For a long time, people have debated about whether golf is a sport. On one side of the argument, it is argued that golf meets the dictionary definition of a sport, because it is a physical, athletic activity. They add that golf is recognized as a sport by sporting goods companies, athletic groups, fans, and the media. Also, golf's inclusion in the Olympics in 2016 is more proof that it is a sport.All the following evidence is used to prove that golf is a sport EXCEPT ____.- professional training- Olympic Games- dictionary definition- media recognition

OUTLINE是什么意思?

7年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)听力原文⏺Q12: What does the man say about Ben?C)He has stopped making terrible faces.Q13: What did aunt Marry used to do when the man was a child?D)Warn him of danger by making up a story.Q14: What does the woman believe swans could do?A)They could break people’s legs.Q15: What did the grandmother of the man’s wife say?B)One would have to shave their head to remove a bat in their hair.[Passage 1]If I could go back in history and live when I liked, I wouldn't go back very far. In fact, I'd like to relive a period I've already lived – the 1960s.I was in my twenties, and everything was being renewed. People would come in out of a formal and almost Victorian attitude, and you really felt anything was possible. Meeting people was the thing, and you went to coffee bars where you met friends and spent the evening. The cinema, the theater, all that was every exciting with new things coming out. In fact, we seemed to be out, all the time! I don't really remember working – of course, I was a student – or sitting around at home very much. That just wasn't where the scene was, even eating! It was the first time, ordinary people started going out to eat. We were beginning to be adventurous about food, but we were more interested in meeting people than in eating or drinking. And dress, yes, that was the revolution. I mean, girls went around in really short skirts, and wore flowers in their hair. And men were in jeans, and could wear their hair long too. It was a wonderful period. It was like living in an age you could never have imagined, and that never has come back. We didn't have much money, but it didn't matter. And there was plenty of opportunity to do whatever you felt like doing.Q16. Why does the speaker say he would like to relive the 1960s?C)Everything seemed to be changing.Q17. What does the speaker say was the most popular thing to do at that time?A)Meeting people.Q18. What do we learn about the speaker?D)He was a young student in the 1960s.[Passage 2]Dogs, man's best friends, have a clear strategy for dealing with angry owners—they look away.New research shows that dogs limit their eye contact with angry humans. The scientists suggest this may be an attempt to calm humans down. This behavior may have evolved as dogs gradually learned they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans.To conduct the tests, the University of Helsinki researchers trained 31 dogs to rest in front of a video screen. Facial photos of dogs and humans were displayed on the screen for 1.5 seconds. They showed threatening, pleasant and neutral expressions. Nearby cameras tracked the dogs' eye movements.Dogs in the study looked most at the eyes of humans and other dogs to sense their emotions. When dogs looked at expressions of angry dogs, their eyes rested more on the mouth, perhaps to interpret the threatening expressions. And when looking at angry humans, they tended to turn away their gaze.Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi. Avoiding conflicts may have helped dogs develop better bonds with humans.The researchers also note that dogs scan faces as a whole to sense how people are feeling, instead of focusing on a given feature. They suggest this indicates that dogs aren't sensing emotions from a single feature, but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do.Q19. What do dogs do when they are faced with angry humans?B)They avoid looking at them.Q20. What does a dog do when it sees the expressions of angry dogs?C)It focuses its eyes on their mouths.Q21. How does a dog sense people's feelings?B)By taking in their facial expressions as a whole.[Passage 3]Winter in many places is very cold. There is lots of snow around, and the ground freezes, which can make life difficult for animals. People in cold places live in warm houses and have learned to adapt. What do animals do? There are three main ways that animals survive the cold in winter: sleep, adapt or migrate.Some animals, such as bears, frogs and snakes, sleep all winter. They sleep very deeply and need little or no food. While sleeping, their body temperature drops, and their heart beat slows down. To prepare for this before winter, these animals eat extra food to become fat, which gives them the energy they need while they sleep.Other animals adapt. For example, by staying active in winter. It is often hard for them to find food. So some animals, such as mice, collect extra food before winter, and hide it. When winter comes, they return to their hiding places to eat the food. Some animals grow thicker fur, or live in tree holes or underground to stay warm.Some birds migrate by flying to a warmer place for the winter, where they can find more food. Some fly very long distances, including one kind of bird that flies from the remote north of the world, all the way to the distant south. Some birds fly in groups for safety, while others fly alone.Q22. What does the speaker say about animals in winter?D)They resort to different means to survive the bitter cold.Q23. What do we learn about animals that sleep through winter?C)They consume the energy stored before the long sleep.Q24. How do animals like mice adapt to the severe winter?A)By storing enough food beforehandQ25. Why do some birds fly in groups when migrating, according to the speaker?C)To stay safe2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)听力原文[News Report 1]One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a bus in California last month. There were no injuries.It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one.On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at 2mph (3km/h), pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph (24km/h).The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode.In a statement, Google said: "We clearly bear some responsibility, because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash."That said, our test driver believed the bus was going to slow or stop to allow us to merge into the traffic, and that there would be sufficient space to do that."The company's self-driving cars have done well over a million miles across various states in the US, and until now have only reported minor accidents.Q1: According to Google, what was the cause of the accident?B)The test driver made a wrong judgement

An Arizona teen mistakenly invited to a stranger’s Thanksgiving dinner by text attended the feast after all, praising the kindly grandmother for honoring the wrong invitation. “She welcomed me into her house, so that shows me how great of a person she is,” Jamal Hinton, a 17-year-old boy, told ABC15 Arizona in Mesa. “I’m thankful for people like that.” Jamal was offered a seat at Wanda Dench’s table for Thanksgiving when she thought she was texting her grandson and his girlfriend. Jamal responded by asking for a photo to confirm if it was his own grandmother behind the text. The picture came in of a woman with blonde hair and glasses—not Jamal’s grandma. “You’re not my grandma,” Jamal replied with a laughing face. He then sent back a photo of himself to let her know he was not her grandson. But even though it was a mistake, Dench upheld the invitation and Jamal happily accepted. Jamal shared a Thanksgiving Day photo of him and Dench on his Twitter page. The photo was seen and shared 37,000 times.1.What did the 17-year-old boy receive before Thanksgiving?A) A present from his grandma.B) An invitation from a stranger.C) A text from his girlfriend.D) A photo from his grandma.2.What did the boy do when he found there was a mistake?A) He sent back a photo of himself.B) He couldn’t help laughing at it.C) He turned down the invitation.D) He shared the text on Twitter.

Most people assume that the human brain is set on "automatic"—that means it learns all by itself.But this isn't always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called "active learning".I suggest doing four things to take an active role in your learning.Listen to the outer voice There are two kinds of voices：the inner voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Although your inner voice can be useful，it can also get in the way of learning.If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.Instead，active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/ write is saying，not on what their brain is saying in the background.In this way，they are in a better position to make decisions.Ask questions Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.When you get information from someone，from books or the Internet，ask two，three，even five question about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short：Do not stop being curious.Get to the truth Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from？Do they have enough data to support their views？If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.Focus on the message Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/ writer is.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people —this is human nature，after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on firs impressions or personal feelings.Instead，they separate the message from the message.This goes the other way as well---do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.（1）Which of the following is TRUE about inner voice and outer voice？ ____ A.Your inner voice is useless，and always gets in the way of learning.B.Your inner voice is what you think.C.The outer voice usually is what your brain is saying.D.The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.（2）According to Paragraph 3 what do you know about asking questions？ ____ A.sking questions will lead you to further learning.B.Asking questions won't make you more motivated to learn.C.Asking questions facilitates active learning.D.Asking questions will stop you from being curious..（3）According to Paragraph 4，an active learner ____ .A.won't find out the source of an ideaB.is-willing to accept everything they learnC.believes that dinosaurs still exist todayD.always tries to find the truth at the core of every opinion（4）What do we learn about from Paragraph 5？ ____ A.We should try our best to like people we don't like.B.We often ignore what the author says.C.Active learners judge people based on personal feelings.D.The person we like may not always be right.（5）What is the author's purpose in writing this passage？ ____ A.To offer some tips on how to learn actively.B.To advise us to listen to the outer voice.C.To help us get to the truth.D.To share his learning experience.

Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.   Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.   Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.Now, more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.   One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S.workers won’t be returning to the farm.   In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, “There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state.This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.   Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least.Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor.Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.   As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.   In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap.It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups.More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.   And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships.Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.   The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.   Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south.   According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural munities that might have benefited didn’t.   In effect, the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.第31题What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S. B. biased laws in favor of some American businesses. C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers. D. decline of job opportunities in US agriculture. E. 参考答案: C 您的答案: 未作答

When the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping established Shenzhen as the first of the country's special economic zones in 1978,the "city" was nothing more than a(n) 1_____ of small,relatively poor fishing villages 2_____ in the shadow of the much-wealthier Hang Kong 30 kilometers to its south.In the forty years since,the young city has experienced a(n) 3_____ level of economic growth and modernization,transforming itself 4_____ agricultural outpost with fewer than 30,000 5_____ into a global megalopolis with more than 13 million population.Shenzhen stands as a(n) 6_____ to China's remarkable change in fortune,and a witness to the 7_____ of achievements of Deng Xiaoping's 8_____ economic policies . The young city has further served as a model for the 9_____ and modernization of cities throughout China.The economic prosperity of the region has attracted millions 10_____ millions of 11_____ workers who find jobs in construction or manufacturing and 12_____ of people with a high level of education who work in some of China's biggest 13_____ companies.The Pearn River Delta of the Guangdong Province which 14_____ the cities of Shenzhen,Macau and Guangzhou,was the first 15_____ World throughout the 80s and 90s,16_____ producing labor-intensive goods such as textiles and plastics,before 17_____ to the more profitable production of 18_____ electronic goods.Now the Pearl River Delta has come to be known 19_____ as the Greater Bay Area,and is now 20_____ for the manufacturing of 90% of the world's electronic goods . 1. A . mouthful B . handful C . few D . sum2 . A . laying B . bathing C . resting D . locating 3 . A . unprecedented B . sustainable C . unexpected D . steady 4 . A . with B . by C . as D . from 5 . A . inhabitants B . citizens C . neighbourhoods D . communities 6 . A . triumph B . lesson C . monument D . momentum 7 . A . clusters B . multitude C . avalanche D . collection 8 . A . transient B . transparent C . transitional D.transformative 9 . A . urbanization B . innovation C . revolution D . evolution 10 . A . beyond B . after C . over D . upon 11 . A . efficient B . migrant C . educated D . skilled 12 . A . majority B . quantity C . plenty D . most 13 . A . tech B . commercial C . financial D . economical 14 . A . composes B . institutes C . forms D . comprises 15 . A . patch B . abyss C . region D . member 16 . A . eventually B . initially C . fundamentally D . ultimately 17 . A . transitioning B . transplanting C . transporting D . transmitting 18 . A . client B . customer C . consumption D . consumer 19 . A . noticeably B . conspicuously C . collectively D . distinctively 20.A.chargingB.responsibleC.notableD.representative

Three decades ago leukemia was mostly _ , while now, over half of the leukemia cases could be cured.()A. crucialB. lethalC. vagueD. ethical

Section B-|||-Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten staiements anached to it. Each statement-|||-contains information give in one of the paragraphs. Idenslfy the paragraph from which the information is-|||-derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Annwer-|||-the questions by marking the corresponding on Answer Sheet 2.-|||-Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guldelines to Good Life-|||-A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged b threats and uncertainties from-|||-wurs,terrorism, cconomic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes,according-|||-to a new book The 10 Golden Rules:Anclent Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The-|||-book is co authored by Long Island University`s philo professor Michael Souplos and economics professor-|||-Panos Mourdoukoutas.-|||-B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless,says Soupios. The philosophy professor says as-|||-relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago."There is no expiration (失效)date on wisdom,"-|||-he says."There is no shelf life on intelligence. I t that things have become very gloomy these days,lots of-|||-misunderstanding,misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophisrry(论辩).The nice-|||-thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole,, in a way-|||-that we tend not to see life today."-|||-Examine your life-|||-C) Soupios,along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas,devel 10 golden rules by turning to the men-|||-behind that philosopy-Ari Socrates,Epictetus and Pythagoras,among others.The first rule-examine-|||-your life-is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato`s-|||-observation that the unexamined life is not worth living."The Greeks are always concemed sbout boxing-|||-themselves in,in terms of comvictions(倍念),"he says."So take a step back,switch off the automatic pilot and-|||-actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities,our values, and our relationships."-|||-Stop worrying about what you can not control-|||-D)As we begin to examine our life,Soupios says,we come to Rule No.2:Worry only about things that you can-|||-control."The individual w promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher.His name is Epictetus," h says."And-|||-what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life.You are not really going to be able to-|||-understand all of the dimensions of this plan.You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan."-|||-E)So,Soupios explains,it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectua and spiritual energy worrying about-|||-things that are beyond our control."I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu,for-|||-example,"he says."I mean,there are some cautious steps I can take,but ultimately I can not guarantee myself-|||-that.So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and-|||-irrational. You should you`re your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely-|||-control."-|||-Seek true pleasure-|||-F) To have a meaningful, life we need friends. But according to Aristotle-a student of Plato and teacher of-|||-Alexander the Great-most relationships don`t quali as true friendships.Just because I have a business-|||-relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship,it does not necessarily mean that this person-|||-is my friend." Soupios says."Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beauti and-|||-unchar acteristically poetic ima that Aristotle offers."-|||-G)In our pursuit of the good life,he says,it is important to seek out true pleasures-advice which was originally-|||-offered by Epicurus.But unlike the modem definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence (i)线) at an lu-|||-for the ancient Greeks,it meant finding a state of calm,peace and mental ease.-|||-H)"This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans." Soup-|||-says."This is something that is very much well worth considering herein the modem era. I do not think that we-|||-spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental-|||-and spiritual way,which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure."-|||-Do good to others-|||-I) Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves,to avold excess and not to be a prosperous (发迹的)fool-|||-There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationshi a responsible human being and do not do evil-|||-things to others.-|||-"This is Hesiod,of course,a younger contemporary poet,we believe,with Homer,"Soupios says."Hesiod-|||-offers an idea-which you very often find in some of the world`s great religions, the Judeo-Christian tradition-|||-and in Islarn and others-that in some sense, when you hurt another human being,you hurt yourself. That-|||-damaging other people in your community and in your life,trashing relationships, r in a kind of self-inflicted-|||-(自己招致的)spiritual wound."-|||-K)Instead,Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness-|||-toward others tends to be rewarded.-|||-L)"This is Aesop,the fabulist(寓言家),the man of these charming little tales,often told in terms of animals and-|||-animal relationships,"he says."I think what Acsop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another-|||-human being,one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you,the doer of the-|||-good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed,at the very least,the doer of-|||-the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spirinully cnlightened-|||-M)Soupios says following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life-|||-where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings.And that,he notes, is a life-|||-worth living.-|||-36.According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is imposs for us to understand every aspect of our life.-|||-37.Ancient philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today.-|||-38.Not all your business partners are your soul mates.-|||-39.We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.-|||-40.The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits.-|||-41.How to achieve mental calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today.-|||-42.Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life-|||-43.Ancicmt philosophers stro that we do good.-|||-44.The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless,and are applicable to contemporary life.-|||-45.Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.

You are supposed to obtain all the certificates to beat all the competitors and get the job.A. 你料想已经取得了所有证书来赢得所有竞争并获取这份工作。B. 你应当获取所有证书来击败所有竞争对手并获取这份工作。C. 你料想已经取得了所有证书来获取这份极具竞争性的工作。D. 你应当获取所有证书来击败你在工作中遇到的所有竞争。