④ Point out the type of adverbial clause in each of the following complex sentences.1) If you take the subway, you'll save money and time.2) The project was completed earlier than we had expected.3) She came into the room when the meeting was going on.4) We sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach them in good time.

Complete the passage with the appropriate words or expressions in the box. Change the form when necessary.assemble autonomous command current dynamic landscapeovernight overseas roam startling zipan assortment of hail from strip away set the pace (for)Visitors _______ China have long been a familiar feature of the English _______. However, the latest arrival to be seen _______ fields in the English countryside has been getting some surprised looks. For the _______ newcomer is a tractor busy at work with no sign of a driver onboard. Designed and _______ in China, it was originally made for use there rather than _______ but is proving itself to be equally at home on the English farm. It features _______ hi-tech advances that enable it to _______ along on its own, free of human _______, tending the crops and _______ weeds. The _______ vehicle is just one among many innovations to come out of Chinese firms that are playing a leading role in the _______ worldwide revolution in artificial intelligence

Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. He has done exposes (揭露性报道) of New York City’s welfare hotels, the over-pricing of prescription drugs, and drug abuse. In 1971, he received the Associated Press Broadcaster of the Year Award for the program Drug Crisis in East Harlem. He received the award again in 1972 for program Migrants, Dirt Cheap. His most famous expose however was done on the horrible conditions at Staten Island’s Willowbrook State School. It is the world’s largest institution for the mentally disabled. His investigation began when he and his camera crew gained access to one of the buildings. Geraldo’s emotionally charged reports exposed the unsanitary (不卫生的) conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of the patients. He cried over what he discovered, and he made his viewers cry, too. The program created a public plea for reform, and changes were made. Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York restored 20 million to the school’s slashed budget. The program Willowbrook earned him the Scripps-Howard Award, an Emmy (埃米金像奖) , and the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award. Geraldo Rivera has continued working for the mentally disabled. He founded One-to-One, a charity (慈善机构) that provides small group homes for the care of mentally disabled in the community. He hosts huge outdoor festivals for mentally disabled in New York City’s Central Park. He also wrote a book about some of the courageous people he has met as an investigative journalist. It is called A Special Kind of Courage. As he himself says, "I make no pretense (矫饰) of objectivity. But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of change. The term "One-to-One" in the third paragraph refers to______.A. an organization in the community that helps take better care of the mentally disabled B. a device that helps the mentally disabled behave themselves C. an organization that provides homes for the mentally disabled D. a hospital that helps cure the mentally disabled

There are plenty of ways to delight the bookstore customer, but few are easily monetized. It is agreed that bookstores need to become cultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk.But forcing people to pay for the privilege of potential good services could deter (震慑) shoppers altogether. A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like those offered by museums and other cultural venues (场地). A club membership could provide priority access to events like talks and literary workshops, and to a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students.Anyway, to survive and thrive, bookstores will have to work hard. They have an uphill battle in front of them, with the steepness of the slope or the size of the obstacles uncertain. Definitely, service will need to be knowledgeable and personalized, spaces well-designed and cultural events tempting. But still, the fate of bookstores, especially small independents, is a cliffhanger (悬而未决的局势).According to the passage, one privilege that members of bookstores could enjoy is that ________.A. they don’t need to pay for the events they attendB. children and students can enjoy a special discountC. they can attend any cultural events organized by the bookstoreD. they will be considered first when there are some activities

He urged donors to ________ their efforts to send aid to Somalia.A. step onB. step upC. step offD. step down

13.单选题 He ___ the challenges of the new job but remained optimistic about overcoming them with determination and effort.A. declinedB. acknowledgedC. addressedD. dismissed

The professor's lecture was filled with complex theories and technical jargon, making the content so ____ that most students struggled to understand.A. lucidB. opaqueC. explicitD. straightforward

THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY It seems like every day there is a new announcement in the news about automobiles powered by fuel cells. The promises are great, since fuel cells have the potential to very quickly double the efficiency of cars while significantly reducing air pollution. At the same time, there have been news stories for decades about the problems associated With petroleum. Everything from oil spills to ozone(臭氧) alerts to global warming gets blamed on our dependence on fossil(化石) fuels. These two forces are leading the world toward what is broadly known as the hydrogen economy. If the predictions are true, over the next several decades we will all begin to see an amazing shift away from the fossil fuel economy we have today toward a much cleaner hydrogen future.Problems with the fossil fuel economy While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create: Air pollution--When cars burn gasoline, the internal combustion engine also produces: Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog Unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone Environmental pollution--The process of transporting and storing oil has a big impact on the environment whenever something goes wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explosion or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warming―The carbon dioxide coming out of every car’’s tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventually, there will be dramatic climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. Dependence--The United States, and most other Countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to raise the price of oil, the rest of the world has little choice but to pay the higher price.Advantages of the hydrogen economy The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include: The elimination of pollution caused by fossil fuels-When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases--If the hydrogen comes from the electrolysis of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle--electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence--The elimination of oil means no dependence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production--Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and the environmental advantages of the hydrogen economy so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong.Technological Hurdles(障碍) The big question with the hydrogen economy is, "Where does the hydrogen come from " After that comes the question of transporting, distributing and storing hydrogen. Hydrogen tends to be large and tricky in its natural gaseous form. Once both of these questions are answered in an economical way, the hydrogen economy will be in place.Where does the hydrogen come from There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: Electrolysis of water--Using electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reforming fossil fuels--Oil and natural, gas contain hydrocarbons--molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The second option is, of course, slightly perverse(不正当的). You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesn’’t solve either the greenhouse gas problem or the dependence problem. However, it may be a good temporary step to take during the transition(转变) to the hydrogen economy. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Having enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating that electricity without using fossil fuels, will be the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy. Where will the electricity for the electrolysis of water come from Currently, about 68 percent of the electricity produced in the United States comes from coal or natural gas. All of that generating capacity will have to he replaced by renewable sources in the hydrogen economy. Right now there are several different ways to create electricity that do not use fossil fuels: Nuclear power Hydroelectric dams Solar cells Wind turbines Geothermal power Wave and tidal power Co-generationHow do you store and transport the hydrogen Hydrogen is a large gas of its kind, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride. Once the storage problem is solved and standardized, then a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure will have to develop around it. The main barrier to this might be the technological sorting-out process. Stations will not develop quickly until there is a storage technology that clearly dominates the marketplace. For instance, if all hydrogen-powered cars from all manufacturers used sodium borohydride, then a station network could develop quickly; that sort of standardization is unlikely to happen rapidly, if history is any guide.Prospects for the future You will hear more and more about the hydrogen economy in the news in the Coming months, because the drumbeat is growing louder. The environmental problems of the fossil fuel economy are combining with breakthroughs(突破) in fuel-cell technology, and the pairing will allow us to take the first steps, The most obvious step we will see is the marketing of fuel-cell-powered vehicles. Although they will be powered initially by gasoline and reformers, fuel cells represent two major improvements over the internal combustion engine: They are about twice as efficient. They can significantly reduce air pollution in cities.Compared with other major industrialized countries, the United States depends more heavily on oil import. A．YB．NC．NG

According to Zheng Banqiao, the "____of Heaven" is to love all living things in the world. A will B missionC way D virtue