It has probably happened to you: You are in a meeting, but your boss is totally distracted by their phone — drawn away by the latest ping of an email or text message, or scrolling a news feed. The phenomenon is called boss phubbing," which is when a supervisor snubs (冷落) an employee in favor of his mobile phone when they are meeting. And two researchers of marketing at Baylor University have found that this behavior undermines trust and engagement in the workplace.Their research drew on survey responses from 413 supervisors and employees. The participants were asked to respond to statements that measured degrees of boss phubbing. The researchers found that boss phubbing negatively impacts employees' trust in their supervisor, which in turn negatively affects the employee's feeling that their work is meaningful, that they have the necessary resources to do their job, and that they are in a safe working environment. All this in turn leads to decreased employee engagement and productivity.Employees who experience boss phubbing, they wrote, "are less likely to feel that their work is valuable to their own professional growth." In addition, "employees who work under the supervision of an untrusted, phubbing supervisor tend to have lower confidence in their own ability to carry out their job, which negatively impacts engagement."

Que.br>s.ions 11 to 13 are base. on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.According to today’s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather A．Scandinavian mountains.B．Northwestern Europe.C．Northern Europe.D．Southern Europe.

A new study has drawn a bleak picture of cultural inclusiveness reflected in the children‘s literature available in Australia.Dr.Helen Adam from Edith Cowan University’s School of Education26_ the cultural diversity of children’s books. She examined the books27_in the kindergarten rooms of four daycare centers in Western Australia. Just 18 percent of 2413 books in the total collection contained any 28_of non-white people.Minority cultures were often featured in stereotypical or tokenistic ways,for example, by29_ Asian culture with chopsticks and traditional dress.Characters that did represent a minority culture usually had30 _ roles in the books. The main characters were mostly Caucasian.This causes concern as it can lead to an impression that whiteness is of greater value.Dr. Adam said children formed impressions about “difference”and identity from a very young age. Evidence has shown they develop ownrace31 _from as young as three months of age.The books we share with young children can be a valuable opportunity to develop children’s understanding of themselves and others. Books can also allow children to see diversity.They discover both similarities and differences between themselves and others.This can help develop understanding, acceptance and32_of diversity.Census data has shown Australians come from more than 200 countriesThey speak over 300languages at home.Additionally,Australians belong to more than 100 different religious groups. They also work in more than 1000 different occupations“Australia is a multicultural society.The current33 _promotion of white middleclass ideas and lifestyles risks34_children from minority groups. This can give white middleclass children a sense of35_or privilege,” Dr. Adam said.A)alienating(separating) B)appreciation C) bias (prejudice) D) fraud (cheating)E) housed (kept or reserved) F)investigated(examined)G) overwhelming (massive or prevailing) H) portraying(describing or depicting) I)representation (embodiment)J) safeguarded (protected or defended) K) secondary (minor or subordinating) L) superiority

({B)}TEXT B({/B)} A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly serf-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order. By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.The following statements are true about the folk culture EXCEPT ______. A．there is a well established family or clan structureB．relationships between people are strongC．tradition is dominant and changes are slow and do not often take placeD．division of labour among the people is usually distinct, especially between sexes

My husband and I booked a ten-day tour of China with ABC Tour. It was an excellent experience. Everything was so well organized that I never had to 20 anything. The group was small and it felt like we were a big group of old-friends all 21 , not just passengers on the bus. I was very happy with how well-informed each guide was, how flexible they were to 22 we all had a great time. Our trip to China was 23 . We will definitely 24 ABC Tour when we return to China for yet another visit.1、 2、 3、 4、 5、

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring （指导）, and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM （Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics） fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too."Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: 'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,' but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind."Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation."We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level." Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A.There are many more men applying than women.B.Chances for women to get the positions are scare.C.More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D.Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A.Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B.Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C.Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D.Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A.They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B.They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C.They provide objective information without exaggeration.D.They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A.They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B.They invited women professionals to edit them.C.They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D.They deleted all information about gender.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A.Raise recommendation writers' awareness of gender bias in their letters.B.Open up fresh avenues for women post—doctors to join in research work.C.Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D.Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.

12题选（）。A. We are running out of natural resources soonB. Only combined efforts can make a differenceC. The waste problem will eventually hurt all of usD. All of us can actually benefit from recycling

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.-|||-1.A)She is attracted to the beauty of modern buildings.-|||-B)She is preoccupied with her dream to be an architect.-|||-C)She is influenced by her father who teaches architecture.-|||-D)She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.-|||-2.A)Through hard work. C)By studying the subject online.-|||-B)With the professor`s help. D)By taking prerequisite courses.-|||-3.A)It is groundbreaking. C)It is immaterial.-|||-B) It is long-lasting. D)It is immortal.-|||-4.A)Economics. C)Computer science.-|||-B)Philosophy. D)Western art.

I don’t know the reason ______ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. because; whichD. of which; that

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-16.A)They are quite friendly to humans. C)They are unafraid of humans.-|||-B)They are shrinking in numbers. D)They are especially fond of garbage.-|||-17.A)It is strictly forbidden C)It is a gesture of human generosity.-|||-B)It is an uncommon sight D)It is allowed only in certain areas.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.-|||-16.A)They are quite friendly to humans. C)They are unafraid of humans.-|||-B)They are shrinking in numbers. D)They are especially fond of garbage.-|||-17.A)It is strictly forbidden C)It is a gesture of human generosity.-|||-B)It is an uncommon sight D)It is allowed only in certain areas.