37.填空题写出下列词汇的中英文表示appraisal_， 其动词形式_第1空：请填入答案第2空：请填入答案

阅读理解-------C If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon. 　　Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. 　　With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. 　　Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.) 　　Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed I some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. 　　Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head. 　　The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. 　　Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.” 36. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________. 　　A. why certain people age sooner than others B. how to make people live longer 　　C. the size of certain people’s brains D. which people are most intelligent 37. On what are their research findings based? 　　A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan. B. Tests performed on a thousand old people. 　　C. The study of brain volumes of different people D. The latest development of computer technology. 38. The doctor’s test show that ________. 　　A. our brains shrink as we grow older B. the front section of the brain does not shrink 　　C. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds 　　D. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s. 39. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means ________. 　　A. something to be considered B. branches of knowledge studied 　　C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment 　　D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler. 40. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others? 　　A. Lawyers. B. Farmers. C. Clerks. D. Shop assistants.

The primary objective of performance ______ is to motivate employees.A. checkB. reviewC. examD. estimate

Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt―and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.More than 20% overspent their income by more than ＄100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it’s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.Although many young people blame “socializing” as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back ＄20 drinks in trendy (时尚的) lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条) they bought a decade earlier.A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they’re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards.”Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”What is the main idea of the first paragraph A．Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B．Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C．Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.D．The American credit card system is under criticism.

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)， C.and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. A growing number of U. S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s，cheaper options and longer- lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept. Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U. S. market has grown to 263 ,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year. The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004，the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales. But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U. s. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York- based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C.，and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost 2 for 30 minutes. The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (踏板)to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki .“When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike.” Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that U. S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike. Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he lI make an ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't their thing," Cocalis said.“Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills. ”1. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A.Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B.They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.C.They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D.Their widespread use is attributable to people s environmental awareness.2. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?A.Updated technology of bike manufacture.B.The falling prices of ebike batteries.C.Changed fashion in short-distance travel.D.The rising costs for making electric cars.3. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?A.More will be invested in bike battery research.B.The sales of ebikes will increase.C.It will profit from ebike sharing.D.It will make a difference in people's daily lives.4. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?A.Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.B.High profits from conventional bikes.C.Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.D.His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.5. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A.The further lowering of ebike prices.B.The public's concern for their health.C.The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D.The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.

A)proposal E)protective I) revlewing M)discovered-|||-B) lssue F)negative J) assigned N)associated-|||-C)developing G) fight K)risk O) potential-|||-D)stored H) collection L) found-|||-Being fat is bad for you.On that,almost everyone agrees. It is just possible,though, that almost everyone is wrong.In fact,getting fat may be a-|||-mechanism that protects the body. The health problems 1 with fatness may not be caused by It but be another-|||-consequence, another symp of overeating-|||-That Is the heretical(异端邪说的) 2 of Roger Unger and Philipp Scherer.They have been 3 hu-|||-science of what has come to be known as metabollc syndrome(代谢综合症).This Is a host of symptoms such as high blood pressure, lnsulin (周喝-|||-素)resistance and fatness that seem to Increase the 4 of heart disease and strokes and liver disease,Metabolic syndrome is-|||- 5 In one-sixth of the American population.-|||-"Syndrome" is the medical term for a 6 of symptoms whose common cause is not propenly understood.The syinplom of-|||-metabolic syndrome that appears first is usually fatness,so this Is generally regarded as the 7 cause-|||-Dr.Unger and Dr.Scherer,however,turn this logic on its head.They point out that there Is usually a perlod of many yeare between a person-|||-becoming overweight and h 8 other symploms.If the growth of the body cells was dlrectly harmful that would not be the-|||-case.This is one of the lines of evidence that has led them to the conclusion that, in addition to its role in storing energy as a way to-|||- 9 against future famine,getting fat is a 10 mechanism against metabol syndrome

“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.” Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly of unwillingly. Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature （文学） focused on the role of a father. It is argued by some writers that the transition （转化） to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative （革新性的） adaptation （适应） , on the other hand , the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household. 1 ． According to the author, being a father ________. A ． brings a feeling of excitement to some men B ． makes some men feel proud and others uneasy C ． has a different meaning for those who have daughters D ． means nothing but more responsibilities 2 ． It is stated in the passage that ________. A ． young couples do not like children at all B ． some parents are not prepared to have a child C ． working couples do not have much time to take care of their children D ． many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child 3 ． In the third paragraph, the author ________. A ． criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children B ． excuses the American writers for ignoring （忽视） the difficulties of being a father C ． supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family D ． complains （抱怨） about the lack or social program to help husbands get used to the role of a father 4 ． The transition to the mother’s role requires that the wife ________. A ． change her life style in a highly innovative way B ． stay at home to take care of the baby C ． make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation D ． help her husband in his resocialization process 5 ． Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, ________. A ． have an easier job to do B ． have to make more difficult adaptations C ． have to shoulder more burdens D ． can usually do a better job

When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with（担负着） unbearable levels of debt' the conversation is almost always about student loan debt． But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting that today's young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt and that many of them will take this debt to their graves（坟墓）． More than 20% overspent their income by more than ﹩100 every single month． Since they haven't built up their credit histories yet， it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt． Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money， most of them aren't purchasing ﹩20 drinks in trendy bars． They're struggling with much more daily financial demands． To a disturbingly large extent， the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday． This obviously isn't permanent in the long run， and it's going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years， because they'll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti （意式面条）they bought a decade earlier． A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups， and that they're slower at paying it off． "If what we found continues to hold true， we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future'" warns Lucia Dunn， professor of economics at Ohio State． "If our findings persist， we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can't pay off their credit cards．" Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt． "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not plenty to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life which could have loss impacts for the credit card issuing banks，"（1）What is the main idea of the first paragraph？ ____ A． Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts．B． Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life．C． Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans．D． The American credit card system is under criticism．（2）Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt？ ____ A． They tend to forget about the deadlines．B． They haven't developed a credit history．C． They are often unable to pay back in time．D． They are inexperienced in managing money．（3）What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet？ ____ A． It will place an unnecessary burden on society．B． It will give them no motivation to work hard．C． It will exert psychological pressure on them．D． It will affect their future spending power．（4）What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn？ ____ A． They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate．B． They may experience a financial crisis in their old age．C． Their quality of life will be affected．D． Their credit cards may be cancelled．（5）What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks？ ____ A． They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending．B． They lose large numbers of their regular clients．C． Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death．D． Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then．

10. Their goals were ____ the company's mission, ensuring a harmonious pursuit of success for them and the organization.A. aligned ofB. aligned withC. aligned inD. aligned to

When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are burdened with unbearable levels of debt，the conversation is almost always about student loan debt.But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting that today's young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt—and that many of them will take this debt to their graves. More than 20% over spent their income by more than ﹩100 every single month.Since they haven't built up their credit histories yet，it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt. Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money，most of then aren't knocking back ﹩20 drinks in trendy （时尚的）lounges.They're struggling with much more daily financial demands. To a disturbingly large extent，the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next pay day.This obviously isn't sustainable in the long run，and it's going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years，because they'll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti they bought a decade earlier. A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups，and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true，we may have more elderly people with lots of financial problems in the future，" warns Lucia Dunn，professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings continue to exist，we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can't pay off their credit cards." Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life，which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.（1）What is the main idea of the first paragraph？ ____ A.Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B.Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C.redit cards are doing more harm than student loans.D.The American credit card system is under criticism.（2）Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt？ ____ A.They tend to forget about the deadlines.B.They haven't developed a credit history.C.They are often unable to pay back in time.D.They are inexperienced in managing money.（3）What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks？ ____ A.They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.B.They lose large numbers of their regular clients.C.Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.D.Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.