What is the man going to do?A. Apply to an American university.B. Do research on higher education.C. Perform in a famous musical.D. Pursue postgraduate studies.

This project has ______ so much of her time and energy that she needs a rest after finishing it.A. generated.B. consumed.C. saved.D. reduced.

HIV AIDS AIDS has now surpassed the Black Death on its course to become the worst pandemic in human history. At the end of 2004, 20 million people had been killed by it, and twice that number is currently infected with HIV. Barring a medical breakthrough, it could claim the lives of some 60 million people by 2015. AIDS exerts a terrible toll on societies, crippling their economies, decimating their labor forces and orphaning their children. Nine out of 10 people living with HIV are in the developing world; 60 to 70% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. But the disease is spreading in every region, with fierce epidemics threatening to tear through countries such as India, China, Russia and the islands of the Caribbean. The statistics are sobering ― in some Southern African towns 44% of pregnant women are HIV positive, in Botswana 37% of people carry the virus.Immune assassin The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus―a virus built of RNA instead of more typical DNA. It attacks the very cells of the immune system that should be protecting the body against it ―F lymphocytes and other white blood cells with CD4 receptors on their surfaces. The virus uses the CD4 receptor to bind with and thereby enter the lymphocyte. HIV then integrates itself into the cell’s own DNA, turning the cell into a virus-generating factory. The new viruses break free, destroying the cell, then move on to attack other lymphocytes. HIV kills by slowly destroying the immune system. Several weeks after initial infection, flu-like symptoms are experienced. Then the immune system kicks-in, and the virus mostly retreats into hiding within lymph tissues. The untreated, infected individual usually remains healthy for 5 to 15 years, but the virus continues to replicate in the background, slowly obliterating the immune system. Eventually the body is unable to defend itself and succumbs to overwhelming opportunistic infections that rarely affect healthy people. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the name given to this final stage of HIV infection, and is characterized by multiple, life-threatening illnesses such is weight loss, chronic diarrheoa, rare cancers, pneumonia, fungal conditions and infections of the brain and eye. Tuberculosis has become especially prevalent in AIDS victims.Natural born killer Genetic analyses hint that ancestral primate HIV may have been born a million years ago when a chimpanzee virus hybridized (杂交) with a related monkey variety. However researchers believe it was not until the 1930s that this jumped to humans eating chimp meat in Central Africa. That variety became HIV-1 ― the most widespread type. A second type, HIV-2, restricted to West Africa, was probably contracted in the 1960s from monkey meat. Another theory was that the AIDS pandemic was accidentally started by doctors testing a polio vaccine in the 1950s―detailed in Edward Hooper’s book The River ― but this has been severely criticized by other researchers. AIDS must have been circulating in the US and Africa during the 1970s. But it was not recognized until 1981 when young gay men and injecting drug users, in New York and California, started to be diagnosed with both an unusual skin cancer called Kaposi’s sarcoma, and lethal pneumonias. By the end of that year 121 people in the US had died ― that number would rise to 17,000 over the next six years. Government scientists predicted that the mysterious immune-debilitating illness was due to an infectious agent. In 1984 that agent was identified as HIV by Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, and Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute in Washington DC, US. Soon after the appearance of AIDS in the US, the disease was detected in Europe too and epidemics affecting heterosexual men and women sprang up at an alarming rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today one in five people in that region are living with the virus. AIDS epidemics also threaten to devastate the world’s most populous nations ― India and China ― if action is not taken to bring them under control. Defensive measures HIV is found in body fluids such as: blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. It can be passed on through penetrative sex, oral sex and sharing contaminated needles when injecting street drugs or in hospitals. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding ― though many children escape infection. HIV cannot be passed on through kissing, coughing, mosquito bites or touching. Health authorities are focusing on prevention as a key method to limit the spread of the epidemic. Educational programs preach abstinence from sex, monogamy and safer sex using condoms, as ways to protect against infection. Many countries give away free condoms and offer needle exchange programs to try and limit transmission among injecting drug users. Microbicides in the form of creams that prevent transmission of HIV may soon offer another method of protection. A vaccine, as an alternative method to prevent HIV infection, may still be many years away. This is partly because the virus mutates so rapidly. A vaccine may not only have to prime antibodies to attack the virus (the way most vaccines work) but might also need to increase T-cell production. Vaccine trial; have been undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, the US and Thailand ― though most have yet to yield promising results. Controversial vaccines made from the blood of HIV carriers, have been tested is Nigeria and Thailand.Anti-retroviral cocktails There is no cure for AIDS, but a range of drugs―some of which have unpleasant side-effects―are available to slow, its progress. Other drugs are used to treat opportunistic infections or AIDS symptoms. Even some herbal treatments have been investigated. Most anti-HIV drugs aim at stalling viral replication. Nucleoside analogues such as AZT (zidovudine) and also non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂), attack the action of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. This prevents it from creating functional DNA which would otherwise integrate into the DNA of infected cells. A third class block protease, an enzyme essential for generating functional virus particles. Protease inhibitors are the most effective of the three types of drugs, and AIDS mortality fell dramatically in the US when they were first licensed during the late 1990s. Fusion inhibitors are a newer type of drug that work by stopping HIV from binding with CD4 receptors that it uses to enter cells. Drugs that block another enzyme, integrase (整合酶), are also under development. AIDS drugs are often administered in combination cocktails of three or more kinds simultaneously, as this helps slow the rate at which HIV develops resistance to drugs. But the virus is able to evolve rapidly and can eventually outpace the drugs if treatment regimens are not followed rigorously. Though drugs are widely available in Western countries, their expense means they are unavailable to the vast majority of AIDS sufferers. International bodies are working towards widening access to treatment in the developing world. Some companies in countries such as India and Thailand are now producing cheap generic copies of drugs.Staggering toll The economic and social burden of AIDS exerts a great toll on developing nations in addition to that exerted by mortality itself. AIDS is hindering development and leading to negative population growth in some of the most seriously affected nations, such as Botswana. This excessive AIDS mortality is causing a great demographic shift, wiping out young adults in the prime of their lives. This leaves children orphaned, and is destroying workforces and economies. Some predict that 50 million children in Sub-Saharan Africa will have been orphaned by 2010. The labor forces of 38 AIDS ravaged countries will be up to 35% smaller by 2020, because of AIDS. The effect of AIDS on agricultural communities in Southern Africa is even leading to food shortages. Social stigma and discrimination is yet another problem for many AIDS sufferers, especially in Asian nations.In order to limit the spread of the epidemic, health authorities are______. A. focusing on prevention B. making efforts to develop vaccinesC. trying to find cure D. forbidding people to eat chimp meat

18)With competition heating up,designers constantly add new features to their latest _ to set them apart from the competitionA. gadgetsB. gainsC. guidesD. gorges

题号:1______ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.选项a、Itb、 Asc、 Thatd、 What题号:2The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ______ completely选项a、turned downb、 put outc、 put awayd、 turned over题号:3I don’t ______ rock ‘n’ roll.It’s much too noisy for my ears.选项a、go afterb、 go away withc、 go intod、 go in for题号:4Believe it or not,the old couple has ______ all their children.选项a、survivedb、 conflictedc、 exhaustedd、 outgrown题号:5Do you have any ____ explanation to the matter?选项a、furtherb、longerc、fartherd、far题号:6As _____ my request,my father sent me a check of 500,only half the money I badly neede选项a、a response forb、 a response toc、 respond tod、 respond for题号:7Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.选项a、runb、 runningc、 being rund、 to run题号:8Several weeks had gone by ______ I realized the painting was missing.选项a、asb、 beforec、 sinced、 that题号:9I didn’t forget the book because my wife ____ me to bring it.选项a、recalledb、mentionedc、remindedd、remembered题号:10I was ____ at the opportunity to spend some time in the country.选项a、disappointedb、delightedc、frightenedd、pleasant题号:11It was _____ of you to let your ten-year-old son drive your car.选项a、absurdb、 surprisedc、 reasonabled、 interesting题号:12I often go to the English corner to have a free talk with my classmates ____ I am busy.选项a、except thatb、 except forc、 except whend、 except题号:13It was ______ back home after the experiment.选项a、not until midnight did he gob、 until midnight that he didn’t goc、 not until midnight that he wentd、 until midnight when he didn’t go题号:14______ you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.选项a、Thoughb、 Whetherc、 Untild、 Unless题号:15The old man,______ abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherlan选项a、to workb、 workingc、 to have workedd、 having worked题号:16Too strong a desire for money may _____ a person to be dishonest.选项a、interestb、 temptc、 attractd、 make题号:17They were all ____ that his plan was realistic and so they decided to accept his proposal.选项:a、believedb、convincedc、realizedd、supposed题号:18Without a sufficient amount of evidence,no justifiable ______ can be drawn.选项a、reasonb、 agreementsc、 sourcesd、 conclusions题号:19To keep healthy,Professor Johnson ______ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retire选项a、took upb、 caught onc、 carried outd、 made for

A) They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.B) It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.C) It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D) They have seen this many times in old films.22. A) To irritate them.B) To teach them a lesson.C) To relieve her feelings.D) To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong.B) Having committed armed robbery.C) Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A) He said not a single word during the entire flight.B) He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.C) He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.25. A) Give him a lift.B) Find Alfred Foster.C) Check the passenger list.D) Search all suspicious cars..Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only onece. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) They think travelhas become a trend.B) Thet think travel gives them their money's worth.C) They find many of the banks untrustworthy.D) They lack the expertise to make capital investments.27. A) Lower their prices to attract more customers.B) Introduce travel packages for young travelers.C) Design programs targeted at retired couples.D) Launch a new program of adventure trips.28. A) The role of travel agents.B) The way people travel.C) The number of last-minute bookings.D) The prices of polar expeditions.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The old stereotypes about men and women.B) The changing roles played by men and women.C) The division of labor between men and women.D) The widespread prejudice against women.30. A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.B) Ask questions that often lead to controversy.C) Speak loudly enough to attract attention.D) Raise issues on behalf of women.31. A) To prove that she could earn her living as a gardener.B) To show that women are more hardworking than men.C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do.D) To prove that she was really irritated with her husband.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Covering major events of the day in the city.B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.D) Writing articles on family voilence.33. A) It is a much safer place than it used to be.B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.C) Assaults often happen on school campuses.D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.34. A) There are a wide range of cases.B) They are very destructive.C) There has been a rise in such crimes.D) They have aroused fear among the residents.35. A) Write about something pleasant.B) Do some research on local politics.C) Offer help to crime victims.D) Work as a newspaper editor.Section CDirections：In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carfully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are requied to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally ,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it's picking one of 31 ice cream (36) ______ or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us (37) ______ , unhappy-even paralyzed with indecision.That's (38) ______ true when it comes to the work place, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human (39) ______ . Students are graduating with a (40) ______ skills and interests, but often find themselves (41) ______ when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal.In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their (42) ______ year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting (43) ______ and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups: "maximizers" who consider every possible option, and "satisficers" who look until they find an option that is good enough.You might expect that the student (44) ______________________________ But it turns out that's not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren't as happy with their decision.The reason (45) ______________________________ When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, (46) ____________________________________.【参考答案】36.flavors37.confused38.particularly39.behavior40.variety41.overwhelmed42.senior43.strategies44.who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision45.why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities46.a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one careerPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios:It's late in the day. That front page package you've been working on is nearly complete;one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do?The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequenses. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.Here is another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter,but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for howand reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if…?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned town?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process？Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if…?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47. Instead of directly saying to your boss, you should find out __________.48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the _________ to her and offer an alternative solution.50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it isup a system for stories to ___________.51. People who learn to anticipate "What if…?" situations will be able toreach understanding and avoid _____________.【参考答案】47 what is in her mind;48 challenging her authority;49 consequences;50 be proposed and reviewed;51 confontationsSection BDirections:________.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the train that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers—meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.

单选题A. Countless tree limbs.B. A few skeletons.C. Lots of wrecked boats and ships.D. Millions of coins on the bottom.

【题文】Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.【小题1】What does the passage mainly discuss?A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.C．Responses from the medical world.D．How to use the mind against disease.【小题2】What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.【小题3】The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that.A．the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without itB．the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cellsC．the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changedD．the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them【小题4】It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to.A．help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseasesB．help the patients with chronic diseasesC．help change some bad habitsD．help cure patients of insomnia【小题5】According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?A．The value of mental therapy.B．The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.C．The working principle of suggestion therapy.D．The importance of psychology in medical treatment.

Given the ________ of the climate crisis and the urgency of addressing it, it is imperative that the world cut its greenhouse gas emissions to a much lower level.A. difficultyB. securityC. sincerityD. severity

5."As long as I am here, I won`t letthe child s __-|||-(受苦),"she said.