题目
The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become． But can artificial intelligence （AI） machines act ethically， meaning can they be honest and fair？ One example of AI is driverless cars． They are already on California roads， so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically． As driverless cars improve， they will save lives． They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do． Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives． Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？ Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars， but they are not super-intelligent beings． Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge． About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph， Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn． The software， named Taylor， was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24． Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received． She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations， but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas． When she started saying nice things about Hitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages． AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time． This should be a warning to us． It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals． It is something very different to use AI in the real world． The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem． Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google， which own AlphaGo． He thinks AI will be positive for humans． He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome． Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and "just better human beings．"（1）What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory？ ____ A． Computers will prevail（战胜） over human beings．B． Computers have unmatched potential．C． Computers are man's potential rivals．D． Computers can become highly intelligent．（2）What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically？ ____ A． They are capable of predicting possible risks．B． They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision．C． They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas．D． They sacrifice everything to save human lives．（3）What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？ ____ A． How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings．B． How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically．C． How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans．D． How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines．（4）What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor？ ____ A． She could not distinguish good from bad．B． She could turn herself off when necessary．C． She was not made to handle novel situations．D． She was good at performing routine tasks．（5）What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？ ____ A． It will be far superior to human beings．B． It will keep improving as time goes by．C． It will prove to be valuable to human beings．D． It will be here to stay whatever the outcome．
The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become．
But can artificial intelligence （AI） machines act ethically， meaning can they be honest and fair？
One example of AI is driverless cars． They are already on California roads， so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically． As driverless cars improve， they will save lives． They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do． Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives． Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars， but they are not super-intelligent beings． Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge．
About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph， Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn． The software， named Taylor， was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24． Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received． She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations， but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas． When she started saying nice things about Hitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages．
AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time． This should be a warning to us． It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals． It is something very different to use AI in the real world． The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem．
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google， which own AlphaGo． He thinks AI will be positive for humans． He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome． Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and "just better human beings．"
（1）What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory？ ____
A． Computers will prevail（战胜） over human beings．
B． Computers have unmatched potential．
C． Computers are man's potential rivals．
D． Computers can become highly intelligent．
（2）What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically？ ____
A． They are capable of predicting possible risks．
B． They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision．
C． They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas．
D． They sacrifice everything to save human lives．
（3）What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？ ____
A． How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings．
B． How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically．
C． How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans．
D． How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines．
（4）What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor？ ____
A． She could not distinguish good from bad．
B． She could turn herself off when necessary．
C． She was not made to handle novel situations．
D． She was good at performing routine tasks．
（5）What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？ ____
A． It will be far superior to human beings．
B． It will keep improving as time goes by．
C． It will prove to be valuable to human beings．
D． It will be here to stay whatever the outcome．
But can artificial intelligence （AI） machines act ethically， meaning can they be honest and fair？
One example of AI is driverless cars． They are already on California roads， so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically． As driverless cars improve， they will save lives． They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do． Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives． Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars， but they are not super-intelligent beings． Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge．
About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph， Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn． The software， named Taylor， was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24． Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received． She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations， but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas． When she started saying nice things about Hitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages．
AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time． This should be a warning to us． It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals． It is something very different to use AI in the real world． The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem．
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google， which own AlphaGo． He thinks AI will be positive for humans． He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome． Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and "just better human beings．"
（1）What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory？ ____
A． Computers will prevail（战胜） over human beings．
B． Computers have unmatched potential．
C． Computers are man's potential rivals．
D． Computers can become highly intelligent．
（2）What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically？ ____
A． They are capable of predicting possible risks．
B． They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision．
C． They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas．
D． They sacrifice everything to save human lives．
（3）What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？ ____
A． How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings．
B． How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically．
C． How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans．
D． How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines．
（4）What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor？ ____
A． She could not distinguish good from bad．
B． She could turn herself off when necessary．
C． She was not made to handle novel situations．
D． She was good at performing routine tasks．
（5）What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？ ____
A． It will be far superior to human beings．
B． It will keep improving as time goes by．
C． It will prove to be valuable to human beings．
D． It will be here to stay whatever the outcome．
题目解答
答案
（1）D．推理判断题。根据第一段The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become．可知AlphaGo程序的胜利是智能计算机发展的一个例子．即计算机程序也可能会高度智能化，由此可推知，作者想通过AlphaGo的胜利来展示计算机可以变得高度智能。故选D．
（2）C. 推理判断题。根据第三段中Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives． Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？可知然而，有时，他们会面临生活之间的选择。汽车是否应该被编程以避免撞上横穿马路的儿童，即使这会让乘客处于危险之中？为了躲避狗狗而突然转弯怎么样？如果唯一的风险是对汽车本身的损害，而不是对乘客的损害呢？由此可推知，作者所说的人工智能机器的道德行为是指当面临道德困境时，他们可以做出明智的决定。故选C．
（3）B. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge．可知向比我们更聪明的机器教授道德将是更大的挑战。由此可知，在人工智能时代，人类面临的最大挑战是如何确保超级人工智能机器的行为合乎道德。故选B．
（4）A. 推理判断题。根据第五段中When she started saying nice things about Hitler， Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages．可知当她开始说一些关于希特勒的好话时，微软关掉了她的程序，删除了她信息库中最丑的信息。由此可推知，机器人Taylor区分不了好与坏。故选A．
（5）C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中He thinks AI will be positive for humans． He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome． Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and "just better human beings．"可知他认为人工智能将对人类产生积极影响。他说，无论结果如何，人民都将是赢家．人工智能的进步将使人类更聪明、更有能力，"成为更好的人类"。由此可推知，他认为人工智能将证明对人类有价值。故选C．
（2）C. 推理判断题。根据第三段中Sometimes， however， they will face a choice between lives． Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road， even if that will put their passengers at risk？ What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog？ What if the only risk is damage to the car itself， not to the passengers？可知然而，有时，他们会面临生活之间的选择。汽车是否应该被编程以避免撞上横穿马路的儿童，即使这会让乘客处于危险之中？为了躲避狗狗而突然转弯怎么样？如果唯一的风险是对汽车本身的损害，而不是对乘客的损害呢？由此可推知，作者所说的人工智能机器的道德行为是指当面临道德困境时，他们可以做出明智的决定。故选C．
（3）B. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge．可知向比我们更聪明的机器教授道德将是更大的挑战。由此可知，在人工智能时代，人类面临的最大挑战是如何确保超级人工智能机器的行为合乎道德。故选B．
（4）A. 推理判断题。根据第五段中When she started saying nice things about Hitler， Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages．可知当她开始说一些关于希特勒的好话时，微软关掉了她的程序，删除了她信息库中最丑的信息。由此可推知，机器人Taylor区分不了好与坏。故选A．
（5）C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中He thinks AI will be positive for humans． He said people will be the winner， whatever the outcome． Advances in AI will make human beings smarter， more able and "just better human beings．"可知他认为人工智能将对人类产生积极影响。他说，无论结果如何，人民都将是赢家．人工智能的进步将使人类更聪明、更有能力，"成为更好的人类"。由此可推知，他认为人工智能将证明对人类有价值。故选C．