &how things worked not very long ago.-|||-Thanks to④advances⑤ in technology, foo we make friends and-|||-communicate with@them has changed significantly⑦.-|||-2 Nowadays,we can move around the world and still stay in-|||-touch with⑧the people fo that we want to remain friends with.-|||-Social media⑨tools let us see what our friends are up to w and-|||-maintain @ friendships.All you need is a wi-fi⑫⑫ connection.-|||-3 The digitall age also enables 14 us to find people-|||-6 who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or-|||-playing an unusuaua 15 instrument`l . .1 Whatever our hobbies, the-|||-Internet can connect us with 17 others a who also enjoy doing-|||-them,@ee if they live on the other side of the world.-|||-4 But when you "friend 18 "people online,does this mean-|||-⑪that they really are your friends?-|||-5 ⑪ It depends.-|||-6 If people always exchange wy true personal information-|||-online,then yes,these friendships can be real and meaningful^20 .-|||-But we need to keep in mind? It that what we see on social media-|||-is often not the whole truth about a person.

eBay eBay is a global phenomenon-the world’s largest garage sale, online shopping center, ear dealer and auction site with 147 million registered users in 30 countries as of March 2005. You can find everything from encyclopedias to olives to snow boots to stereos to airplanes for sale. And if you stumble on it before the eBay overseers do, you might even find a human kidney or a virtual date. eBay Basics eBay is, first and foremost, an online auction site. You can browse through categories like Antiques, Boats, Clothing Accessories, Computers Networking, Jewelry Watches and Video Games. When you see something you like, you click on the auction title and view the details, including pictures, descriptions, payment options and shipping information. If you place a bid on an item, you enter a contractual agreement to buy it if you win the auction. All auctions have minimum starting bids, and some have a reserve price-a secret minimum amount the seller is willing to accept for the item. If the bidding doesn’t reach the reserve price, the seller doesn’t have to part with the item. In addition to auctions, you can find tons of fixed-price items on eBay that make shopping there just like shopping at any other online marketplace. You see what you like, you buy it, you pay for it and you wait for it to arrive at your door. You can pay for an item on eBay using a variety of methods, including money order, cashier’s check, cash, personal check and electronic payment services like PayPal and BidPay. It’s up to each seller to decide which payment methods he’ll accept. Just as you can buy almost anything on eBay, you can sell almost anything, too. Using a simple listing process, you can put all of the junk in your basement up for sale to the highest bidder. When you sell an item on eBay, you pay listing fees and turn over a percentage of the final sale price to eBay. Once you register (for free) with eBay, you can access all of your eBay buying and selling activities in a single location called "My eBay." eBay Infrastructure A series of service disruptions in 1999 caused real problems for eBay’s business. Over the course of three days, overloaded servers intermittently shut down, meaning users couldn’t check auctions, place bids or complete transactions during that period. Buyers, sellers and eBay were, very unhappy, and a complete restructuring of eBay’s technological architecture followed. In 1999, eBay was one massive database server and a few separate systems running the search function. In 2005, eBay is about 200 database servers and 20 search servers. The architecture is a type of grid computing that allows for both error correction and growth. With the exception of the search function, everything about eBay can actually run on approximately 50 servers-Web servers, application servers and data-storage systems. Each server has between 6 and 12 microprocessors. These 50 or so servers run separately, but they talk to each other, so everybody knows if there is a problem somewhere, eBay can simply add servers to the grid as the need arises. While the majority of the site can run on 50 servers, eBay has four times that. The 200 servers are housed in sets of 50 in four locations, all in the United States. When you’re using eBay, you may be talking to any one of those locations at any time--they all store the same data. If one of the systems crashes, there are three others to pick up the slack. When you’re on the eBay Web site and you click on a listing for a Persian rug, your com-puter talks to Web servers, which talk to application servers, which pull data from storage servers so you can find out what the latest bid price is and how much time is left in the auction, eBay has local partners in many countries who deliver eBay’s static data to cut down on download time, and there are monitoring systems in 45 cities around the world that constantly scan for problems in the network. Using eBay: Security In order to make buyers feel safer when making purchases on eBay, all tangible (有形的) items are automatically insured for 200. A recipe that was supposed to be delivered to you via e-mail is not considered a tangible item. But if you purchased a set of speakers that never arrived, and you go through the dispute process and eBay determines you were defrauded (欺骗), you can get your money back up to 200. Buyer Fraud Buyer fraud is typically less damaging than seller fraud. The most common type of fraud a buyer can commit is simply not paying for an item. Sellers can deal with non-paying bidders by filing an Unpaid Item dispute, eBay will then attempt to contact the buyer and get her to pay. If she does not respond to eBay’s attempts after eight days, the seller is reimbursed (赔偿)for eBay’s cut of the final sale price and can relist the item for free. If the buyer does respond, the dispute can end in one of three ways: The buyer decides to pay, and everybody’s happy. The buyer and the seller decide together to abandon the transaction, the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free, and everybody’s happy. The seller decides not to deal with the buyer, the buyer gets an unpaid-item strike against her, and the seller gets reimbursed for the final-value fee and relists the item for free. In the end, the damage to the seller is relatively small. Another type of buyer fraud occurs when a buyer sends false payment. In most cases, this is in the form of a bounced check, and the seller finds out about it before shipping the item. Bounced checks are as common on eBay as they are in the rest of the world, and many sellers choose not to accept personal checks for this reason. Seller Fraud Seller fraud is what most people think about when they worry about using eBay. There are two main ways in which a buyer can be defrauded by a seller. The item the buyer purchased is dramatically different from how it was described in the listing; or the item simply never arrives. One thing to keep in mind when you think you’ve been defrauded is that miscommunication is common on eBay. For instance, if you didn’t read every word of the auction listing for your item, you may have missed the part that said the seller would be out of town for three weeks and wouldn’t be able to ship the item until she returned. This could be why you don’t have your item and the seller isn’t answering your e-mails. Also, e-mail is not the most straightforward form of communication. If your item hasn’t arrived after two weeks, and you’ve e-mailed the seller but haven’t heard back, it’s a good idea to check your junk mail folder. Your seller may have sent a response e-mail that just never made it to your inbox. If there’s nothing from the seller in your junk folder, you can request that eBay reveal your seller’s phone number so you can give him a call and see what’s going on. If you don’t get an answer to your phone call (or if your seller lives in another country and it would cost too much money to call), your next step is to start the dispute process. When a buyer believes he has been defrauded, he can file a complaint, and eBay will work to solve the problem. When you file a complaint in eBay’s "Item Not Received or Significantly Not as Described" system, eBay will act as middleman between you and your seller to try to settle the dispute. If that fails, you can file a claim to get reimbursed for your purchase.A recipe is not considered tangible item if______. A) it is delivered later than the contracted time B) it never arrives at your place C) it is delivered to the buyer through e-mail D) it costs less than the market price

__________ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn't seem so gloomy.A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look

1. __ (医生)-|||-doctor-|||-5.policewoman(女警察)-|||-9.teacher(老师;教师)-|||-13. actor(男演员)-|||-17. musician(音乐家)-|||-21.soldier(军人;士兵)22.-|||-24. __ (球类运动员)-|||-26. __ (工作者;工人)-|||-28.序设计员;编程人员)-|||-__-|||-2. __ (护士)-|||-6.manager(经理;经营者)-|||-10. __ (学生)-|||-student-|||-14.engineer(工程师)-|||-18. pianist (钢琴家)-|||-__ (厨师)-|||-3. reporter(记者)-|||-4.policeman(男警察)-|||-7.officer (军官;官员 )-|||-8.waiter (服务员)-|||-11. waiter (作家;作者-|||-12. pilot (飞行员)-|||-15. artist(艺术家)-|||-16. singer(歌手)-|||-19. violinist(小提琴手-|||-)20. secretary(秘书)-|||-23. scientist(科学家)-|||-25.gymnast(体操运动员)-|||-27. driver(驾驶员;司机)

Genetic testing is transforming medicine and the way families think about their health. As science uncovers the complicated secrets of DNA, we face difficult choices and new challenges. The year was 1895 and Pauline Gross, a young actress, was scared. Gross knew nothing about the human-genome (基因组，染色体组) project―such medical triumphs, but she did know about a nasty disease called cancer, and it was running through her family. "I’m healthy now," she often told Dr. Aldred Warthin from at the University of Michigan, "but I fully expect to die an early death." At the time, Gross’s prediction was based solely on observation: family members had died of cancer; she would, too. Today, more than 100 years later, Gross’s relatives have a much more clinical option: genetic testing. With a simple blood test; they can peer into their own DNA, learning―while still perfectly healthy―whether they carry an inheritable gene mutation (突变) that has dogged their family for decades and puts them at serious risk. Testing is a kind of the genomic revolution. A major goal is to create new sophisticated therapies that home in on a disease’s biological source, then fix the problem. Already, genes are helping to predict a patient’s response to existing medications. A prime example, taken by Dr, Wylie Burke of the University of Washington, is a variant of a gene called TPMT, which can lead to life-threatening reactions to certain doses of chemotherapy (化学疗法). A genetic test can guide safe and appropriate treatment. Two genes have been identified that influence a person’s response to the anti-blood-clotting drug. And scientists are uncovering genetic differences in the way people respond to other widely used medications, like antidepressants (抗抑郁药). Knowing a patient’s genotype, or genetic profile, may also help researchers uncover new preventive therapies for sticky diseases. At Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Christopher Ross has tested several compounds shown to slow the progression of Huntington’s in mice. Now he wants to test them in people who are positive for the Huntington’s mutation but have not developed symptoms―a novel approach to clinical drug trials, which almost always involve sick people seeking cures. "We’re using genetics to move from treating the disease after it happens," he says, "to preventing the worst symptoms of the disease before it happens." It’s not just their own health that people care about. There is also the desire to get rid of disease from the family tree. Therefore, the future is what drives many adults to the clinic. The gene tests currently offered for certain diseases, like breast cancer, affect only a small percentage of total cases. Inherited mutations contribute to just 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers. But the impact on a single life can be huge. The key: being able to do something to ward off disease. "Genetic testing offers us profound insight," says Dr. Stephen Gruber, of the University of Michigan. "But it has to be balanced with our ability to care for these patients." Genetic testing today starts at the earliest stages of life. Couples planning to have children can be screened prior to conception to see if they are carriers of genetic diseases; prenatal (产前) tests are offered during pregnancy, and states now screen newborns for as many as 29 conditions, the majority of them genetic disorders. For Jana and Tom Monaco, of Woodbridge, Va., early testing has made an enormous difference in the lives of their children. Their journey began in 2001, when their seemingly healthy third child, 3-year-old Stephen, developed a life-threatening stomach virus that led to severe brain damage. His diagnosis: a rare but treatable disease called isovaleric acidemia (IVA). Unknowingly, Jana and her husband were carriers of the disease, and at the time, IVA was not included in newborn screening. The Monacos had no warning whatsoever. Genetic testing, exciting as it may seem, isn’t always the answer. When Wendy Uhlmann, a genetic counselor at the University of Michigan, teaches medical students, she flashes two slides on a screen side by side. One says ignorance is bliss (福佑). The other: knowledge is power. That’s because the value of testing becomes especially ambiguous―and ethically complicated―when there is no way to prevent or treat disease, as in the case of early-onset Alzheimer’s, which often strikes before the age of 50, or Huntington’s. Today only about 5 percent of people who are at risk for Huntington’s―which is caused by a single gene and leads to a progressive loss of physical control and mental acuity―take the test. Many are worried that genetic testing will put their health insurance or job security at risk. While there have been few documented cases of discrimination, nobody can say for sure what will happen as more disease genes are discovered and’ more Americans sign on for predictive testing. States have a patchwork of regulations in place, but what needs to happen now, experts say, is for Congress to pass the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which would put a federal stamp of approval on keeping genetic information safe. Moreover, some people can’t live with uncertainty. Stephanie Vogt knew Huntington ran in her family―her grandfather and his three brothers all died of complications of the disease―and she wanted to find out where she stood. "As soon as I found out there was a test, I just had to do it," she says. In August 2000, after comprehensive genetic counseling, Stephanie, her sister, Victoria, and their mother, Gayle Smith, learned her results: positive. "It was like a scene Out of ’The Matrix’, where everything freezes and starts again," says Stephanie, now 35 and single. Scientific revolutions must be tempered by reality. Genes aren’t the only factors involved in complex diseases―lifestyle and environmental influences, such as diet or smoking, are too. And predictions about new tests and treatments may not come to pass as fast as researchers hope―they may not come at all. Still, it’s hard not to get excited about the future, especially when you consider the medical competition now underway.What have Christopher Ross’ experimental results revealed to us A．Those inheritable diseases may be cured through genetic testing.B．Those inheritable diseases may be predicted through genetic testing.C．Those inheritable diseases may be prevented through genetic testing.D．Those inheritable diseases may be controlled through genetic testing.

inspect；purchase；oppose；impress；warn；satisfy；sense；lonely；funeral；recommend（1）A man should have a（n） ____ of responsibility for his family.（2）I am not at all ____ with the service at the hotel.（3）Only close relatives were allowed to attend the ____ .（4）I shall have a companion in the house because I feel so ____ sometimes.（5）It is human nature to be ____ to change because it requires us to cross into the unknown.（6）Among the decisions that most people make ____ a house is perhaps the biggest one.（7）It is not what you say but what you do that ____ people most.（8）I wouldn't ____ reading in this light；it may affect your eyes.（9）The guard walked through the train ____ everyone's ticket.（10）His boss ____ him that if he was late again，he would lose his job.